Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration...

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Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson School of Physics & Astronomy The University of Edinburgh

Transcript of Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration...

Page 1: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA

presented byTom Davinson

on behalf of the AIDA collaboration(Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL)

Tom DavinsonSchool of Physics & AstronomyThe University of Edinburgh

Page 2: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

Presentation Outline

• r-process• Nuclear Physics Observables• FAIR• SuperFRS• Decay Spectroscopy (DESPEC)• Advanced Implantation Detector Array (AIDA)

Page 3: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

r-process

• seed nuclei (A≥70)• synthesis far from valley of stability • equilibrium (n,) and (,n) reactions• n-capture until binding energy becomes small• wait for decay to nuclei with higher binding energy

Kratz et al., ApJ 403 (1993) 216

Page 4: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

r-process: Nuclear physics observables

Observable Effect

Sn path

T1/2 • abundance pattern

• timescale

Pn freezeout abundance pattern

Primary nuclear physics observables from studying the decay spectroscopy(principally and -delayed neutron emission) of r-process nuclei

Page 5: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

•Cost

–Approx €1000M

–€650M central German government

–€100M German regional funding

–€250M from international partners

•Timescale

–Feb 2006- German funds in budget 2007-14

–2007 project start

–2016 phased start experiments

–2018 completion

NUSTAR

SuperFRS

Future facilityFuture facility100 m

GSI todayGSI today

SIS 100/300

UNILAC

ESR

SIS 18

HESR

RESR

NESR

FAIR: Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

Page 6: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

FAIR: SuperFRS layout

courtesy of Martin Winkler, GSI

Fast radioactive beams can be used to study r-process• chemistry independent• fast production• measure several nuclei simultaneously• measurements possible with low rates

Page 7: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

FAIR: Production Rates

from FAIR CDR, section 2

Predicted Lifetimes > 100ns

Page 8: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

DESPEC: Implantation DSSD Concept

• SuperFRS, Low Energy Branch (LEB)• Exotic nuclei – energies ~ 50 – 200MeV/u• Implanted into multi-plane, highly segmented DSSD array• Implant – decay correlations• Multi-GeV DSSD implantation events• Observe subsequent p, 2p, p, n … low energy (~MeV) decays• Measure half lives, branching ratios, decay energies …• Tag interesting events for gamma and neutron detector arrays

Page 9: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

Implantation DSSD Configurations

Two configurations proposed:

a) 8cm x 24cm “cocktail” mode many isotopes measured simultaneously

b) 8cm x 8cm concentrate on particular isotope(s) high efficiency mode using:

total absorption spectrometermoderated neutron detector array

Page 10: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

Implantation – Decay Correlation

• DSSD strips identify where (x,y) and when (t0) ions implanted

• Correlate with upstream detectors to identify implanted ion type

• Correlate with subsequent decay(s) at same position (x,y) at times t1(,t2, …)

• Observation of a series of correlations enables determination of energy distribution and half-life of radioactive decay

• Require average time between implants at position (x,y) >> decay half-lifedepends on DSSD segmentation and implantation rate/profile

• Implantation profilex ~ y ~ 2cm, z ~ 1mm

• Implantation rate (8cm x 24cm) ~ 10kHz, ~ kHz per isotope (say)

• Longest half life to be observed ~ seconds

Implies quasi-pixel dimensions ~ 0.5mm x 0.5mm

Page 11: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

AIDA: DSSD Array Design

• 8cm x 8cm DSSDscommon wafer design for 8cm x 24cm and 8cm x 8cm configurations

• 8cm x 24cm3 adjacent wafers – horizontal strips series bonded

• 128 p+n junction strips, 128 n+n ohmic strips per wafer

• strip pitch 625m

• wafer thickness 1mm

• E, Veto and up to 6 intermediate planes4096 channels (8cm x 24cm)

• overall package sizes (silicon, PCB, connectors, enclosure … )~ 10cm x 26cm x 4cm or ~ 10cm x 10cm x 4cm

Page 12: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

ASIC Design Requirements

Selectable gain 20 1000 20000 MeV FSRLow noise 12 600 50000 keV FWHM

energy measurement of implantation and decay events

Selectable threshold < 0.25 – 10% FSRobserve and measure low energy detection efficiency

Integral non-linearity < 0.1% and differential non-linearity < 2% for > 95% FSRspectrum analysis, calibration, threshold determination

Autonomous overload detection & recovery ~ sobserve and measure fast implantation – decay correlations

Nominal signal processing time < 10sobserve and measure fast decay – decay correlations

Receive (transmit) timestamp datacorrelate events with data from other detector systems

Timing trigger for coincidences with other detector systemsDAQ rate management, neutron ToF

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Schematic of Prototype ASIC Functionality

Note – ASIC will also evaluate use of digital signal processing

Potential advantages• decay – decay correlations to ~ 200ns• pulse shape analysis• ballistic deficit correction

Page 14: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

• Analogue inputs left edge

• Control/outputs right edge

• Power/bias top and bottom

• 16 channels per ASIC

• Prototypes delivered May 2009MPW run100 dies delivered

• Functional tests at STFC RAL OK

Prototype AIDA ASIC: Top level design

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AIDA ASIC simulation: example

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15I_LF fdbk=0

I_LF fdbk=6.4

I_LF fdbk=12.81.00E -041.10E -041.20E -041.30E -041.40E -041.50E -041.60E -041.70E -041.80E -041.90E -042.00E -04

Noise [V rm s]

S ha ping T ime (from 0.5us to 8us)

AIDA rms NOIS E : I_L F fdbk vs S haping T ime (C det=4.7pF , Ibias _preAmp=8)

1.90E -04-2.00E -04

1.80E -04-1.90E -04

1.70E -04-1.80E -04

1.60E -04-1.70E -04

1.50E -04-1.60E -04

1.40E -04-1.50E -04

1.30E -04-1.40E -04

1.20E -04-1.30E -04

1.10E -04-1.20E -04

1.00E -04-1.10E -04

Optimum ASIC parameters identified by simulation

Page 16: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

Prototype AIDA ASIC

Page 17: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

Fixed high-energy (HE) event (610pC) followed by three ME events (15pC, 30pC, 45pC): the ASIC recovers autonomously from the overload of the L-ME channel and the second event is read correctly.

Input signals (voltage step capacitive-coupled)

Preamp buffered output(Low-Medium Energy Channel)

“Range” signalHigh = high-energy channel active

“Data Ready” signal

3: High Energy (HE) + ME

Page 18: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

First value (constant) given by the High-Energy channel, second by the Medium-Energy channel.

Input signals (voltage step capacitive-coupled)

“Range” signalHigh = high-energy channel active

“Data Ready” signal

Analog output (peak-hold multiplexed output)

3: High Energy (HE) + ME

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FEE Assembly Sequence

Page 20: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

AIDA: status• Systems integrated prototypes available

- prototype tests in progress• Production planned Q3/2010

Mezzanine: 4x 16 channel ASICs Cu cover EMI/RFI/light screen cooling

FEE: 4x 16-bit ADC MUX readout (not visible) 8x octal 50MSPS 14-bit ADCs Xilinx Virtex 5 FPGA PowerPC 40x CPU core – Linux OS

Gbit ethernet, clock, JTAG portsPower

FEE width: 8cmPrototype – air coolingProduction – recirculating coolant

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ASIC Controls

Page 22: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

Examples of prototype bench tests

1keV = 61V0.15mV rms ~ 2.5keV rms Si

Test range ~ 20k channels

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Prototype AIDA Enclosure

- Design drawings (PDF) available http://www.eng.dl.ac.uk/secure/np-work/AIDA/

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AIDA Enclosure

• Prototype mechanical design• Based on 8cm x 8cm DSSSD

evaluate prior to design for 24cm x 8cm DSSSD• Compatible with RISING, TAS, 4 neutron detector

• 12x 8cm x 8cm DSSSDs 24x AIDA FEE cards

• 3072 channels

• Design complete

• Mechanical assembly in progress

Page 25: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

AIDA

Page 26: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

AIDA: outlook

• DSSSD with sub-contractor (MSL)

• ASIC submitted for wafer production run (AMS)– delivery January 2011

• FEE mezzanine PCB – will be submitted for manufacture Nov 2010– delivery January 2011

• FEE PCB with sub-contractor- delivery January 2011

• Mechanical design and infrastructure (HV, PSUs, cooling etc.)- STFC DL & University of Liverpool arranging manufacture/purchase

Production complete hardware now available for integration/initial tests

AIDA expected to be ready for commissioning/first experiments from 2011/Q3

Continuing development work in progress, e.g. MWD, integration with otherdetector systems

Page 27: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

AIDA: Project Partners

• The University of Edinburgh (lead RO)Phil Woods et al.

• The University of LiverpoolRob Page et al.

• STFC DL & RALJohn Simpson et al.

Project Manager: Tom Davinson

Further information: http://www.ph.ed.ac.uk/~td/AIDA

Technical Specification:http://www.ph.ed.ac.uk/~td/AIDA/Design/AIDA_Draft_Technical_Specification_v1.pdf

Page 28: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

Acknowledgements

My thanks to:

STFC DLPatrick Coleman-Smith, Ian Lazarus, Simon Letts, Paul Morrall, Vic Pucknell, John Simpson & Jon Strachan

STFC RALDavide Braga, Mark Prydderch & Steve Thomas

University of LiverpoolTuomas Grahn, Paul Nolan, Rob Page, Sami Ritta-Antila & Dave Seddon

University of EdinburghZhong Liu, Phil Woods

Prototype AIDA hardware tests at MARSLivius Trache et al., Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M

Page 29: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.
Page 30: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

Heavy Element Abundance: Solar System

from B.S.Meyer, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 32 (1994) 153

Si=106

r-process produces roughly one-half of all elements heavier than iron

Page 31: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

Heavy element nucleosynthesis

Process Environment Timescale Endpoint Site

s-process (n,)

T9~0.1

n>>n~1-1000a

n~108/cm3

<106a 209Bi AGB stars

r-process (n,)

T9~1-2

n<<n~s

n~1024-1030/cm3

<1s beyond U Type II supernovae?

NS-NS mergers?

p-process T9~2-3 ~1s Type II supernovae

Page 32: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

r-process: What do observations tell us?

12log)(logH

NN

X xε

from Cowan & Sneden, Nature 440 (2006) 1151

CS22892-052• galactic halo star (intermediate population II)• red giant• ‘metal poor’ [Fe/H] = -3.0

solar

loglog]/[

Y

X

Y

X

NN

NN

YX

Matches relative elementalsolar abundance pattern

• common site/event type?• applies to ‘metal poor’ and ‘metal rich’ stars – rapid evolution of old stars?

Page 33: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

r-process: U/Th Cosmo-chronology

from Cowan & Sneden, Nature 440 (2006) 1151

(13.8±4)Ga

(14.1±2.5)Ga

Cowan et al., ApJ 572 (2002) 861

Wanajo et al., ApJ 577 (2002) 853

• long half-lives• very similar mass• r-process production only

Page 34: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

r-process: -delayed neutron emission

Effect of -delayed neutron emission:modification (smoothing) of final abundance pattern at freezeout

• Sn<Q

• increasing N → lower Sn,higher Q

Kratz et al., ApJ 403 (1993) 216

before -decay after -decay

Page 35: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

Proposed layout August 2006(for illustrative purposes – way out of date!)

courtesy of Martin Winkler, GSI

FAIR: HISPEC/DESPEC

Page 36: Decay Spectroscopy at FAIR with AIDA presented by Tom Davinson on behalf of the AIDA collaboration (Edinburgh – Liverpool – STFC DL & RAL) Tom Davinson.

AIDA: ASIC schematic

High-speed bufferx10

DC fdbk

shaper

9R

R

Slowcomparator

Clamp comparator(for x10)

PeakHoldpositivePolarity

PeakHoldnegativePolarity

RC filter(with reset)

Fastcomparator

RC filter(with reset)

CM

OS

sw

itches

I thresholdR threshold

I thresholdR threshold

DC fdbk

shaperPeakHold

positivePolarity

PeakHoldnegativePolarity

Fastcomparator

RC filter(with reset)

I thresholdR threshold

4:1 MUX

1

2

2

3 4

4

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1010

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