DEBTS (Hawley-Smoot Tariff)US high tariffs (Hawley-Smoot Tariff) caused Great Britain and France to...
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Transcript of DEBTS (Hawley-Smoot Tariff)US high tariffs (Hawley-Smoot Tariff) caused Great Britain and France to...
DEBTS
•US high tariffs ((Hawley-Smoot Hawley-Smoot
Tariff)Tariff) caused Great Britain and France to not trade with US.
•US became “economic “economic
isolationist”.isolationist”.
•Because of this, Great Britain and France did not pay
back war debts to the US.
•GB and France defaulted on their debt because they had paid in blood.
•US high tariffs ((Hawley-Smoot Hawley-Smoot
Tariff)Tariff) caused Great Britain and France to not trade with US.
•US became “economic “economic
isolationist”.isolationist”.
•Because of this, Great Britain and France did not pay
back war debts to the US.
•GB and France defaulted on their debt because they had paid in blood.
US INVESTORS
WALL STREET BANKER
S
GERMANY
PRIVATE
LOANS
PRIVATE
LOANS
US TREASUR
Y
GREAT BRITAI
NFRANC
E
ALLIED
WAR
DEBT
PAYMENT
S
ALLIED
WAR
DEBT
PAYMENT
S
WAR DEBT
PAYMENTS
WAR DEBT
PAYMENTS“REPARATIO
NS”“REPARATIO
NS”
Dawes Plan
•Presented in 1924 by the committee headed by Charles G. Dawes to the Reparations Commission of the Allied nations. It was accepted the same year by Germany and the Allied Nations.
•The Dawes Committee was entrusted with finding a solution for the collection of the German reparations debt, set at almost $54 billion.
•Germany had been lagging in payment of this obligation and the Dawes Plan provided a repayment schedule over 4 years to the Allies. The Germans would continue to lag behind in payments.
Foreign Policy TensionsForeign Policy Tensions
InterventionisInterventionismm
DisarmameDisarmamentnt
• Collective Collective securitysecurity
• ““Wilsonianism”Wilsonianism”
• Business Business interestsinterests
• IsolationismIsolationism
• NativistsNativists
• Anti-War movementAnti-War movement
• Conservative Conservative RepublicansRepublicans
FDR’s “Good Neighbor” PolicyFDR’s “Good Neighbor” Policy
Important to have all nations in the Western Hemisphere united in lieu of foreign aggressions.
FDR The good neighbor respects himself and the rights of others.
Policy of non-intervention and cooperation.
LEND LEASE
•RENTING, LEASING, GIVING BRITAIN AND LATER SOVIET
UNION AND CHINA, MILITARY WEAPONS TO ARM THEM AGAINST
THE GERMANS AND JAPANESE…
•FDR’s FINAL ATTEMPT TO REMAIN NEUTRAL!
•USA BECOMES THE “ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY”
Great Britain.........................$31 Great Britain.........................$31 billionbillionSoviet Union...........................$11 Soviet Union...........................$11 billionbillionFrance......................................$ 3 France......................................$ 3 billionbillionChina.......................................$1.5 China.......................................$1.5 billionbillionOther European.................$500 Other European.................$500 millionmillionSouth America...................$400 South America...................$400 millionmillion
The amount totaled: The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000$48,601,365,000
Great Britain.........................$31 Great Britain.........................$31 billionbillionSoviet Union...........................$11 Soviet Union...........................$11 billionbillionFrance......................................$ 3 France......................................$ 3 billionbillionChina.......................................$1.5 China.......................................$1.5 billionbillionOther European.................$500 Other European.................$500 millionmillionSouth America...................$400 South America...................$400 millionmillion
The amount totaled: The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000$48,601,365,000
U. S. Lend-Lease Act,U. S. Lend-Lease Act,1941, “ US becomes the arsenal 1941, “ US becomes the arsenal
of democracy”of democracy”
U. S. Lend-Lease Act,U. S. Lend-Lease Act,1941, “ US becomes the arsenal 1941, “ US becomes the arsenal
of democracy”of democracy”
US offered Lend Lease as a last defense to stay out of war. It was given to Britain during the Battle of Britain in 1940, the Soviet Union after Hitler’s invasion in 1941 and China. The US became the “arsenal of democracy”.
lend lease
•1935: prohibited arms shipments to all belligerent countries.
•1936: forbid loans to all belligerents
•1939: prohibited Americans from
traveling on ships of belligerent nations
•1935: prohibited arms shipments to all belligerent countries.
•1936: forbid loans to all belligerents
•1939: prohibited Americans from
traveling on ships of belligerent nations
Neutral
•FDR responds to Fascist aggression in Europe by protecting democracies and preparing the US for
war…..BUT TRYING TO REMAIN ISOLATED AND NEUTRAL
•FDR responds to Fascist aggression in Europe by protecting democracies and preparing the US for
war…..BUT TRYING TO REMAIN ISOLATED AND NEUTRAL
•Americans wanted to remain neutral.
•America First Committee: Committee to Defend America by
Aiding the Allies
•Feb. 21, 1940:Feb. 21, 1940: If Germany is defeating
England & France, should the U.S. declare war on Germany and send our
Army and Navy to Europe to fight against Hitler?
Yes: 23% Yes: 23% No 77%No 77%
•Americans wanted to remain neutral.
•America First Committee: Committee to Defend America by
Aiding the Allies
•Feb. 21, 1940:Feb. 21, 1940: If Germany is defeating
England & France, should the U.S. declare war on Germany and send our
Army and Navy to Europe to fight against Hitler?
Yes: 23% Yes: 23% No 77%No 77%
Neutral
Neutral
December 16, 1940: Do you think it was a
mistake for the U.S. to enter the first World
War?
Yes: 39%
No 42% No opinion 19%
December 16, 1940: Do you think it was a
mistake for the U.S. to enter the first World
War?
Yes: 39%
No 42% No opinion 19%
•FDR’s speech to Congress in Jan. 1941 describing the threat of the
Axis Powers.
•FDR believed American security
was seriously threatened and
believed the struggle was over
American democracy.
•FDR’s speech to Congress in Jan. 1941 describing the threat of the
Axis Powers.
•FDR believed American security
was seriously threatened and
believed the struggle was over
American democracy.
atlantic1
FIRST, freedom of speech and expression, everywhere in the world.
SECOND, freedom of every person to worship God in his own way,everywhere in
the world.
THIRD, freedom from want, which translated into world terms, economic and healthy peace time life, everywhere in the
world.
FOURTH, freedom from fear, worldwide reduction of armaments, everywhere in the
world.
Other things FDR stated:
•The world order is to seek cooperation of free countries, in a friendly civilized society.
•Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere.
Chapter 24, Section 2
1940: Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, Netherlands
and France
1941: Soviet Union
1940: Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, Netherlands
and France
1941: Soviet Union
June 22, 1941,
Hitler invades the Soviet
Union
atlantic1
•FDR and Winston
Churchill meet on the USS
Augusta in the North Atlantic to sign the Atlantic Charter, August
12, 1941.
•They met together to make known certain common principles of their respective
countries on which they base their hopes for a better future
for the world.
atlantic1
FIRST, we seek not conquest of land or territory
SECOND, no territorial changes of land between nations.
THIRD, Restoration of sovereign rights and self-government
FOURTH, Access to raw materials for all
FIFTH, World economic cooperation
SIXTH, Freedom from fear and want
SEVENTH, freedom of the seas
EIGHTH, Disarmament of aggressors
NINTH, a United Nations for world peace.
The Attack Plan (Japanese)
The Attack Plan (Japanese)
By attacking our three main bases (???) the Japanese hoped to have free
reign to take out southern Asia.Wanted oil, rubber & metal.
They wanted control of East Asia (all the way down to Australia).
They concentrated on attacking the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia). This would allow the Japanese to attack
Australia.All that would be left would be small islands here and there in the Pacific
and the Japanese would feel no threat from them.
Why did the Japanese attack us?
Why did the Japanese attack us?
US and Japan had negotiated several treaties to respect each other territorial possessions.Japan had ignored the treaties and were threatening US island possessions and the Open Door Policy in China.
Invaded China in 1937 and started WWII in Asia.
US had placed an embargo on war goods so that Japan could not purchase them.Japan signed an alliance with Germany and ItalyThe Japanese felt if they attacked the US hard enough, we would back off and let Japan control the Pacific.This would allow Japan to create their Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity SphereGreater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere..
map/japan
• Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
• Commander of the Japanese Navy
• Responsible for the success of the Japanese attack of Pearl Harbor.
WWII Military Leaders
• Captain Mitsuo Fuchida
• Led the attack at Pearl Harbor.
• “Tora, Tora, Tora”
• “Attack, Attack, Attack”
Infamy7
Began at 7:55am on Dec. 7, 1941In less than 2 hours, the Pacific Fleet lost
two battleships, six others were heavily battered and nearly a dozen lesser vessels
put out of action.More than 150 planes were wrecked; over
2,300 servicemen were killed and 1,100 wounded.
Blame was widespread, both on the Officials in Washington and on the Admiral
and the General in Hawaii.
•Over half the U.S. Pacific fleet was out to sea, including the carriers.
•18 Army Aircorps aircraft including bombers and fighters and attack bombers
were destroyed or damaged on the ground. •A few U.S. fighters struggled into the air
against the invaders and gave a good account of themselves.
•A total of twenty-nine Japanese aircraft were shot down by ground fire and U.S
pilots from various military installations on O'ahu.
Approximately 100 ships of the U.S. Navy were present that morning, consisting of battleships, destroyers, cruisers and various support ships.
USS Arizona (BB39) BattleshipUSS West Virginia (BB48) BattleshipUSS California (BB44) BattleshipUSS Oklahoma (BB37) BattleshipUSS Nevada (BB36) BattleshipUSS Pennsylvania (BB38) BattleshipUSS Tennessee (BB43) BattleshipUSS Maryland (BB46) BattleshipUSS Vestal (AR4) Repair shipUSS Neosho (AO23) OilerUSS Detroit (CL8) Light
cruiserUSS Raleigh (CL7) Light
cruiserUSS Utah (AG16) Target Ship
USS Tangier (AV8) Seaplane
Tender
•After FDR’s Day of Infamy speech
asking for a declaration of war
against Japan, Congress approved the declaration….
•FDR signed the declaration of war against Japan on
Dec. 8, 1941
•After FDR’s Day of Infamy speech
asking for a declaration of war
against Japan, Congress approved the declaration….
•FDR signed the declaration of war against Japan on
Dec. 8, 1941
Infamy9