Dear residents of Northwest Louisiana - Step Forward · 2019-04-22 · 2 Dear residents of...
Transcript of Dear residents of Northwest Louisiana - Step Forward · 2019-04-22 · 2 Dear residents of...
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DearresidentsofNorthwestLouisiana:
Thingsarenotalwayswhattheyappeartobe.
Thetruthcanbeblurredbythingslikeone-sidedperspectives,viralposts,orsimplyalackofinformation.Makingdecisionsbasedonsuchillusionsnotonlywastestimeandresourcesbutcanhavecatastrophicresults.
AtStepForward,weaspiretoknowandsharethetruthaboutthewell-beingofourchildrenandourcommunity.Wedothisthroughcarefulanalysisofreliableandpublicly-availabledataindicators.Theresultofthisfact-findingeffortisourannuallyupdatedReporttotheCommunity.
TheReporttotheCommunityisourgifttoeverycitizeninNorthwestLouisiana,particularlythosewhoarechargedwithpublicservicethroughtheireffortstocreateandmaintainahealthycommunityforall.Thisunprecedentedreportservesasaguideforpolicy-makers,publicservants,businessleaders,andotherdecision-makerstobetterunderstandtheneedsofourneighbors.
Whenweexaminethesecriticalindicatorswithoutbias,wefindsomeverygoodnews.Forexample,inthefallof2018,kindergartenreadinessratesforNorthwestLouisianaimprovedforthefirsttimeinfiveyears.Inonehigh-povertyschool,thenumberofkindergartenersmeetingbenchmarkreadinessstandardsmorethandoubledintwoyears,withagrowthrateof133%.Similarly,thenumberofthreeandfour-yearoldchildrenenrolledinpreschoolprogramsincreased,asdidthequalityratingsofthoseprograms.Theseearlyindicatorsrepresentrealandsubstantivehopeforcommunity-widechange.
Nobel-prizewinningeconomistJamesHeckmanwouldagree,ashestates,“communitiesreapa13%annualreturnbyinvestinginpositiveearlyexperiencesfordisadvantagedchildren.”
Thosedisadvantagescanincludepoverty,abuse,andothertypesofadversechildhoodexperiences,allofwhichcanrepresentrealroadblocksforlifesuccess.Sadly,datafromthe2019reportsuggeststhatadversityremainsaconcernformanychildren,withtherateofpovertyforchildrenunderagesixnowat36percentinNorthwestLouisiana.Researchtellsusthatchildreninpovertyareatriskforpooroutcomes.
However,householdincomedoesnotdefineachild’spotential.Thegoodnewsaboveprovidesclearevidencethatthechallengesofpovertycanandwillbeovercomebyqualityearlyexperiences.Byclearlydefiningtheproblemthroughdata,communityleadersarenotonlyworkingtochangenegativetrends;theyaresucceeding.Withtherightsupports,theskyisthelimitforeverychild.
Preparationforlifesuccessstartsonthefirstdayoflifeanditcanbeaccomplishedregardlessofafamily’sfinancialcircumstances.Startingschoolreadytolearnwillresultinmorechildrenreadingproficiently,morechildrengraduatingontime,andmoreyoungadultsreadyforsustainable,living-wagejobs.
Thingsarenotalwayswhattheyappeartobe.TofindoutmoreabouthowchildrenandyoungadultsaredoinginNorthwestLouisiana,pleasetakethetimetoreviewourfullreport.Ratherthanguessingatthetruth,let’susethisreliabledatatolearnexactlywhereweneedimprovement.Finally,let’stakethetimetodevelopsolutionstoimprovethoseoutcomes,sothateverychildcansucceed.
Gratefully,
LauraAlderman,ExecutiveDirectorStepForward
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STEPFORWARDBOARDOFDIRECTORS
Ms.WaynetteBallengeeCommunityVolunteer
BishopLarryBrandon
Pastor,PraiseTempleFullGospelBaptistChurch
Mr.JohnDean,PresidentPartnerofCounsel,Heard,McElroyandVestal
Dr.JanaDeBenedetti
Rabbi,B’naiZionCongregation
Dr.ToyaGraham,VicePresidentExecutiveDirector,TheBeairdFamilyFoundation
Ms.KristiGustavson–exofficio
ExecutiveDirector,TheCommunityFoundationofNorthLouisiana
Ms.CherylMcGowenRetiredEducator
Mr.KyleMcInnis
Attorney,AndersonFeazelManagement,Inc.
Mr.JohnPeakRetiredPresidentofChaseCommercialBankingNLA
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STEPFORWARDLEADERSHIPCOUNCIL
Mr.ReggieAbramsPresident,CommitteeofOneHundred
Ms.SonjaBailes
PublicRelationsLiaison,BossierParishSchoolsStepForwardCommunicationsandOutreachAdvisor
Dr.RickBateman
Chancellor,BossierParishCommunityCollegeStepForwardPost-SecondaryAdvisor
Dr.JosephBocchiniJr.,MD
ProfessorandChairman,DepartmentofPediatricsLSUHealthSciencesCenterStepForwardHealthAdvisor
Ms.RosalynGloverBryant
SupervisorofCompliance/ParentalCommunityInvolvement,CaddoParishSchoolsTitleIStepForwardParentAdvisor
Ms.SandyCimino
VicePresident,BusinessDevelopmentCommunityBankofLouisiana
Dr.LarryClark
Chancellor,LouisianaStateUniversityShreveport
Mr.ClayCorleySuperintendent,DeSotoParishSchools
Mr.MitchDowney
Superintendent,BossierParishSchools
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Dr.RodneyEllisChancellor,SouthernUniversityShreveport,LA
Ms.LeVetteFuller
CouncilMemberDistrictB,ShreveportCityCouncilStepForwardBuildingFuturesNetworkCo-Chair
Mr.ChrisGabriel
ExecutiveVicePresidentVolunteersofAmericaNorthLouisiana
Dr.LamarGoree
Superintendent,CaddoParishSchools
Dr.RaymondHicksStepForwardMyBrother’sKeeperNetworkChair
Ms.LisaJohnson
President/CEO,BossierChamberofCommerce
Dr.TerrieJohnsonSupervisorGrades9-12,BossierParishSchools
StepForwardHighSchoolAdvisor
Mr.JacquesLasseigneRegionalIndustryCoordinator,LouisianaWorkforceCommission
StepForwardBuildingFuturesNetworkCo-Chair
Dr.TimMagnerPresident,GreaterShreveportChamberofCommerce
Dr.EarlMeador
Director,NorthwestLouisianaTechnicalCollege
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Dr.RodneyEllisChancellor,SouthernUniversityShreveport,LA
Ms.LeVetteFuller
CouncilMemberDistrictB,ShreveportCityCouncilStepForwardBuildingFuturesNetworkCo-Chair
Mr.ChrisGabriel
ExecutiveVicePresidentVolunteersofAmericaNorthLouisiana
Dr.LamarGoree
Superintendent,CaddoParishSchools
Dr.RaymondHicksStepForwardMyBrother’sKeeperNetworkChair
Ms.LisaJohnson
President/CEO,BossierChamberofCommerce
Dr.TerrieJohnsonSupervisorGrades9-12,BossierParishSchools
StepForwardHighSchoolAdvisor
Mr.JacquesLasseigneRegionalIndustryCoordinator,LouisianaWorkforceCommission
StepForwardBuildingFuturesNetworkCo-Chair
Dr.TimMagnerPresident,GreaterShreveportChamberofCommerce
Dr.EarlMeador
Director,NorthwestLouisianaTechnicalCollege
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Mr.RodrigoMondragonOwner,OperatorKi’Mexico
Ms.MandyPerdue
ProgramDirector,EarlyChildhoodEducation,BossierParishCommunityCollegeStepForwardBuildingFoundationsNetworkCo-Chair
JohnnyRowland
Superintendent,WebsterParishSchools
Dr.PhillipRozeman,MDCardiovascularConsultants
Dr.TimWilcox
AdministratorofPsychiatricandClinicalSupportServicesWillisKnightonHealthSystem
TimWilhite
CFOandGeneralCounsel,WilhiteElectric
Dr.JaniceWilliamsPrincipal,MeadowviewElementary
StepForwardBuildingFoundationsNetworkCo-Chair
Dr.BruceWilsonPresidentandCEO,UnitedWayofNorthwestLouisiana
AlexisYoung
LicensedClinicalSocialWorker,WebsterParishPublicSchools
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NORTHWESTLOUISIANADASHBOARD
INDICATOR CURRENTLEVEL
TRENDFROMPREVIOUSYEAR
KindergartenReadiness 41.2% Improved
3to4YearOldsEnrolledinSchool 49.6% Improved
EarlyChildhoodProgramProficiency 69.2% Improved
Age5andunderBelowPovertyLevel 36.3% Worsened
3rdGradeELAProficiency 62.3% Worsened
6thGradeMathProficiency 53.9% Improved
6thGradeScienceProficiency 62.4% NoChange
Age16to19Idleness 9.2% Improved
Age17andunderArrestsforTheft 312 Worsened
Age17andunderArrestsforAssault 594 Improved
FertilityRateforFemalesAge15to19 31.6 Improved
AverageACTCompositeScore 19.4 Worsened
CohortGraduationRate 78.3% NoChange
Age18to24EnrolledinCollege 25.2% Worsened
Age24andunderCollegeFallEnrollment 8,225 Worsened
CollegeDegreesandCertificatesAwarded 3,314 Worsened
Age18to24LessthanHighSchoolGraduate 20.4% Improved
Age18to24SomeCollegeorAbove 43.5% Worsened
Age20to24LaborForceParticipationRate 72.4% Worsened
Age20to24EmploymenttoPopulationRatio 57.1% Worsened
Age20to24UnemploymentRate 12.7% Improved
Kindergarten Readiness
3 to 4 Year Olds Enrolled in School
Early Childhood Program Proficiency
Age 5 and under Below Poverty Level
3rd Grade ELA Proficiency
6th Grade Math Proficiency
6th Grade Science Proficiency
Age 16 to 19 Idleness
Age 17 and under Arrests for Theft
Age 17 and under Arrests for Assault
Fertility Rate for Females Age 15 to 19
Average ACT Composite Score
Cohort Graduation Rate
Age 18 to 24 Enrolled in College
Age 24 and under 2-Year College Fall Enrollment
2-Year College Degrees and Certificates Awarded
Age 18 to 24 Less than High School Graduate
Age 18 to 24 Some College or Above
Age 20 to 24 Labor Force Participation Rate
Age 20 to 24 Employment to Population Ratio
Age 20 to 24 Unemployment Rate
41.2%
49.6%
69.2%
36.3%
62.3%
53.9%
62.4%
9.2%
312
594
31.6
19.4
78.3%
25.2%
5,585
1,737
20.4%
43.5%
72.4%
57.1%
12.7%
Improved
Improved
Improved
Worsened
Worsened
Improved
Same
Improved
Worsened
Improved
Improved
Worsened
Same
Worsened
Worsened
Worsened
Improved
Worsened
Worsened
Worsened
Improved
INDICATOR CURRENT LEVEL TREND
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TABLEOFCONTENTS
STEPFORWARDBOARDOFDIRECTORS..................................................3
STEPFORWARDLEADERSHIPCOUNCIL...................................................4
DATA-DRIVENPROGRAM......................................................................12
INDICATORS...........................................................................................13
ABOUTTHECOMMUNITY.....................................................................14
EARLYCHILDHOOD................................................................................21
EARLYLITERACY.....................................................................................31
MIDDLEGRADESTEM...........................................................................33
GRADUATIONANDCITIZENSHIP...........................................................37
WORKFORCEDEVELOPMENT................................................................50
NEXTSTEPS............................................................................................68
APPENDIXA:TABLES.............................................................................69
APPENDIXB:MAPS................................................................................92
NOTES....................................................................................................97
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LISTOFFIGURES
AnnualEstimatesoftheComponentsofPopulationChange......................................................15
PopulationofMetroShreveport-BossierCitybyAgeandSex,2017...........................................16
Ageunder18YearsbelowPovertyLevelbyRaceandEthnicity..................................................17
Age25YearsandoverwithLessthanHighSchoolDiplomabyRaceandEthnicity....................18
Age25andoverwithBachelor’sDegreeorHigherbyRaceandEthnicity..................................19
Age16andoverinManagement,Business,Science,andArtsOccupationsbyRaceandEthnicity......................................................................................................................................................20
KindergartenReadiness...............................................................................................................21
3to4YearOldsEnrolledinSchool..............................................................................................22
Age3andoverEnrolledinNurserySchool,PreschoolbyRace...................................................23
NumberofLicensedEarlyLearning(DayCare)CentersbyType.................................................24
PubliclyFundedEarlyChildhoodProgramsbyDomainRating....................................................25
PretermBirths..............................................................................................................................26
Age5andunderBelowPovertyLevel..........................................................................................27
Age5andunderBelowPovertyLevelbyRaceandEthnicity......................................................28
ChildProtectionInvestigationsbyFinding...................................................................................29
ChildreninFosterCare.................................................................................................................30
3rdGradeEnglishLanguageArtsProficiency...............................................................................32
6thGradeMathProficiency.........................................................................................................33
6thGradeScienceProficiency......................................................................................................34
ComputerProgrammers,SoftwareDevelopers,andWebDevelopersbyAge............................35
AllComputerandMathematicalOccupationsbyAge.................................................................36
Age16to19Idleness...................................................................................................................37
Age16to19IdlenessbyRaceandEthnicity................................................................................38
Age17andunderShreveportPoliceDepartmentArrestsforTheftandAssault........................39
ShreveportPoliceDepartmentCallsforService:JuvenileComplaint..........................................40
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YouthundertheSupervisionoftheOfficeofJuvenileJusticeorCaddoParishJuvenileDetentionCenterIntake................................................................................................................................41
MetroAreaFertilityCountsandRatesper1,000FemalesAge15to19.....................................42
CaddoandBossierParishFertilityRatesper1,000FemalesAge15to19byRaceandEthnicity43
CaddoandBossierParishBlackorAfricanAmericanFertilityRatesper1,000FemalesAge15to19.................................................................................................................................................44
CaddoandBossierParishHispanicorLatinoFertilityRatesper1,000FemalesAge15to19.....44
AverageACTCompositeScore.....................................................................................................45
AverageACTCompositeScore,BlackorAfricanAmerican..........................................................46
DropoutCountandRate..............................................................................................................47
CohortGraduationRate...............................................................................................................48
CohortGraduationRatebyRaceandEthnicity............................................................................49
ImmediateCollegeEnrollmentRate............................................................................................50
ImmediateCollegeEnrollmentRatebyRace...............................................................................51
Age18to24EnrolledinCollegeorGraduateSchool..................................................................52
Age18to24EnrolledinCollegeorGraduateSchoolbyGender.................................................53
Age24andunderPublicCollegeFallEnrollment.........................................................................53
Age24andunderPublicCollegeFallEnrollmentbyRace...........................................................54
PublicCollegeDegreesandCertificatesAwarded........................................................................55
PublicCollegeDegreesandCertificatesAwardedbyRace..........................................................56
Age18to24LessthanHighSchoolGraduate..............................................................................57
Age18to24LessthanHighSchoolGraduatebyGender............................................................58
Age18to24SomeCollegeandAbove.........................................................................................58
Age18to24SomeCollegeandAbovebyGender.......................................................................59
Age20to29Associate’sDegreeorAbovebyRaceandGender.................................................60
Age20to24LaborForceParticipationRate................................................................................61
Age20to29LaborForceParticipationRatebyRaceandGender...............................................62
Age20to24EmploymenttoPopulationRatio............................................................................63
Age20to29EmploymenttoPopulationRatiobyRaceandGender...........................................64
Age20to24UnemploymentRate...............................................................................................65
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Age20to29UnemploymentRatebyRaceandGender..............................................................66
Age20to29AverageAnnualWageandSalaryIncomebyRaceandGenderinCurrentDollars67
SuggestedCitation:
Hinze,WesleyM.,andLauraL.Alderman.(2019).ReporttotheCommunity:PrognosisforOurChildren,2019(ReportNo.5).RetrievedfromtheStepForwardNorthLouisianawebsite:https://www.stepforwardnla.org/report-to-the-community/
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DATA-DRIVENPROGRAM
StepForwardusesdatatodriveprojectplanning,goalsetting,andevaluation.Thisreportusesinformationfromthefollowingsourcesandwouldnotbepossiblewithoutthedatatheyprovidefreelytothepublic:
ACT;AnnieE.CaseyFoundationKidsCountDataCenter;CaddoParishJuvenileServices;CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention;LouisianaBoardofRegents;LouisianaCommunityandTechnicalCollegeSystem;LouisianaDepartmentofChildrenandFamilyServices;LouisianaDepartmentofEducation;LouisianaStateCenterforHealthStatistics;NationalCenterforEducationStatistics;ShreveportPoliceDepartment;andtheU.S.BureauoftheCensus.
SomeofthemostimportantcommunityindicatorscomefromtheU.S.CensusBureau,includingmeasuresofpoverty,schoolenrollment,educationalattainment,andemployment,inadditiontopopulationstatisticsforthearea.ThisinformationisavailableannuallyasaresultoftheAmericanCommunitySurvey(ACS),whichbeganin2005andtooktheplaceofthedecennialcensus“longform”in2010.1TheAmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearestimatesusedinthisreportarerollingannualaveragesbasedonasampleofhouseholds.2Theunweightedmetroareasamplecountofpopulationforthe2013-2017ACS5-yearestimatesis29,625.
Rapidchangeiscapturedslowlybythemulti-yearmethod,butthelargersamplesizereducesthemarginsoferror,narrowingtheconfidenceintervalsaroundtheestimates.Thisproducesmorereliablefiguresandshouldbeusedforplanning.TheACS1-yearestimates,acompanionproducttotheACS5-yearestimates,aremorecurrent,buttheyarecalculatedfromasmallersamplesize.Withanunweightedsamplecountof5,457in2017,thesamplesizebecomesfairlysmallwhendisaggregatingthedataintonarrowagerangesandraceorgendercategories.Asaresult,someofthesefiguresmaydifferslightlyfromthosereportedinotherpublicationsaboutsimilartopicsinthemetroarea.
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INDICATORS
Inthespringof2013,theStepForwardteamdevelopedasetofindicatorstotrackprogresstowardthestatedgoalsoftheproject.TheseindicatorswereselectedbasedoncriteriadevelopedbytheStriveTogetherNetwork.
Istheproposedindicator:
Avalidmeasureoftheoutcome?Easilyunderstandabletolocalstakeholders?Reasonablysimilaracrosstheregionandschooldistricts?Producedbyatrustedsource?Affordabletogatherandreport?Availableconsistentlyovertime?Abletobeimprovedthroughlocalaction,andusefulinthedaytodaywork?
The2013baselinereportincludednineindicators.Inthe2015updatesixteenadditionalindicatorsfittingthecriteriaabovewereadded.Someoftheseindicatorsarenolongerreportedbythestateorareotherwiseunavailableandhavebeendiscontinued.
Thefiguresbelowpresentthe21populationlevelindicatorsandotherinformation.Tableswithcountsandpercentagescanbefoundattheendofthereport.SomeStepForwardprojectswillimpacttheseindicatorsdirectlyandotherswillimpactthemindirectly.Morethanoneprojectisnecessarytochangeconditionssuchasschoolenrollmentoremploymentratesinametroarea.Currently,9of21indicatorswithdataavailablebeyondtheirbaselinesaretrendingpositivefromtheirbaselines(43percent),and9of20indicatorswithnewdataaretrendingpositivefromthepreviousyear(45percent).Themoreoftheseindicatorsthatareheadingintherightdirection,themorelikelythenecessaryconditionsexistforfuturesuccess.Fourteenofthe21indicators(67percent)aredisaggregatedbyrace,gender,orboth.
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ABOUTTHECOMMUNITY
Followingthisintroduction,aprofilewillbebuiltoftheyoungresidentsofmetroShreveport-BossierCityinfivestages,fromtheearlydaysofthecradletothebeginningofacareer.Thissectioncoversthemetroareapopulationandpopulationdynamics,thepovertystatusofallpersonsunder18yearsofage,andtheeducationalattainmentandoccupationsofadults.
TheShreveport-BossierCityMetropolitanStatisticalAreacontainsfourparisheswiththefollowingpopulationsizesaccordingtothelatestavailableCensusestimates:Caddo(246,581),Bossier(127,634),Webster(39,378),andDeSoto(27,340).Assurroundingcommunitiesbecomesociallyandeconomicallyintegratedwiththeurbancore,theboundariesofthemetroareacanchange.PatternsofcommutingtoworkalsofigureintothefederalOfficeofManagementandBudget’sdelineationdecisions.3DeSotoParishreplacedWebsterParishaspartofthemetroareain2000,andWebsterwasaddedagainin2013.Thelatestestimateofthetotalmetroareapopulationis440,933in2017,downfromitspeakof444,486in2015.Ofthetotal382metroareasintheUnitedStates—fromAbilene,TXtoYuma,AZ—Shreveport-BossierCityisthe123rdmostpopulous.ThelargestisNewYork-Newark-JerseyCity,NY-NJ-PA(20.3million)andthesmallestisCarsonCity,NV(54,745).
Themetropopulationisspreadacrossfiveplaceswithpopulationsofabout5,000ormore,andintomanysmallersurroundingtowns.Thefiveplacesandtheir2017populationtotalsareShreveport(192,036)inCaddoParish;BossierCity(68,554)inBossierParish;Minden(12,319)andSpringhill(4,936)inWebsterParish;andMansfield(4,771)inDeSotoParish.Alltogether,these282,616residentsofthefivelargestplacesmakeupalmosttwothirdsofthemetropopulation.Shreveportaloneis44percent.Althoughtheremaining158,317individualsdonotliveinplacesof5,000ormore,theyarenotformallyruralbecausetheyarewithinthemetropolitanstatisticalareageography.Manyplacesinthemetroareaarecomparativelysmall,buttheyareallsociallyandeconomicallyintegratedwithShreveportandBossierCity.
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AnnualEstimatesoftheComponentsofPopulationChange
U.S.CensusBureau,PopulationDivisionData:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest.html
Thecomponentsofpopulationchangearekeydemographicmeasuresandincludebirths,deaths,andmigration.Themetroareagainsabout1,800personsperyearthroughnaturalincrease(about6,300birthsminusabout4,500deaths).Thisnaturalincreaseistrendingdownlatelyasbirthshaveslightlydeclinedanddeathshaveslightlyincreased,likelyduetolowerteenagefertility,laterageatfirstmarriage,andanagingpopulation.ThesetrendsarecommonacrossmanyAmericancommunities.Inthemostrecentyear,themetroareagained1,500individualsthroughnaturalincrease.
Themetroareaisanetsenderofmigrantsandthishasbeenthemaincontributortorecentpopulationdecline.AccordingtoannualestimatesfromtheCensusfortheyears2013to2017,themetroareasendseachyearabout3,300moreindividualsasout-migrantsthanitreceivesasin-migrants.4Thisimprovedsomewhatinthemostrecentyear,fromanetmigrationtotalofnegative3,748in2016toanettotalofnegative2,972in2017.
Themostrecentmigrationflowsbyageareavailableforyears2011to2015.5Theagerangeswiththelargestnetlossesforthemetroareaare18to19and30to34.Theagerangeswiththelargestnetgainsfortheareaare20to24and65to69.Concerningtheagerange18to24ofparticularinterestinthisreport,themetroareareceivesabout3,200individualseachyearandsendsabout3,400,foranetlossofabout200peryear.6Thedestinationoftheseout-migrantsisabout70percentothermetroareasand30percentnonmetroareas(micropolitanorrural).Thetopmetrodestinations(and2011to2015annualestimates)areBatonRouge
-10,000
-8,000
-6,000
-4,000
-2,000
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Births Deaths NetInternationalMigration NetDomesticMigration
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(330),Dallas-FortWorth-Arlington(273),Houston-TheWoodlands-SugarLand(195),Monroe(169),Longview(83),NewOrleans-Metairie(68),andLafayette(59).
PopulationofMetroShreveport-BossierCitybyAgeandSex,2017
U.S.CensusBureau,PopulationDivisionData:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest.html
Thecombinationofnaturalincreaseandnetmigrationovertimeproducesthepopulationdistributionseenhereinthepyramidfigure.Thebulgeinthethreecohortsage50to64includesmostoftheBabyBoomergeneration(born1946to1964,age53to71in2017).MostoftheMillennialgeneration(born1981to1996,age21to36in2017)isincludedinthethreecohortsage20to34.7Whatappearsinthefiguretobesomemissing20to24year-oldsareMillennialswhohaveout-migratedfromthemetroarea,probablyforworkorschool.Somewillreturnlater.Manyofthereturning20to24year-oldsfromthe2011to2015datamentionedabovehaveagedintotheage25to29cohort,thelargest5-yearcohortinthemetroarea(32,197).Eachoftheyounger5-yearagecohorts—0to4,5to9,10to14,and15to19—includebetweenabout30,000and27,500individuals.
20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20
0-45-9
10-1415-1920-2425-2930-3435-3940-4445-4950-5455-5960-6465-6970-7475-7980-8485+
Thousands
Age Males Females
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Ageunder18YearsbelowPovertyLevelbyRaceandEthnicity
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearestimatesData:http://factfinder.census.gov/
Povertyratesforchildrenandyouthvaryconsiderablyacrossracegroups.ThedisparityisespeciallysevereinthemetroareawhencomparedtotheUnitedStatesasawhole,andevenwhencomparedtothestateofLouisiana.Therateofpovertyforwhitechildrenandyouth(under18years)is15.5percent,comparedto50percentforAfricanAmericanchildrenandyouth.Thisamountstoasubstantialgapofalmost35percentagepoints,morethan3timesasmanyindividualsbynumber,or16,592moreAfricanAmericanchildrenandyouthinpovertythanwhitechildrenandyouth.Thisgapatthestatelevelis33pointsandatthenationallevelis24points.PovertyratesforHispanicorLatinochildrenandyouthareinbetween,andallarerising.
0%
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20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
BlackorAfricanAmerican HispanicorLatino White,notHispanic
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Age25YearsandoverwithLessthanHighSchoolDiplomabyRaceandEthnicity
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearestimatesData:http://factfinder.census.gov/
Disparitiesinchildandyouthpovertyshowuplaterasdifferencesinadulteducationalattainmentandinthedisparatedistributionsofworkersintomiddleclassoccupations.Themostrecentbestestimateofadultswithlessthanahighschooldiplomais9percentforwhites,19percentforAfricanAmericans,and29percentforLatinos.Thesevaluesareinbetweenthestateandnationallevelsforwhites(12percentand8percent)andAfricanAmericans(22percentand15percent)andaboutevenwiththestatebutbelowthenationallevelforLatinos(28percentand33percent).Theselevelsareonthedecline,andatthecurrentpacewhiteandAfricanAmericanratesinthisattainmentcategorywouldconvergeat9percentin2032.StepForwardisworkinghardtoclosethegapsooner.
0%
5%
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15%
20%
25%
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35%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
BlackorAfricanAmerican HispanicorLatino White,notHispanic
19
Age25andoverwithBachelor’sDegreeorHigherbyRaceandEthnicity
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearestimatesData:http://factfinder.census.gov/
Ontheotherendofeducationalattainmentarethosewithabachelor’sdegreeorhigher.Currentbestestimatesplacemetroareawhitesage25andoverat28percent,aboutevenwiththestateandlowerthanthenationalaverageof35percentforthiscategory.About15percentofAfricanAmericanadultsintheareaholdabachelor’sdegreeorhigher,evenwiththestatelevelbutbelowthenationalaverageof21percent.Latinosareinthemiddleat17percent,evenwiththestateaverageandhigherthanthenationalaverageforthisgroup(15percent).Allarerising.
Thesedisparitiesculminateingenerallydifferentworklives,onaverage,fortheadultsindifferentracegroups.Thiscanberepresentedbytheoccupationaldistributionofthecivilianemployedpopulationage16yearsandover.Mostoftheoccupationsheldbythemiddleclassesareprofessionaloradministrativeandarecapturedinthebroadoccupationalclassificationofmanagement,business,science,andartsoccupations.8Medianannualearningsfortheseoccupationsinthemetroareaare$48,130.Thisisaboutone-thirdhigherthanthenexthighestcategory.Thefourotherbroadclassificationsandtheir2017medianearningsare:serviceoccupations($16,803);salesandofficeoccupations($25,340);naturalresources,construction,andmaintenanceoccupations($36,086);andproduction,transportation,andmaterialmovingoccupations($30,834).
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2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
BlackorAfricanAmerican HispanicorLatino White,notHispanic
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Age16andoverinManagement,Business,Science,andArtsOccupationsbyRaceandEthnicity
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearestimatesData:http://factfinder.census.gov/
Thepercentageofemployedwhitesage16andoverinthesejobsis40percent,slightlyhigherthanthestatelevelandslightlylowerthanthenationallevelforthisgroup(38percentand42percent).Thisisnearlydoubletheshareofemployednonwhitesinthesejobs.About23percentofmetroareaemployedAfricanAmericansworkintheseoccupations,verynearthestatelevelof24percentandlessthanthenationallevelof29percentforthisgroup.Similarly,about26percentofLatinosareintheseoccupations,higherthanboththestateandnationallevelsforthisgroup(22percentand21percent).Whereas2outof5whiteworkersareemployedinthesejobs,theratiosforAfricanAmericansandLatinosarecloserto1in4.
Americanshaveapenchantforaddressingsocialproblemsthroughvolunteerismandcharitablegiving.Longagointhe1830s,theFrencharistocratAlexisdeTocquevillevisitedtheUnitedStates—therewere24statesatthetime—onassignmentfromhisgovernment.9ThoughTocquevilleatfirstdoubtedtheabilityofthemiddleclassestoeffectivelygovernasociety,heobservedthisinpersonandattributedittoahighlevelofcivicengagementandpracticalintelligence.StepForwarddependsheavilyonthecreativityandengagementofstakeholdersandthecommunitytoaddresstheimportantlocalissuesoftoday.Inthepagesbelow,weaimtosharetheprogressthecommunityhasmadeandthechallengesthatremain.
0% 5%
10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
BlackorAfricanAmerican HispanicorLatino White,notHispanic
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EARLYCHILDHOOD
Beingreadyforkindergartenallowschildrentobeabletotakefulladvantageoftheeducationalopportunitiesavailabletothem.Thisdecade,morethanhalfofincomingkindergartenersinthemetroarealackedtheletterandnumberawareness,understanding,andfluencyexpectedofstudentsatthisgradeleveluponschoolentry.Thismeansthatabout3,1505-yearoldsinthemetroarea,onaverageeachyear,werenotpreparedwhentheybeganschoolinthefall.Thisfigurehadbeengrowingrecently,butisnowbeginningtodeclineasschoolreadinessimproves.In2018,about3,110students(58.8percent)wereunpreparedtobegintheirformaleducations.Notlongagothismeasurewasnear50percent(2012).Therecentimprovementfrom37percentto41percentkindergarten-readyispromising.A1percentincreaseinthismeasurewouldrepresentabout53students.Byincreasingkindergartenreadiness1percentperyear,thecommunitycangetbackontrackandreach43percentbytheyear2020.Thestateaveragein2017is50percent.
KindergartenReadiness
LouisianaDepartmentofEducation,author’scalculationofmetroareaannualaveragesbasedondistrictlevelfallDIBELSoralternativeassessmentscoresweightedbydistrictkindergartenenrollmentData:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center
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3to4YearOldsEnrolledinSchool
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearestimatesData:http://factfinder.census.gov/
Childrendonotdevelopnaturallyintoschool-readystudents;thenecessarylanguage,literacy,andnumeracyskillsmustbelearnedininteractionwithothers.Higherpreschoolenrollmentwouldhaveapositiveimpactonkindergartenreadinesscommunity-wide.Thisisalsotrueofthestateandthecountry,whichhaveaboutthesamelevelofpreschoolenrollmentastheShreveport-BossierCitymetroarea.Afterfallingforseveralyears,themetroarearateofenrollmentfor3and4yearoldsisnowrising.
AccordingtothemostrecentdatafromtheCensus,abouthalfofmetroarea3and4-year-oldsareenrolledinschool.Thisamountstosome3,000childreneachyearwhoarenotinteractingwithothersinastructurededucationalsettingduringtheyearprecedingtheirenrollmentinkindergarten.10ThefigureabovepresentsestimatesusingdatacollectedfrommetroarearesidentsbytheAmericanCommunitySurvey,administeredbytheCensusBureau.Thefigurealsopresentstheseresultsforthestate(51.2percent)andthecountry(47.5percent).A1percentincreaseinthismeasurerepresentsabout125childrenage3to4years.At1percentperyear,thecommunitycanreach53percentby2020.
44% 45% 46% 47% 48% 49% 50% 51% 52% 53% 54% 55%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
MetroArea State U.S.
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Age3andoverEnrolledinNurserySchool,PreschoolbyRace
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearestimatesData:http://factfinder.census.gov/
About7,600childrenage3andoverareenrolledinnurseryschoolorpreschoolinthearea.Theincreaseinnumberfrom2012to2013islikelyduetotheuniversalpre-KprograminDeSotoParishthatbeganaround2011.11ThebenefitstoKindergartenReadinessinDeSotowerebeingfeltby2013,thoughtheyarenotobservableinthemetroenrollmentpercentagesinthefigureabovebecausetheyareweightedagainstthelargerparishes.Disaggregatingenrollmentbyraceandethnicityshows3,230AfricanAmericanchildren,240HispanicorLatinochildren,andabout3,660whitechildrenenrolledinnurseryschoolorpreschoolin2017.Thisamountstolessthanone-thirdofHispanicorLatinochildren(30percent),morethanhalfofAfricanAmericanchildren(58percent),andjustovertwo-thirdsofwhitechildreninthe3to4yearsagerange.12
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NumberofLicensedEarlyLearning(DayCare)CentersbyType
TheAnnieE.CaseyFoundationKidsCountDataCenter,LouisianaDepartmentofChildrenandFamilyServicesData:https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data#LA/5/0/char/0
ThestateofLouisianadefinesaChildDayCareCenterasanyfacilitythatprovidescareto7ormorechildrenonaregularbasisforatleast12.5hoursaweek.13SometypesoffacilitiesareexemptfromLouisianaDepartmentofEducationlicensingregulations,suchasprivateorpublicdayschoolsoperatingprekindergartenorkindergartenprogramsandcertifiedMontessorischools.Therestarerepresentedinthechartabove.Afterdecliningforseveralyears,thetotalnumberisnowrising.Abouttwo-thirdsofthesecentersin2017and2018areType3,whichmakesthemeligibletoreceivemostsourcesofgovernmentfundingforearlylearningcenters.14
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PubliclyFundedEarlyChildhoodProgramsbyDomainRating
LouisianaDepartmentofEducation,author’scalculationofmetroareaannualaveragesbasedonparishlevelEarlyChildhoodProgramscoresweightedbynumberofsitesData:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center
In2018,thestateofLouisianabeganreportingearlychildhoodprogramperformancesummarydataontheDepartmentofEducationinformationsite,louisianabelieves.com.Thetotalnumberofstate-ratedearlychildhoodprogramsitesinmetroareaparishesincreasedfrom122in2017to127in2018,andthepubliclyfundedenrolledstudentcountincreasedfrom5,110to5,457.Thisisabout18percentoftheestimated30,350childrenunder5yearsinthemetroarea.NotallnurseryschoolandpreschoolstudentsareenrolledinpubliclyfundedearlychildhoodprogramsandthisisreflectedinthelargerstudentcountsreportedintheACSestimatesabove.Inthesecondyearofreporting,82areasiteshaveanoverallrating(outof120soscored,or69percent)ofproficientorabove,andaveragescoresformetroareacentersincreasedinallcategories.
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PretermBirths
TheAnnieE.CaseyFoundationKidsCountDataCenter,CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,NationalCenterforHealthStatisticsData:https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data#LA/5/0/char/0
Pretermisdefinedaslessthan37completedweeksofpregnancy.Inadditiontoincreasingtheriskofbreathing,feeding,vision,andhearingproblems,outcomesforpretermbirthscanalsoincludedevelopmentaldelay.15Thisdoesnotmeanthateachindividualwhoisbornpretermwillfallshortintheclassroom.Itdoesmeanthatagroup-leveltendencycomparedtofull-termpeersforpoorerperformancedoesexist.Inthemostrecentyearavailable(2016),about16percentofbirths,964,werepreterm.Thisisdownfromalmost16.5percent,1,043births,in2015.Thecurrentlevelforthestateis12.6percent,andforthenationis11percent.
Themetroarea’srelativelyhighrateofbirthsthatarepretermmaybeoneofmanysourceswhichcontributestothelackofacademicpreparednessingradeschoolandbeyond.Somepretermbirthsarenotpreventable,butothersare.Loweringtheteenagefertilityrate,reducingtobaccouseandsubstanceabuse,andincreasingtheuseofprenatalcarearewaysthatthemetroareacanimprovethisoutcome.
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Age5andunderBelowPovertyLevel
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearestimatesData:http://factfinder.census.gov/
Onedrivingforcebehindlaggingchildhealthandeducationoutcomesinthemetroareaisthepersistentlyhighlevelsofchildpoverty.Afterfallingfrom2009to2013,theannualrateofchildpovertyintheareahasbeenrisingeachyearsince2014.About13,200childrenunderage6(36percent)liveinfamilieswithannualincomesbelowtheofficialpovertythreshold.Thisiscurrentlyjustover30percentforthestateofLouisianaand22percentforthecountry,quitehighforadevelopedsocietyintheworldtoday,thoughthenationalrateisimproving.Nochildisdeservingofthiscondition.A1percentdecreaseintheunderage6childpovertyrateforthemetroarearepresentsabout360children,andwithanannualdecreaseof1percentthecommunitycouldsee33percentchildpovertyby2020.
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Age5andunderBelowPovertyLevelbyRaceandEthnicity
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearestimatesData:http://factfinder.census.gov/
Thelargegapinchildpovertybyraceshouldbeconsideredunacceptableandtreatedlikeanyotherhealth-relatedemergency.Large,persistentdisparitiesinlivingstandardsacrosssociodemographicgroupsinasociety,especiallyraceinAmerica,createinequitiesandmayerodethepublictrustininstitutions’abilitiestoservetheirconstituents.Thechildpovertygapinanygivenyearthisdecadeaverages41percentagepointsbetweenAfricanAmericanandnon-Hispanicwhitechildren,thoughitisslightlybelowthisat40pointsin2017(57percentand17percentinpoverty).ThecurrentgapinthemetroareaismuchhigherthanitisintheUnitedStates(27points)andtheSouth(25points).16HispanicorLatinochildrenareinbetweenat35percentinpovertyin2017.ThecurrentgapbetweenHispanicorLatinoandnon-Hispanicwhitechildrenis17.8percentagepoints,aboutthesameasthemetroareaaverageforthedecadeanddownfrom22pointsin2016.ThisisjustbelowthegapbetweenHispanicorLatinoandnon-HispanicwhitechildrenintheUnitedStates(18points)andtheSouth(18.1points).
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2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
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ChildProtectionInvestigationsbyFinding
TheAnnieE.CaseyFoundationKidsCountDataCenter,LouisianaDepartmentofChildrenandFamilyServicesData:https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data#LA/5/0/char/0
In2017,therewere2,328investigationsofchildabuseandneglectinthemetroareaandsurroundingparishes,862ofwhichwerefoundtobevalid.17Thisisdownfrom2,565totalcases,941valid,in2016.InBossierandCaddoalonethe2017totalis1,793with660determinedtobevalid,downfrom2,005totalwith758validin2016.
Oneofthelargeststudiesofchildabuseandneglectfoundthatsuchchildmaltreatmentcanhavelife-longadverseeffects.From1995to1997,KaiserPermanentesurveyedmorethan17,000healthmaintenanceorganizationmembersabouttheirchildhoodexperiencesandcurrenthealthstatusandbehaviors.18ThestudydefinesAdverseChildhoodExperiences(ACEs)asanyofthefollowing:emotionalabuse,physicalabuse,sexualabuse,emotionalneglect,physicalneglect,mothertreatedviolently,householdsubstanceabuse,householdmentalillness,parentalseparationordivorce,andincarceratedhouseholdmember.OftheKaiserstudyparticipants,26percentreportedexperiencingatleast1ACE,and12.5percentreportedfourormore.
NotonlydoesfrequentorprolongedexposuretoACEscreatetoxicstresswhichimpactsachild’sdevelopingbrain,theKaiserstudyfindingsalsoindicatethatthenumberofACEsinchildhoodincreasestheriskfornegativehealthstatusandbehaviorsinadulthoodaswell.19Specifically,thereisagraded“dose-response”inthatastheintensityofthestressorsincreases,sothendoestheoutcome.HighnumbersofACEsinchildhoodispredictiveofpooradultsocial
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andhealthoutcomes,includingdisease,disability,mentalillnessandearlydeath.20Childmaltreatmentandotheradverseexperiencesimpactnotonlychildren’shealthydevelopmentandtheirlateradultwell-being,butalsotheentirecommunityinwhichtheylive.
ChildreninFosterCare
TheAnnieE.CaseyFoundationKidsCountDataCenter,LouisianaDepartmentofChildrenandFamilyServicesData:https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data#LA/5/0/char/0
Childreninfostercareareanothervulnerablepopulationatriskofpoorhealthoutcomesthatcanaffecteducationalexperiencesandthequalityofadulthood.21Thetotalnumberofchildreninfostercareinthemetroareafellto981in2017,or9.2per1,000childrenunderage18,downfrom1,116(or10.4per1,000)in2016.TheseareadjudicatedChildinNeedofCarecases,orcasesofabuseorneglectconfirmedbyjuvenilecourt.
In2016,StepForwarddevelopedanACEinitiativetoraiseawarenessofACEs,promotetrauma-informedresponses,andconnectchildrenandfamiliestoresourcesinthecommunity.AcurrentprojectistoincreasethenumberofACEtrainersavailabletoeducateourcommunity.Inthespringof2017,30ACEeducatorsweretrainedtoprovidepresentationsatnocosttoanygroupororganization.Faithcommunities,K12schools,healthcareandnonprofitsarepartnersinthisinitiative.Thegoalistoprovidechildrenwithprotectivefactors,bothinternalandexternal,thatwillbuildresiliencyandminimizetheadverseeffectsofchildhoodtrauma.
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EARLYLITERACY
Booksinthehomeareimportantfortheliteracydevelopmentofchildren,asisavisiblepatternofreadingandlearningbytheadultsaroundthem.Howchildrenspendtheirtimeathomemaybejustasimportantashowtheyspenditatschool.Morethan20yearsago,BettyHartandToddRisleypresentedresearchfindingsfromtwoandahalfyearsofmonthlyhomeobservationsin42families.22Thisresearchdemonstratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“3omillionwordgap.”Thisisthedifferenceinthetotalnumberofwordsaddressedtochildrenbyagefourinfamilieswithprofessionallyemployedparentscomparedtofamilieswithchildreninlow-incomehouseholds.
Inadditiontothisenormousgapinthequantityofwordsspokentoyoungchildren,HartandRisleyalsofoundadifferenceintheratioofencouragingtodiscouragingfeedbackbetweenthesegroups(6:1inprofessionalfamiliesand1:2inlow-incomefamilies).Thisamountstosome560,000moreinstancesofencouragementthanprohibitioninprofessionalhouseholdsand125,000moreprohibitionsthanencouragementsinlow-incomehouseholdsbyagefour.
ThisimportantresearchisreminiscentofAnderson,WilsonandFielding,whowhenstudyingfifthgradersfoundagapof2.3millionwordsreadperyearoutsideofschool.23Thisgapwasfoundbetweenthoseinthe90thpercentileoftimespentreadingoutsideofschool(40minutesperday)andthoseinthe10thpercentile(lessthantwominutesperday).
Thesetwoclassicsintheeducationalresearchliteratureshowthemagnitudeoftheinterventionsthatarestillnecessaryinordertoprovideequalexperienceinschool,equalopportunityinthelaborforce,andpersonalenrichmentthroughacademicstudyforallyoungpeopleinNorthwestLouisiana.
32
3rdGradeEnglishLanguageArtsProficiency
LouisianaDepartmentofEducation,author’scalculationofmetroannualaveragesbasedondistrictlevelspringLEAPscoresweightedbydistrict3rdgradeenrollmentData:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center
Inthethirdgrade,aroundageeightandwiththreeyearsofformaleducation,studentsareexpectedtotransitionfromlearning-to-readtoreading-to-learn.Thosewhocompletethisshifthaveamuchgreaterchanceofcontinuedsuccessinschool.ThestateassessestheEnglishLanguageArtsproficiencyofstudentsthroughtheLouisianaEducationalAssessmentProgram,giveninthespringingrades3through8.TheshareofNorthwestLouisianametroareathirdgradersatbasic,mastery,oradvancedlevelsisaveragingjustover63percentthisdecade,butfellfrom66.5percentin2017to62percentinthespringof2018.Thisrepresentsabout2,110childrenwhodonotmeetthebasiccriteriainEnglishforastudentfinishingthirdgrade.A1percentincreaseinthismeasurewouldrequire56additionalthirdgradersatbasiclevelorabove.Atanincreaseof1percentperyear,thecommunitycanreach65percentproficiencyby2020.
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MIDDLEGRADESTEM
Practicingmathematicshelpsyoungpeopledevelopimportantskillstheywillneedincollegeandcareerwork.SomeoftheseskillsidentifiedbyCollegeBoardinclude:theabilitytoidentifyandanalyzepatterns,logicandcriticalthinking,theabilitytoseerelationships,andproblemsolving.Agrowingbodyofresearchisdemonstratingthatmathanxietycannegativelyimpacthowstudentsperforminmathcourses,andthatparentalencouragementplaysakeyroleininfluencingachild’slearningexperienceandattitudetowardmath.24
Whilethedirectionoftherelationshipbetweenmathanxietyandlowachievementremainsunclear,researchshowsthatitbeginsinearlyadolescence—preciselythetimestudentsbeginmakingcourse-takingandcareerdecisions.InordertopositionyoungpeopleintheareatobeabletotakeadvantageoflocalcareeropportunitiesintheSTEMdisciplines,StepForwardcreatedanactionteamin2017tofocusonmiddlegrademathandscience.
6thGradeMathProficiency
LouisianaDepartmentofEducation,author’scalculationofmetroareaannualaveragesbasedondistrictlevelspringLEAPscoresweightedbydistrict6thgradeenrollmentData:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center
Currently,about54percentofsixthgradersinthemetroareaareproficientinmathneartheendoftheirfirstyearinmiddleschool,upfrom52percentin2017.Around2,500studentsarenotproficientinmathatthisgradelevel.A1percentincreaseinthismeasurerepresentsabout
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55students,andat1percentperyearthecommunitycanreach56percentproficiencyby2020.Thecurrentstatelevelofmathproficiencyis60percent.
TheUnitedStatesranksfairlylowinmathematicsliteracybasedonresultsfromtheProgramforInternationalStudentAssessment(PISA).ComparedtootherOECDcountriesinthemostrecentyear(2015),theU.S.averagescorefor15-year-oldswaslowerthan36othereducationsystems,andtheU.S.shareof15-year-oldsbelowbaselineproficiency(29percent)washigherthan35othereducationsystems.25,26Perhapsthecauseoflowachievementinthemetroarea,thestate,andthenationhastodowithlowlevelsofparentalandcommunityengagement;perhapsitisacultureofeducationalcomplacencyandlowexpectationspermeatingAmericansociety;orperhapsitistheeducationsystemitself,andaweakmathcurriculum,thathasbeenunabletoinspirestudents.27Whateverthecauses,wecanallbepartofthesolutionbydiscardingfalsenotionsthatonlysomepeoplehaveamathematicalmindandthatmathisunrelatedtoourlives.28
6thGradeScienceProficiency
LouisianaDepartmentofEducation,author’scalculationofmetroareaannualaveragesbasedondistrictlevelspringLEAPscoresweightedbydistrict6thgradeenrollmentData:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center
Scienceisthepreferredformofknowledgecreationinthemodernera,betterthanreceivedwisdomorcommonsenseataddressingmostoftoday’schallenges.Thismethodofworkingthroughproblemssystematicallyisnotautomaticandmustbedevelopedthroughdeliberate
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study.Allyoungpeopleneedexposuretothistypeofthinkinginordertorefinetheirhumanintuition,andtheeconomicfuturesoftheirfamiliesandthelargercommunitydependonit.
Metroareascienceproficiencyinthesixthgradeisunchangedfrom2017becausethestatedidnotpublishscienceassessmentscoresfor2018.Scienceproficiencyinthemetroarearemainsat62percent,thesameastheareaaverageforthisdecade.Thestatelevelremainsat66percent.About2,000studentsarenotproficientinscienceatthisgradelevel.A1percentincreaseinthismeasurerepresentsabout55students,andincreasing1percentperyearwouldbringscienceproficiencyto65percentby2020.
ComputerProgrammers,SoftwareDevelopers,andWebDevelopersbyAge
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearPUMSestimates,author’scalculationData:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/pums.html
CodingjobsgenerallyincludeoccupationsclassifiedbytheSOCsystemundercomputerprogrammer,softwaredeveloper,andwebdeveloper.29Theestimatednumberofciviliansemployedinthesejobsintheareahasgrownfromalmost300in2010toalmost800in2017.Theshareofthesejobsheldbyyoungerpeopleisalsorising.Onlyabout20percentofcodingjobswenttoworkersunderage40in2010;by2015theirsharegrewtoover60percent.
About70percentofindividualsintheseoccupationsinthemetroareahaveanassociate’sdegreeorabove.Withastrongbackgroundinmathandscience,youngpeopleinthearea
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todaycandevelopthenecessaryskillstoattractSTEMbusinessestoNorthwestLouisiana,orbetterstill,createthemhereontheirown.
AllComputerandMathematicalOccupationsbyAge
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearPUMSestimates,author’scalculationData:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/pums.html
ThecodingjobsdiscussedaboveareincludedinthebroaderoccupationalcategoryofComputerandMathematicaloccupations,whichalsoincludesjobssuchascomputersystemsanalysts,computersupportspecialists,andnetworkandcomputersystemsadministrators.Currently,morethan2,800metroareaciviliansareemployedinthisoccupationalcategory.30Employmentintheseoccupationshasbeengrowingbuthasnotbeengettingyounger.Unlikethecodingjobsabove,thecurrent58percentofworkersunderage40isaboutthesameastheaveragethisdecadeof60percent.However,thenumberofyoungerpeopleintheseoccupationscontinuestogroweachyearandreachedover1,600in2017.
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GRADUATIONANDCITIZENSHIP
Whenindividualsageintotheteenageyears,theybegintoexperiencemorepersonalfreedombymakingmoredecisionsforthemselves.Mostyoungpeoplegenerallymakegooddecisions.However,adolescentdecisionmakingcanbeshort-sighted,impactingeducationandlifeoutcomes.Thissectionwillpresentindicatorsofteenageidleness,delinquency,andchildbearinginthemetroarea,mostofwhichareimproving.TrendsinACTscoresandcohortgraduationrateswillalsobepresented.
Age16to19Idleness
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearestimatesData:http://factfinder.census.gov/
Thosewhodropoutofhighschoolforreasonsotherthanpaidworkarelikelytobecomeidle–notinschoolandnotinthelaborforce.Someteenagerswhoareidleandnotinvolvedinafamilyactivitysuchascaringforaninfantoranagingrelativemaybeatriskfordelinquentbehavior.About2,000metroarearesidentsage16to19yearsareidle,about9percentofthisagecategory,downfrom10percentin2016.Thisfigureisstillalmostdoublethenationalaverageof4.8percent,butitcontinuestofallfromitspeakof11percentin2015.
MostofthisdeclineisduetofallingidlenessamongAfricanAmericanyouth,whichisdownfivepercentagepointssince2015.In2016,threetimesasmanyAfricanAmericanyouthwereidlecomparedtotheirwhitepeers.Thisfelltotwotimesasmanyin2017,themostrecentyearof
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data.EstimatesofHispanicorLatinoyouthidlenesshavefluctuatedquiteabitthisdecade,from9percentto1percentto7percentof16to19-year-olds.Thisisprobablyduetothesmallsamplesize,eveninthemorereliableACS5-yearestimates.31Evenasthesecondlargestminoritypopulationinthemetroarea,residentsofHispanicorLatinooriginrepresentjust4percentofthetotalpopulation.
Age16to19IdlenessbyRaceandEthnicity
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearestimatesData:http://factfinder.census.gov/
Reducingtheoverallrateofidlenessby1percentrequires230feweridleteenagers,andat1percentperyearthecommunitycansee6percentidlenessby2020.Evenatthecurrentlevelofidleness,morethan20,000youngpeopleinthisagerangeareeitherinschooloremployed,orboth.
Truancyandidlenesscancreatetheconditionsthatsometimesresultinyouthcriminalactivity.TheShreveportPoliceDepartmentparticipatesintheFBIUniformCrimeReportingprogram(UCR)throughtheLouisianaCommissiononLawEnforcement,andreleasesdetailedarrestandotherstatisticsannuallytothepublicthroughtheshreveportla.govwebsite.Ofcourse,notallcrimesendinanarrestandnotallcrimesarereportedtothepolice.Althoughcrimeratesaregenerallylowerthesedayscomparedtothe2000s(currentmetroarearatesper100,000are607violent/3,832propertycrimesin2017comparedtoratesof1,124violent/4,579propertycrimesin2007),andhalfofwhattheywereinthepeakyearsofthelate1980sandearly1990s,
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thecommunityshouldcontinuetobuilduponpastsuccessandworktowardreducingthemfurther.32
Age17andunderShreveportPoliceDepartmentArrestsforTheftandAssault
ShreveportPoliceDepartmentData:https://www.shreveportla.gov/426/Crime-Reports
ArrestsandsummonsesissuedbytheShreveportPoliceDepartmentareclassifiedperUCRguidelinesaccordingtothetypeofcrimecommitted.Index,orpart1,crimesincludetheeightcrimetypesthatareusedtocreatetheFBI’sannualcrimeindex.33Thesecrimesincludeseriousviolentcrimes(murder,rape,robbery,andaggravatedassault)andseveraltypesoftheft(larceny,burglary,andautomobile).34Allotherlawenforcementagenciesinthemetroareaeitherdonotreleasedetailedannualcrimereportstothepublicordonotreportcrimestatisticsbyagecategory.Ofthe512totalarrestsforindexcrimeviolationsofindividualsage17andunderin2017,312(61percent)wereforlarceny-theft,orcommonstealing.Thisrepresentsanincreaseof60theftsfromthepreviousyearandadecreaseof21percentsince2012.Reducingthisby3percentperyearwouldbringjuvenilearrestsfortheftdownto285by2020.
Allotherarrestsofpersonsage17andunderarefornon-indexcrimes.Thesecrimetypesaccountforthemajorityofalldelinquency(68percentin2017)anddonotincludeanyoftheseriousviolentcrimesgreatlyfearedbythepublic.Themostcommoncrimetypeinthiscategoryis“otherassault,”accountingfor56percentofthesearrests.Muchofitislikely
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ordinaryfighting.TheShreveportPoliceDepartmentreports594sucharrestsforage17andunderin2017,representingadeclineofabout17percentfromthepreviousyear.Areductionof3percentperyearwouldbringthisdownto542by2020.
ShreveportPoliceDepartmentCallsforService:JuvenileComplaint
ShreveportPoliceDepartmentData:https://www.shreveportla.gov/426/Crime-Reports
CallsforserviceinvolvingjuvenilecomplaintstotheShreveportPoliceDepartmentaredownabout1percentfromthepreviousyear.About4,000suchcallsweremadein2017,down27percentfromtherecenthighof5,486in2012.Theaverageforthedecadeis4,732,about2percentoftotalannualcallsforservice.Areductionof3percentperyearwouldbringthisto3,653callsby2020.
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YouthundertheSupervisionoftheOfficeofJuvenileJusticeorCaddoParishJuvenileDetentionCenterIntake
TheAnnieE.CaseyFoundationKidsCountDataCenter;CaddoParishJuvenileServicesData:https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data#LA/5/0/char/0;specialcorrespondencewithCPJS
ThenumberofyouthunderthesupervisionoftheLouisianaOfficeofJuvenileJusticefellineachmetroareaparishinthemostrecentyear,toatotalof677in2017.Thistotalincludesyoutheitherinsecureornon-securecustodyaswellasthoseundersupervisionintheformofprobationorparole.AddingtothisyouthtakentotheCaddoParishJuvenileDetentionCenterbyanofficer(thoughnotnecessarilyheldpendingtrial)bringsthecurrenttotalto1,087.Thisisequaltoametroarearateof19.2per1,000youthage10to19,orjustunder2percent.Youthintheadultcriminaljusticesystemarenotincludedinthesetotals.Thecurrenttotalisdownabout70youthfromthepreviousyearanddown23percentsince2011.Areductionof3percentperyearwouldbringthetotaltounder1,000by2020.
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1,400
1,600
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Count Rateper1,000age10to19
42
MetroAreaFertilityCountsandRatesper1,000FemalesAge15to19
TheAnnieE.CaseyFoundationKidsCountDataCenter,CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,NationalCenterforHealthStatisticsData:https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data#LA/5/0/char/0
Thefertilityrateisameasureoftheincidenceofchildbearinginapopulation.Therateofbirthstowomenage15to19intheUnitedStateshasdeclined79percentsince1957,fromahighof96per1,000(thepeakoftheBabyBoom)to22per1,000in2016.Accesstoeffectivecontraceptionandchangingsocialconditionsforwomenexplainmuchofthedeclineinthismeasureovertime.Althoughthemetroarearateis58percenthigherthanthenationalrateand4percenthigherthanthestaterate,ithasdeclined50percentfrom2009.Thecurrent(2016)rateofteenagefertilityinthefour-parishmetroareais31.6per1,000.35Birthstoteenagemothersdeclinedmorethan7percentperyearduringthepastdecade,andifthiscontinues,thecommunitycanseeteenbirthsbelowthe2014nationallevelby2020.
0
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40
50
60
70
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
MetroAreaCount MetroAreaRate StateRate U.S.Rate
43
CaddoandBossierParishFertilityRatesper1,000FemalesAge15to19byRaceandEthnicity
CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,WONDERData:https://wonder.cdc.gov/natality.html
Disaggregatingteenagefertilityratesbyraceandethnicityshowsasteepdeclineinminoritychildbearing,almost47percentforAfricanAmericansinCaddoParishsince2007.36Thedeclinehasalsobeensteep,almost62percent,forwhitesinCaddoParish.Thesedeclinesaresimilartothoseexperiencedbythestate(52percentforAfricanAmericansand47percentforwhites)andthenation(57and54percent)duringthistimeperiod.ThedeclineforteenagewomenofHispanicorLatinoorigininthemetroareahasbeenamoremodest8percent,butthetotalnumberofbirthstothiscategoryislow,averaging9birthsperyearsince2007.Thesedeclinesforthestateandnationare25and62percent.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
BossierBlk/AfrAmr BossierHsp/Ltn BossierNHWhite
CaddoBlk/AfrAmr CaddoHsp/Ltn CaddoNHWhite
44
CaddoandBossierParishBlackorAfricanAmericanFertilityRatesper1,000FemalesAge15to19
CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,WONDERData:https://wonder.cdc.gov/natality.html
CaddoandBossierParishHispanicorLatinoFertilityRatesper1,000FemalesAge15to19
CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,WONDERData:https://wonder.cdc.gov/natality.html
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
BossierBlk/AfrAmr CaddoBlk/AfrAmr
StateBlk/AfrAmr U.S.Blk/AfrAmr
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
BossierHsp/Ltn CaddoHsp/Ltn StateHsp/Ltn U.S.Hsp/Ltn
45
AverageACTCompositeScore
LouisianaDepartmentofEducation,author’scalculationofmetroannualaveragesbasedonparish-levelACTdataweightedbycountofstudentstested(through2016)or11thgradefallenrollment(2017tocurrent)Data:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center;http://www.act.org/content/act/en/newsroom.html
Beginningin2013,thestateDepartmentofEducationnowrequiresallhighschooljuniorstotaketheACT.ThedeclineintheaverageACTscoreofthatyearrepresentstheadditionofscoresfromstudentswhowouldnototherwisetakethetest.Sincethen,themetroaveragescoreimprovedeachyearuntiladeclineofhalfapointinthemostrecentyear,from19.8in2017to19.3in2018(meetingthestateaverage).ThestateandthenationasawholealsoexperiencedaverageACTscoredeclinesin2018.Withanincreaseof1percentperyear,themetroareacanreachanaverageof20inyear2021,andthelongtermnationalaverageof21by2026.EligibilityforawardsfromTOPS(TaylorOpportunityProgramforStudents),nowinits21styear,beginatanACTscoreof17(TOPSTech).
17.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
19.5
20.0
20.5
21.0
21.5
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
MetroArea State U.S.
46
AverageACTCompositeScore,BlackorAfricanAmerican
LouisianaDepartmentofEducation,author’scalculationofmetroareaannualaveragesbasedonparish-levelACTdataweightedbyfallAfricanAmericanenrollment,allgradesData:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center;http://www.act.org/content/act/en/newsroom.html
DisaggregatingaverageACTscoresbyraceshowsthatscoresforAfricanAmericansincreasedeachyearforfouryearsafter2013to17.4beforefallingto16.9in2018.ThegapbetweenthemetroareaaverageforallstudentsandforAfricanAmericanstudentsaverages2.3pointsthisdecade.ThecurrentmetroareaaverageisequaltothenationalaverageforAfricanAmericansandslightlybelowthestateaverageof17.3forthisgroup.Increasingtheaveragebyabout1percentperyearwouldbringtheaveragescoreto18by2024and19by2030.
In2013,researchersatMichiganandTexasA&Mlookedatreasonsforhighschooldropoutoverthepasthalfcenturyinacomparativeanalysisofsevennationallyrepresentativestudies.37Fromthe1950sthroughthe1980sstudentsreportedmostoftenthattheywerepulledawayfromschool,oftenbyworkorfamily(60percentin1955).Inthemostrecentstudy,theseandother“pull”factorswerethecausefordropoutforonly37percentofthosewholeftschool.Thetopthreerankedreasonswere:“missedtoomanydaysofschool”(43percent),“thoughtitwouldbeeasiertogetaGED”(40percent),and“wasgettingpoorgrades/failingschool”(38percent).Thissuggeststhatreasonsfordropoutarenolongerprimarilyrelatedtoworkandfamily,butareincreasinglyrelatedtopoliciesorstudentdisinterest(labeled“push”factorsand“fallout”factors).
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
MetroAreaBlackorAfricanAmerican MetroAreaAverage
StateBlackorAfricanAmerican U.S.BlackorAfricanAmerican
47
DropoutCountandRate
LouisianaDepartmentofEducation,author’scalculationofmetroareaweightedaveragesData:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center
Thetotalgrade9to12dropoutcountreportedtothestatebythefourmetroareaparishschooldistrictsin2018is670,downfrom725inthepreviousyear.Thisrepresentsabout3percentofthetotalnumberofstudentsenrolledatthebeginningoftheschoolyear(21,357infall2017).Thenumberofmetroareahighschooldropoutscontinuestodecreasealmosteveryyear,andhasdeclined60percentfrom1,647in2008.Oncehigherthanthestate,themetroareahighschooldropoutrateisnowalmost1fullpercentagepointlower.Thiscontinuestobeapromisingdevelopmentforthearea’shighschools.
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
MetroAreaCount MetroAreaPercent StatePercent
48
CohortGraduationRate
LouisianaDepartmentofEducation,author’scalculationofmetroareaannualaveragesbasedonparish-levelgraduationdataweightedbyparish12thgradefallenrollmentData:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center;http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/
ThemostrecentdatafromthestateDepartmentofEducationshowsametroareacohortgraduationrateof78.3percent,essentiallyunchangedfrom78.4percentinthepreviousyear.ThecurrentrateisaboutequaltotheU.S.overallin2010.Thisisupquiteabitfromtherecentmetroarealowof65percentin2010,andisslightlyhigherthanthecurrentstateaverageof78.1percent.Thetotalnumberofhighschoolgraduatesin2017,4,287,isupfromthetotalof4,011inthepreviousyear.Or,using9thgradeenrollmentnumbersfromfouryearsprior,anestimated4,541youngpeoplegraduatedhighschoolontimeinthemetroareainthespringof2017.38About1,250didnotgraduateontime;however,thereisnodatatoindicatethenumberoflategraduatesorthosewhowillgoontoearnanequivalency.A1percentincreaseinthisraterequiresabout64additionalgraduates,andat1percentperyearthecommunitycanreach81percentby2020andthecurrentnationalrateof84percentby2023.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
MetroArea State U.S.
49
CohortGraduationRatebyRaceandEthnicity
LouisianaDepartmentofEducation,author’scalculationofmetroareaannualaveragesbasedonparish-levelgraduationdataweightedbysubgrouppercentofpopulation39Data:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center;http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/
Thestaterecentlybeganreportingcohortgraduationratesbyraceandethnicity,nowavailablefor2016and2017.ThemostrecentcohortgraduationrateforAfricanAmericanstudentsis72percent,down1.5percentagepointsfromthepreviousyearandaboutevenwiththestateaverage.TherateforHispanicorLatinostudentsis84percent,up2pointsfromthepreviousyearandwellaboveboththestateaverageoftwo-thirdsandthe2016nationalaverageof76percent.Theratefornon-Hispanicwhitestudentsis83percent,uphalfof1pointandaboutevenwiththestaterateforthisgroup.Nationalcohortgraduationratesfor2017arenotyetavailable.
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
MetroArea
State
U.S.
MetroArea
State
U.S.
MetroArea
State
U.S.
Blacko
rAfric
an
American
Hispan
icor
Latin
oWhite,not
Hispan
ic
2016 2017
50
WORKFORCEDEVELOPMENT
Theknowledge,skills,andabilitiesneededforeconomicsuccesstodaymustbedevelopedovermanyyearsinthehome,intheschool,andintheworkplace.Throughtheseinteractionswithothersanindividualbuildsuphumancapital,andsomeofthisbecomesrepresentedbyformaleducationalcredentials.StepForwardkeepsa“cradletocareer”orientation,andworkforcedevelopmentisafinalstepinthelinkedprocessofchildandyouthdevelopmentinpreparationforsuccessincollegeandcareer.Humancapitalformationisessentialtoworkforcedevelopment.40A2-yearor4-yearcollegedegreeisanimportantmilestoneforanincreasingshareofthelaborforce,andthefirststeponthispathisenrollinginpostsecondaryschool.
Theannualpercentageofhighschoolcompleterswhoenrollin2-or4-yearcollegesinthefallimmediatelyfollowinghighschoolcompletioniscapturedbytheImmediateCollegeEnrollmentRate.ThemetroareaandstatenumbersreportedherearebasedonLouisianaDepartmentofEducationStudentInformationSystemgraduationdataandNationalStudentClearinghousecollegeenrollmentdata.41,42Thesemetroareaandstatenumbersincludeonlypublichighschoolgraduates.TheU.S.numbersarebasedonCurrentPopulationSurvey(CPS)datacollectedbytheCensusBureauandreportedbytheNationalCenteronEducationStatistics.43
ImmediateCollegeEnrollmentRate
LouisianaDepartmentofEducation;NationalCenterforEducationStatisticsData:https://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center;https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cpa.asp
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
MetroArea State U.S.
MetroArea2yr State2yr U.S.2yr
51
Inthefallof2017,about2,650metrohighschoolgraduatesfromthespringofthatyearenrolledin2-or4-yearcollegesintheU.S.(about90percentenrolledinaLouisianacollegeoruniversity).Thisrepresents62percentofallmetroareapublichighschoolgraduates,up1percentfromthepreviousyearand2pointshigherthanthemetroareaaveragethisdecade.Theimmediatecollegeenrollmentrateforthestateis58percentandfortheU.S.is67percent.Ofthosemetroarearesidentswhoenrolledimmediatelyafterhighschoolcompletion,38percentchosea2-yearcollege,comparedto29percentinthestateand23percentinthenation.Thatsuchacomparativelylargeshareofhighschoolgraduatesarechoosing2-yearcollegesreflectstheimportanceoftheseschoolstotheregionaleconomy.
ImmediateCollegeEnrollmentRatebyRace
LouisianaDepartmentofEducation;NationalCenterforEducationStatisticsData:https://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center;https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cpa.asp
Thestaterecentlybeganreportingtheimmediatecollegeenrollmentratebyrace,nowavailablefor2016and2017.Thisinformationisnotdisaggregatedbyethnicity,sodataonmetroarearesidentsofHispanicorLatinooriginisnotavailable.ThemetroarearateforAfricanAmericanstudentsincreasedto58percentin2017,higherthanthestateaverageand1percentagepointbelowthenationalaverageforthisgroup.Themetroarearateforwhitestudentsdeclinedto66percent,nowinbetweenthestateandnationalaveragesof61and69percent.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
MetroArea
State
U.S.
MetroArea
State
U.S.
Blacko
rAfrican
Am
erican
White
2016 2017
52
Age18to24EnrolledinCollegeorGraduateSchool
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearestimatesData:http://factfinder.census.gov/
Manyhighschoolgraduateswhodonotenrollincollegegodirectlyintothelaborforce.Someenrollincollegelater.Othersdobothstraightoutofhighschoolandworkwhiletheyareenrolledincollegecourses.Currently,ofallmetroresidentsage18to24,25percentareenrolledinpostsecondaryschool,about10,100ofthe40,190personsinthisagerange.Thisisfairlylowcomparedtothestate(37percent)andthecountry(43percent),andthepost-recessionenrollmentboomisoverandgone.A1percentagepointincreaseinpostsecondaryenrollmentwouldrepresentabout400individuals.Atanincreaseof1percentperyear,thecommunitycansee28percentofthisgroupincollegeby2020.
About2,000morewomenthanmeninthisagerangeareenrolledincollege,orabout31percentofareawomenandabout20percentofareamen.Theshareofmetroareameninthisagerangeenrollingincollegehasdeclinedfromahighof25percentin2014.Currently,thereareabouttwo-thirdsasmanymenaswomeninthisagerangeenrolledincollege,belowtheaverageof69percentthisdecade.
0% 5%
10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
MetroArea State U.S.
53
Age18to24EnrolledinCollegeorGraduateSchoolbyGender
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearestimatesData:http://factfinder.census.gov/
Age24andunderPublicCollegeFallEnrollment
LouisianaBoardofRegents;LouisianaCommunityandTechnicalCollegeSystemData:http://www.regents.la.gov/page/data-and-publications;specialcorrespondencewithLCTCS
0% 5%
10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
MetroAreaFemale StateFemale U.S.Female
MetroAreaMale StateMale U.S.Male
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
BPCC,NWLTC,SUSLA LSUS,LSUHSC
54
Everyonestandstobenefitagreatdealbyencouragingyoungpeopletopursueeducationbeyondhighschool,andthe2-yearcollegesareoneofthestrengthsofthearea.Manyofthejobsthatwillbecreatedinthisregionoverthenextdecadewillrequirethedegreesandcertificatesconferredbytheseinstitutions.44AccordingtothemostrecentdatacompiledbytheLouisianaBoardofRegents,5,585studentsage24andunderareenrolledinthethree2-yearcollegesinthearea(BossierParishCommunityCollege,NorthwestLouisianaTechnicalCollege,andSouthernUniversityinShreveport).45Anadditional2,640studentsunder25areenrolledatLSUSandLSUHSC,forametroareatotalof8,225.Thisisa7percentdeclineoverthepreviousyearanda21percentdeclinefrom2012.Therateofaverageannualgrowthsince2012isaboutnegative4percent.Sincepeakingat10,601in2014,thisfigurehasfallentoitslowestlevelthisdecade.With1percentgrowthperyear,thecommunitycouldsee8,390studentsenrolledinthefallof2020.
Age24andunderPublicCollegeFallEnrollmentbyRace
LouisianaBoardofRegents;LouisianaCommunityandTechnicalCollegeSystemData:http://www.regents.la.gov/page/data-and-publications;specialcorrespondencewithLCTCS
Lookingatage24andundercollegeenrollmentbyraceshowsaboutevennumbersofAfricanAmericansandwhitesenrolledatareapubliccollegesinthefallof2018.Attwoyearcollegesalonethereareabout45percentmoreAfricanAmericanthanwhitestudentsenrolled.Since2014,abanneryearforarea2-yearcolleges,thisagegroup’senrollmenttotalinallpubliccollegeshasfallen27percentforAfricanAmericans,22percentforwhites,and10percentfor
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
BlackorAfricanAmerican White Other
55
allothers.Between2017and2018,AfricanAmericanenrollmentforthisagecategoryfell14percent,whiteenrollmentfell4percent,andtheenrollmentofallothersincreasedby3percent.AfricanAmericanenrollmentisnowunder3,400studentsafteraveragingabout4,000peryearthisdecade.IncreasingAfricanAmericanenrollmentby3percentperyearwillbringthisgroupbackupto4,476,thehighesttotalthisdecade,by2028.
PublicCollegeDegreesandCertificatesAwarded
LouisianaBoardofRegents;LouisianaCommunityandTechnicalCollegeSystemData:http://www.regents.la.gov/page/data-and-publications;specialcorrespondencewithLCTCS
Thetotalnumberofdegreesandcertificatesawardedbythepubliccollegesinthemetroareafellinthe2017-18academicyearto3,314,down100credentialsfromthepreviousyear.Thistotalincludespostgraduatedegrees,bachelor’sdegrees,associate’sdegreesandvariousdiplomasandcertificatesofferedbythesecolleges.AlthoughthetotalforLSUSgrewbyonethirdoverthepreviousyeartomorethan1,300,thetotalforthe2-yearcollegesfellby20percent.Thecurrenttotalislargerthanboththe2014-15and2015-16academicyears.
Thecurrentandprioryeartotalsinthisreportnowalsoincludetheshort-termTechnicalCompetencyArea(TCA)credentialsearnedbygraduatesofNorthwestLouisianaTechnicalCollegeinShreveport.46TheTCAisgenerallya30credithourcredential(associate’sdegreesreflect60credithoursofcoursework,and120forabachelor’s)andwillbereplacedbytheCareerandTechnicalCertificateincomingyears.Thesenewcountswillbeavailablethrough
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
BPCC,NWLTC,SUSLA LSUS,LSUHSC
56
theLouisianaBoardofRegentsandwillbereportedhereinfutureeditions.Thesecertificatesareaccreditedcredentialsthatfocusonworkforcedevelopment—theyaredesignedtofittheneedsoftheindustriesintheregion.47
PublicCollegeDegreesandCertificatesAwardedbyRace
LouisianaBoardofRegents;LouisianaCommunityandTechnicalCollegeSystemData:http://www.regents.la.gov/page/data-and-publications;specialcorrespondencewithLCTCS
AfricanAmericancollegegraduatesearnedonaverageabout70percentasmanycredentialsaswhitegraduateseachyearthisdecade.At2-yearcollegesalonethisfigureis93percent,withabout700graduatesineachracegroupinthemostrecentyear.Credentialsofalltypesearnedbythoseinotherracecategoriesfellfrom768to688afterincreasingseveralyearsinarow.
0
200
400
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1,200
1,400
1,600
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2,000
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
BlackorAfricanAmerican White Other
57
Age18to24LessthanHighSchoolGraduate
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearestimatesData:http://factfinder.census.gov/
Theshareofarearesidentsage18to24withoutahighschooldiplomacontinuestodecline.AccordingtothemostrecentdatafromtheCensusACS5-yearestimates,about20percentofthe40,190personsinthisagerangehavenotcompletedtheirhighschooleducation.Someofthese8,180personswillgoontoearnahighschoolequivalencycredential,andsomefromthisgroupwillthenpursuehighereducation,possiblyatoneofthemetroarea2-yearcolleges.Thosethatdoneitherwillbecomepartoftheunskilledlaborforceoridleadults.Witha1percentdeclineperyear,about17percentofthisagegroup(7,000persons)willbewithouthighschoolcredentialsin2020.Thecurrentlessthanhighschoolfiguresforthestateandthenationare18percentand13percent.
Lookingatthismeasurebygenderrevealsa6percentagepointdifferenceeachyearonaveragethisdecade,withmorementhanwomenwithoutahighschoolcredential.Thegapfellto3pointsin2015andincreasedto5in2016.Thisgapremainsatabout5percentagepointsin2017,withalmost18percentofwomenand23percentofmenage18to24withoutahighschoolcredential.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
MetroArea State U.S.
58
Age18to24LessthanHighSchoolGraduatebyGender
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearestimatesData:http://factfinder.census.gov/
Age18to24SomeCollegeandAbove
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearestimatesData:http://factfinder.census.gov/
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
MetroAreaFemale StateFemale U.S.Female
MetroAreaMale StateMale U.S.Male
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
MetroArea State U.S.
59
SomeCollegeisacategoryofeducationalattainmentthatincludesthosewithanytimeatallspentinpostsecondaryschoolbutwithoutadegreeorcertificate.Somearecurrentlyenrolledstudents,somearetakingabreakfromcollege,andothershaveleftanddonotintendtocompletetheireducation.Thismeasurealonedoesnotreflecttheshareofthepopulationwithanyspecificcredentialbeyondhighschool,butallwereadmittedtoaninstitutionofhigherlearninganddohavesomeadditionaltraining.Addingtothisallpersonswithassociate’s,bachelor’s,master’s,anddoctoralandprofessionaldegreesgivesSomeCollegeandAbove,presentedinthefigure.
Currently,43.5percentorabout17,480personsage18to24areinaneducationalattainmentcategorygreaterthanHighSchoolGraduate.Thishasfallenfromjustover46percentineachoftheprevioustwoyears,butremainsabovethelevelsof2011andbefore.Anincreaseof1percentperyearwillbringthemetroareabacktoover46percentby2020.Thismeasurehadbeenrisingslowlyatthelocal,state,andnationallevelthisdecade,buthaschangedlittleatthestateandnationalleveloverthemostrecentyearswhiledeclininglocally.
Age18to24SomeCollegeandAbovebyGender
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearestimatesData:http://factfinder.census.gov/
Thegendergapinthismeasure,morewomenthanmen,hasbeenalmost13percentagepointsthisdecadeandfellto12pointsinthemostrecentyear.Almosthalfofmetroareawomenhavesomecollegeorabove,comparedtojustunder38percentofmen.Thegendergap
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
MetroAreaFemale StateFemale U.S.Female
MetroAreaMale StateMale U.S.Male
60
statewideis11points,withhigherpercentagesforwomenandmen(55and44).Nationwidethegapis10points,andmorethanhalfofmenhavesomeeducationbeyondhighschool.
Age20to29Associate’sDegreeorAbovebyRaceandGender
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearPUMSestimates,author’scalculationData:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/pums.html
Separatingoutinformationaboutearnedassociate’sdegreesfrom“somecollege”isgenerallynotpossiblethroughthesummarytablesavailableontheU.S.CensuswebsiteordatatoolssuchastheAmericanFactFinder,helpfulasthoseresourcesare.Fortunately,theCensusmakesavailablepublicusemicrodatasample(PUMS)filessothatlocalitiescanmaketheseandotherinquiriesontheirown.48Duetothenatureofsamplingstatisticsandthecommunity’sneedforreliableestimates,theagerangeforthePUMSderivedestimatesinthissectionofthereportis20to29years.In2017,almost22percentofindividualsage20to29heldanassociate’sdegreeorabove,downfrom23and24percentinrecentyears.Disaggregated,thesepercentagesare14percentofnonwhites,30percentofwhites,26percentoffemales,and17percentofmales.Theassociate’sdegreeandabovegapbetweenfemalesandmalesaveragedabout6percentagepointsperyearthisdecade,butgrewtoalmost9pointsin2017.Betweenwhitesandnonwhites,thegaphasaveraged17pointsperyear,growingfromalowof13in2009and2010toahighof20in2014and2015.In2017,thisgapfellbelowthedecadeaverageto16points.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
AllAge20to29 Nonwhite White Female Male
61
Age20to24LaborForceParticipationRate
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearestimatesData:http://factfinder.census.gov/
ThelaborforceconsistsofcivilianswhoareclassifiedasemployedorunemployedplusmembersoftheArmedForces.About72percentofthepopulationage20to24areinthelaborforce-about21,350individuals.49Thosewhoarenotinthelaborforcearegenerallystudents,homemakers,seasonalworkersduringanoffseasonandnotlookingforwork,institutionalizedpersons,andpersonsdoingunpaidfamilyworkfewerthan15hoursperweek.50
Themetroarealaborforceparticipationrateof72.4percentin2017isinbetweenthestate(71percent)andthenation(74percent).Thisisbelowtheannualaveragethisdecadeof75percent.Atanincreaseof1percentperyear,thecommunitycouldreturnto75percentin2020.Beinginbetweenthestateandnationalrateisprobablyagoodthing.Itisdifficulttosaythatlaborforceparticipationoughttobemuchhigherthanitcurrentlyis.Forexample,onewayofincreasingtheratewouldbetohavecollegestudentswhoarenotcurrentlyworkingdropoutofschoolandimmediatelyjointhelaborforcewithoutcompletingtheireducations.
66%
68%
70%
72%
74%
76%
78%
80%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
MetroArea State U.S.
62
Age20to29LaborForceParticipationRatebyRaceandGender
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearPUMSestimates,author’scalculationData:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/pums.html
Disaggregatingthelaborforceparticipationrateforthepopulationage20to29showsanaverageannualgapthisdecadeofabout6percentagepointsbetweennonwhitesandwhites.Theparticipationrateforthesegroupsnearlyconvergedat79percentin2012.Inthemostrecentestimatethegapgrewto9points,thelargestthisdecade.Betweenmalesandfemales,thisgaphasbeenaslargeas7points(2009)andiscurrentlyabovethedecadeaverageof5at6.6points.Currentlaborforceparticipationestimatesare72percentfornonwhites,73percentforfemales,80percentformales,81percentformales,and76percentforallmetroareaciviliansage20to29.
66% 68% 70% 72% 74% 76% 78% 80% 82% 84%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
AllAge20to29 Nonwhite White Female Male
63
Age20to24EmploymenttoPopulationRatio
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearestimatesData:http://factfinder.census.gov/
Employedisacategorythatincludescivilianswho1)didanyworkatallaspaidemployees,2)workedintheirownbusinessorprofession,3)workedontheirownfarm,4)worked15hoursormoredoingunpaidfamilyworkduringthereferenceweek,or5)werewithajobbutnotatworkduetoillness,badweather,industrialdispute,vacation,orotherpersonalreasons.About57percentofcivilianmetroresidentsage20to24areemployed.Thisisjustunderthestatelevel(60percent)andthenationallevel(64.5percent)andhasdeclinedfromahighof63percentin2012.Eachadditionalpercentincreaserepresentsabout275individuals,andat1percentperyeartheyoungadultsinthecommunitycangetbacktotheannualaveragethisdecadeof60percentemployedin2020.
52%
54%
56%
58%
60%
62%
64%
66%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
MetroArea State U.S.
64
Age20to29EmploymenttoPopulationRatiobyRaceandGender
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearPUMSestimates,author’scalculationData:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/pums.html
Disaggregatingtheemploymenttopopulationratioforthecivilianpopulationage20to29showsanaveragegapof6percentagepointsthisdecadebetweennonwhitesandwhites.Thisgapfelltoalowof3.5pointsin2012andhassincegrownto8pointsinthemostrecentyear,thehighestsince2009.Currently,about59percentofnonwhiteciviliansareemployed,comparedtoabout67percentofwhites.Betweenfemalesandmales,thegaphasbeen1.5pointsonaveragethisdecade,withalargershareoffemalesbeingemployedthanmales.In2017theemploymentrateconvergedat63percentforthesegroups.ThisgenderconvergencedoesnotoccurinthecurrentlaborforceparticipationratebecausemoremalesthanfemalesserveintheArmedForces.
52% 54% 56% 58% 60% 62% 64% 66% 68% 70% 72%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
AllAge20to29 Nonwhite White Female Male
65
Age20to24UnemploymentRate
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearestimatesData:http://factfinder.census.gov/
Unemployedisanemploymentstatuscategorythatincludes1)thosewhowereneitheratworknorwithajobbutnotatworkduringthereferenceweek,and2)wereactivelylookingforworkduringthelastfourweeks,and3)wereavailabletostartajob.Examplesofjobseekingactivitiesincluderegisteringatanemploymentoffice,meetingwithprospectiveemployers,investigatingpossibilitiesforopeningabusiness,placingoransweringadvertisements,writinglettersofapplication,orbeinginaunion.About12.7percentofciviliansage20to24inthemetroareaareunemployed,about3,500individuals.Areaunemploymentforthisagerangeislowerthanthestate(13.7percent)andhigherthanthecountry(11.6percent).A1percentdecreaseperyear,about275individuals,wouldplacetheunemploymentrateatjustunder10percentforthisagerangein2020.
AccordingtotheFederalReserveBoard,thelowestlevelofunemploymentthattheU.S.economycansustain,itslong-runnormallevel,isinarangebetween4and5percent.51ThemostrecentunemploymentrateforalladultsinmetroShreveport-BossierCityreportedbytheBureauofLaborStatisticsis4.7percentinDecember2018;themostrecentannualaverageformetroareaadultsis5.5percentin2017.52,53Theratefortheyoungadultsintheage20to24rangeconsideredhereismuchhigherthantherateforalladults.Thisisnormal,andpossiblereasonsincludethelast-in,first-outexplanation;lackofjobsearchexperience;shoppingaround;andlackofmobility.54
0% 2% 4% 6% 8%
10% 12% 14% 16% 18%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
MetroArea State U.S.
66
Age20to29UnemploymentRatebyRaceandGender
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearPUMSestimates,author’scalculationData:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/pums.html
Disaggregatingtheunemploymentrateforthecivilianpopulationage20to29showsthatboththeracegapandthegendergaphavenarrowedsincetheirpeaksin2012and2013.Thegapbetweennonwhitesandwhites,averaging4.5pointsperyearthisdecade,peakedat7pointsin2012andisnowlessthan3points.Thegapbetweenfemalesandmales,averagingalmost1pointthisdecade,grewtoover2pointsin2013andisnowlessthanthehalfof1point.Currentunemploymentrateestimatesare7percentforwhites,8percentformales,8.4percentforfemales,9.5percentfornonwhites,and8.2percentforallmetroareaciviliansage20to29.
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
AllAge20to29 Nonwhite White Female Male
67
Age20to29AverageAnnualWageandSalaryIncomebyRaceandGenderinCurrentDollars
AmericanCommunitySurvey5-yearPUMSestimates,author’scalculationData:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/pums.html
Attheendofthecradletocareerpathwayisasustainablelivingwage.ThisisthetargettowardwhichtheeffortsofStepForwardNorthLouisianaareultimatelydirected.Toexceedthefederalpovertythresholdin2017,asingleadultwouldneedtoearnmorethantheannualequivalentof$6.13perhour($12,752).55AccordingtotheMITlivingwagecalculator,asingleadultintheShreveport-BossierCitymetroareainthesameyearrequires$10.92perhourovera2,080hourworkyear($22,714),about$10,000morethanthepovertythreshold,tomeetthelivingwagestandard.56Forthosesupportingachild,thecostismuchhigher.57
Thefirstof8incomecategoriesreportedintheAmericanCommunitySurveyiswageandsalaryincome,or“totalmoneyearningsreceivedforworkperformedasanemployee.”58Thisdoesnotincludeincomefromself-employment,interestordividends,publicassistance,ordisability.Overthepastdecade,theaveragewageandsalaryincomeofemployedciviliansage20to29is$25,050.59Thispeakedin2014at$27,000andiscurrently$25,000.Lookingattheseaveragesbyraceandgenderrevealsthatnoteveryoneisabletomeetthegoalofalivingwageintheirtwenties.Thecurrentgapbetweenwhitesandnonwhitesisalmost$8,000,andthegapbetweenmalesandfemalesisalmost$7,000.
$0
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
$35,000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
AllAge20to29 Nonwhite White Female Male
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NEXTSTEPS
TheStepForwardinitiativeisactivelyengagedaroundmultiplecriticaldevelopmentalmilestones.ActionplansforEarlyChildhood,EarlyLiteracy,MiddleGradeSTEM,GraduationandCitizenship,andWorkforceDevelopmenthavebeendeveloped.Theseplansaremadepossiblebyamutualcommitmenttoshareresourcesandmeasureoutcomesasweseektofindwhatworksanddomoreofit.
Thepartnershipisalwaysseekingcommunityvolunteerstoassistandcontributetotheseimportantefforts.Yourinvolvementcanmakeadifference.Community-widegrassrootsinvolvementisinfactcriticaltoachievingsuchpopulation-levelchange.Ifyouarecommittedtoimprovingeducationalopportunitiesforthechildreninthemetroarea,StepForwardwouldliketohearfromyou.
Inthemeantime,StepForwardwillremaincommittedtosharingdataindicators,andwillcontinuetoengageincontinuousevaluationofitseffortstoimprovethestatusofthecommunity’schildren,fromcradletocareer.
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APPENDIXA:TABLES
ABOUTTHECOMMUNITY
PopulationofMetroShreveport-BossierCityParishesandLargestPlaces
Year TotalBossierParish
CaddoParish
DeSotoParish
WebsterParish Shreveport
BossierCity
1850 23,869 6,962 8,884 8,023 - 1,728 -1900 108,840 24,153 44,499 25,063 15,125 16,013 7751950 276,788 40,139 176,547 24,398 35,704 127,206 15,4701960 345,430 57,622 223,859 24,248 39,701 164,372 32,7761970 357,406 64,519 230,184 22,764 39,939 182,064 43,7691980 402,437 80,721 252,358 25,727 43,631 206,989 50,8171990 401,676 86,088 248,253 25,346 41,989 198,402 53,1292000 417,796 98,310 252,161 25,494 41,831 199,822 56,1282010 441,197 117,628 255,694 26,683 41,192 200,884 61,9812015 444,486 125,722 251,577 27,111 40,076 196,649 68,0372016 442,403 126,252 249,145 27,211 39,795 194,394 68,0712017 440,933 127,634 246,581 27,340 39,378 192,036 68,554
Data:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest.html
AnnualEstimatesoftheComponentsofPopulationChange
TotalChange
VitalEvents NetMigrationYear Births Deaths International Domestic2013 -1,647 6,503 4,382 441 -3,9362014 -1,683 6,426 4,450 477 -4,1082015 -1,050 6,294 4,449 522 -3,3722016 -2,365 6,139 4,607 503 -4,2512017 -1,470 6,056 4,555 428 -3,400Data:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest.html
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PopulationofMetroShreveport-BossierCitybyAgeandSex,2017
Age Males Females Total Age Males Females Total0-4 15,398 14,954 30,352 45-49 12,333 13,586 25,9195-9 15,216 14,613 29,829 50-54 12,863 13,711 26,57410-14 14,820 14,138 28,958 55-59 13,845 15,378 29,22315-19 14,146 13,439 27,585 60-64 12,768 14,873 27,64120-24 14,042 13,334 27,376 65-69 10,684 12,673 23,35725-29 15,897 16,300 32,197 70-74 7,786 9,586 17,37230-34 14,876 15,647 30,523 75-79 5,229 7,159 12,38835-39 14,134 14,760 28,894 80-84 3,472 5,254 8,72640-44 12,036 13,089 25,125 85+ 3,027 5,867 8,894Data:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest.html
MetroAreaK-12FallEnrollmentbyGrade
Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Kindergarten 6,036 6,056 6,243 6,210 5,877 5,580 5,482 5,641 5,291Grade1 5,990 6,094 6,056 6,180 6,188 5,850 5,670 5,549 5,684Grade2 5,866 5,877 5,918 5,900 6,094 5,920 5,783 5,505 5,382Grade3 5,994 5,792 5,739 5,740 5,766 5,900 5,822 5,619 5,390Grade4 6,732 6,709 6,399 6,250 6,008 5,650 5,796 5,640 5,467Grade5 5,820 5,486 5,473 5,260 5,316 5,760 5,587 5,702 5,523Grade6 5,434 5,923 5,649 5,600 5,494 5,310 5,585 5,483 5,532Grade7 5,255 5,431 5,785 5,520 5,635 5,390 5,302 5,531 5,425Grade8 5,194 5,190 5,404 5,760 5,444 5,450 5,326 5,198 5,375Grade9 6,373 5,810 5,605 5,800 6,420 6,190 6,016 5,821 5,710Grade10 5,141 5,262 5,130 4,930 5,174 5,550 5,553 5,548 5,403Grade11 4,480 4,547 4,656 4,500 4,513 4,710 5,109 5,024 5,062Grade12 3,870 4,062 4,272 4,400 4,311 4,280 4,534 4,964 4,703TotalK12 72,185 72,239 72,329 72,050 72,240 71,540 71,565 71,225 69,947
Data:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center
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Ageunder18YearsbelowPovertyLevelbyRace
BlackorAfrican
American HispanicorLatino White,notHispanicYear Count Percent Count Percent Count Percent2009 21,756 48.5% 746 19.9% 5,092 11.2%2010 21,040 46.6% 1,039 25.1% 4,612 10.4%2011 21,158 47.1% 993 22.2% 4,586 10.3%2012 20,126 44.7% 1,136 24.5% 4,268 9.6%2013 22,255 45.5% 1,250 24.3% 5,489 11.0%2014 23,008 47.5% 1,308 24.2% 6,220 12.5%2015 23,212 48.0% 1,672 29.8% 6,495 13.0%2016 23,731 48.9% 2,014 36.2% 7,016 14.2%2017 24,120 50.4% 2,141 37.1% 7,528 15.5%Data:http://factfinder.census.gov
Age25andoverwithLessthanHighSchoolDiplomabyRace
BlackorAfrican
American HispanicorLatino White,notHispanicYear Count Percent Count Percent Count Percent2009 21,037 24.1% 1,584 27.0% 16,255 10.8%2010 20,024 22.3% 1,941 30.5% 16,112 10.6%2011 19,114 21.0% 2,057 30.2% 15,342 10.0%2012 19,466 21.0% 2,190 31.2% 14,888 9.6%2013 21,809 21.3% 2,193 27.8% 18,608 10.7%2014 21,643 20.9% 2,510 30.6% 17,834 10.2%2015 21,225 20.3% 2,335 27.4% 17,261 9.9%2016 21,462 20.2% 2,466 28.8% 16,522 9.5%2017 20,285 19.0% 2,521 28.5% 16,088 9.3%Data:http://factfinder.census.gov
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Age25andoverwithBachelor’sDegreeorHigherbyRace
BlackorAfrican
American HispanicorLatino White,notHispanicYear Count Percent Count Percent Count Percent2009 10,317 11.8% 1,183 20.1% 40,193 26.7%2010 11,097 12.4% 992 15.6% 40,169 26.3%2011 11,663 12.8% 1,057 15.5% 40,937 26.6%2012 11,847 12.8% 876 12.5% 41,652 26.9%2013 13,640 13.3% 1,063 13.5% 46,350 26.7%2014 14,270 13.8% 1,107 13.5% 47,787 27.5%2015 14,877 14.2% 1,328 15.6% 48,112 27.7%2016 15,100 14.2% 1,393 16.3% 48,169 27.8%2017 16,294 15.3% 1,537 17.4% 47,664 27.7%Data:http://factfinder.census.gov
Age16andoverinManagement,Business,Science,andArtsOccupationsbyRace
BlackorAfrican
American HispanicorLatino White,notHispanicYear Count Percent Count Percent Count Percent2010 12,057 19.8% 1,183 20.9% 37,001 36.2%2011 12,880 20.5% 1,297 21.8% 37,122 36.6%2012 13,030 20.5% 1,331 21.6% 38,136 37.0%2013 14,466 21.2% 1,372 19.6% 42,158 37.1%2014 14,947 22.1% 1,519 21.0% 43,446 38.5%2015 14,862 22.1% 1,634 22.2% 43,827 39.3%2016 14,830 22.1% 1,664 23.6% 44,516 40.5%2017 15,285 22.9% 1,782 26.2% 43,024 40.1%Data:http://factfinder.census.gov
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EARLYCHILDHOOD
KindergartenReadiness MetroArea StateYear Count Percent Percent2011 2,990 49.4% 53%2012 3,090 49.5% 54%2013 2,941 47.4% 55%2014 2,849 48.5% 56%2015 2,696 48.3% 56%2016 2,313 42.2% 54%2017 2,099 37.2% 54%2018 2,178 41.2% 50%Data:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center
3to4YearOldsEnrolledinSchool
MetroArea State U.S.Year Count Percent Percent Percent2009 6,003 53.3% 52.9% 47.3%2010 5,834 51.8% 53.5% 47.8%2011 5,908 50.6% 53.6% 48.1%2012 6,202 51.3% 53.6% 48.2%2013 6,239 49.9% 52.2% 47.7%2014 6,291 48.7% 51.6% 47.4%2015 6,412 48.1% 50.8% 47.4%2016 6,030 48.7% 51.1% 47.5%2017 6,204 49.6% 51.2% 47.5%Data:http://factfinder.census.gov
Age3andoverEnrolledinNurserySchool,PreschoolbyRace
YearBlackorAfrican
AmericanHispanicorLatino
White,notHispanic Other Total
2012 3,337 298 3,232 284 7,1512013 3,496 444 3,770 321 8,0312014 3,213 355 3,777 374 7,7192015 3,192 407 3,817 412 7,8282016 3,296 361 3,881 352 7,8902017 3,230 246 3,663 498 7,637Data:http://factfinder.census.gov
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NumberofLicensedEarlyLearning(DayCare)CentersbyType
Year TypeI TypeII TypeIIIAll
TypesPercentTypeIII
2009 - - - 178 -2010 - - - 186 -2011 - - - 175 -2012 - - - 167 -2013 - - - 165 -2014 - - - 155 -2015 - - - 152 -2017 30 12 86 128 67.2%2018 31 16 85 132 64.4%Data:https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data#LA/5/0/char/0
PubliclyFundedEarlyChildhoodProgramsbyDomainRating
2017 2018 Domain Score Score CurrentRatingOverallScore 4.8 4.9 ProficientEmotionalSupport(PreK) 5.7 5.8 ProficientClassroomOrganization(PreK) 5.4 5.6 ProficientInstructionalSupport(PreK) 3.5 3.7 ApproachingProficientEmotionalandBehavioralSupport(Toddler) 5.3 5.6 ProficientEngagedSupportforLearning(Toddler) 2.9 3.1 ApproachingProficient
Data:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center
Age5andunderBelowPovertyLevel
MetroArea State U.S.Year Count Percent Percent Percent2009 10,991 34.0% 29.7% 21.2%2010 10,344 32.2% 30.2% 22.0%2011 10,588 32.4% 30.3% 22.9%2012 10,147 30.5% 30.2% 23.8%2013 11,041 29.8% 30.4% 24.5%2014 11,547 31.1% 31.0% 24.7%2015 12,143 32.5% 30.8% 24.3%2016 12,680 34.1% 30.3% 23.5%2017 13,198 36.3% 30.4% 22.4%Data:http://factfinder.census.gov
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Age5andunderBelowPovertyLevelbyRace
BlackorAfrican
American HispanicorLatino White,notHispanic
Year Count Percent Count Percent Count Percent2009 8,374 56.4% 379 28.3% 1,853 12.3%2010 7,595 52.4% 546 34.6% 1,616 11.2%2011 7,963 54.5% 533 28.6% 1,447 9.9%2012 7,603 51.2% 603 29.4% 1,433 9.7%2013 8,221 51.3% 608 26.2% 1,673 10.0%2014 8,232 52.1% 581 24.1% 2,157 12.8%2015 8,805 55.1% 690 28.1% 2,239 13.2%2016 8,910 55.1% 894 37.7% 2,601 15.5%2017 9,329 57.7% 806 35.3% 2,807 17.4%Data:http://factfinder.census.govChildreninFosterCare,MetroArea
Year Count Rateper1,0002011 811 7.422012 715 6.522013 782 7.132014 953 8.752015 1008 9.302016 1116 10.382017 981 9.17Data:https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data#LA/5/0/char/0
ChildProtectionInvestigationsbyFinding,BossierandCaddo
Year Valid Invalid Other Total2011 584 981 131 1,6962012 567 971 85 1,6232013 597 1,087 86 1,7702014 722 1,128 114 1,9642015 820 1,260 155 2,2352016 758 1,137 110 2,0052017 660 949 184 1,793Data:https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data#LA/5/0/char/0
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EARLYLITERACY
3rdGradeEnglishLanguageArtsProficiency MetroArea StateYear Count Percent Percent2009 3,740 62.9% 66%2010 3,805 62.5% 67%2011 3,782 63.2% 69%2012 3,754 64.7% 69%2013 3,913 68.1% 72%2014 3,855 67.1% 69%2015 3,387 59.0% 63%2016 3,383 57.6% 62%2017 3,879 66.5% 69%2018 3,489 62.3% 68%Data:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center
MIDDLEGRADESTEM
6thGradeMathProficiency MetroArea StateYear Count Percent Percent2011 3,499 64.5% 70%2012 3,620 61.5% 70%2013 3,468 61.6% 69%2014 3,692 65.5% 70%2015 2,836 51.6% 59%2016 3,032 57.2% 60%2017 2,889 52.1% 57%2018 2,948 53.9% 60%Data:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center
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6thGradeScienceProficiency Metro StateYear Count Percent Percent2011 3,520 64.9% 69%2012 3,608 61.3% 65%2013 3,465 61.6% 65%2014 3,478 61.7% 66%2015 3,362 61.2% 65%2016 3,367 63.5% 65%2017 3,461 62.4% 66%Data:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center
ComputerProgrammers,SoftwareDevelopers,andWebDevelopers Total Age40andAbove UnderAge40Year Count Count Count Percent2009 403 253 150 37.2%2010 284 224 60 21.1%2011 294 204 90 30.6%2012 249 179 70 28.1%2013 269 142 127 47.2%2014 518 237 281 54.2%2015 662 250 412 62.2%2016 725 291 434 59.9%2017 791 295 496 62.7%Data:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/pums.html
AllComputerandMathematicalOccupations
Total Age40andAbove UnderAge40Year Count Count Count Percent2009 1,832 946 886 48.4%2010 1,627 755 872 53.6%2011 1,602 647 955 59.6%2012 1,185 448 737 62.2%2013 795 229 566 71.2%2014 2,282 857 1,425 62.4%2015 2,404 915 1,489 61.9%2016 2,547 1,022 1,525 59.9%2017 2,843 1,187 1,656 58.2%Data:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/pums.html
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GRADUATIONANDCITIZENSHIP
Age16to19Idleness
Metro State U.S.Year Count Percent Percent Percent2009 1,619 7.4% 7.5% 5.3%2010 1,751 7.7% 8.1% 5.4%2011 1,999 8.8% 8.0% 5.4%2012 2,053 9.1% 8.1% 5.4%2013 2,288 9.6% 8.2% 5.3%2014 2,320 9.8% 8.1% 5.2%2015 2,470 11.0% 7.8% 5.0%2016 2,243 9.7% 7.8% 4.9%2017 2,077 9.2% 7.7% 4.8%Data:http://factfinder.census.gov
Age16to19IdlenessbyRace
BlackorAfrican
American HispanicorLatino White,notHispanic
Year Count Percent Count Percent Count Percent2009 821 8.0% 69 9.1% 681 6.7%2010 894 8.2% 94 8.9% 706 7.0%2011 1,065 9.8% 94 8.4% 754 7.6%2012 1,259 11.8% 89 6.6% 627 6.4%2013 1,495 13.4% 12 0.9% 738 6.9%2014 1,592 14.6% 10 0.7% 647 6.2%2015 1,790 17.0% 30 2.8% 580 5.8%2016 1,501 14.0% 70 5.5% 548 5.4%2017 1,268 12.4% 87 7.4% 577 5.7%Data:http://factfinder.census.gov
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Age17andunderShreveportPoliceDepartmentArrests LarcenyTheft OtherAssaultYear Count Count2009 289 7212010 296 8202011 304 9082012 396 1,0462013 386 8782014 315 8712015 337 6822016 252 7152017 312 594Data:https://www.shreveportla.gov/426/Crime-Reports
ShreveportPoliceDepartmentCallsforService:JuvenileComplaint
Year JuvenileComplaint TotalCalls PercentofTotal2010 5,234 278,078 1.9%2011 5,146 278,618 1.8%2012 5,486 289,542 1.9%2013 5,017 281,735 1.8%2014 4,755 278,369 1.7%2015 4,167 246,765 1.7%2016 4,048 221,485 1.8%2017 4,002 215,065 1.9%Data:https://www.shreveportla.gov/426/Crime-Reports
YouthundertheSupervisionoftheOfficeofJuvenileJusticeorCaddoParishJuvenileDetentionCenterIntake MetroArea
Year CountRateper1,000age
10to192011 1,409 23.82012 1,355 23.12013 1,376 23.72014 1,392 24.22015 1,265 22.22016 1,156 20.42017 1,087 19.2Data:https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data#LA/5/0/char/0;specialcorrespondencewithCPJS
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FertilityRateper1,000FemalesAge15to19 MetroArea State U.S.Year Count Rate Rate Rate2009 914 62.9 52.6 382010 851 57.4 48 342011 756 52.9 45.2 312012 735 53.1 42.8 292013 661 48.7 38.9 262014 521 38.9 35.5 242015 536 39.9 33.9 222016 430 31.6 30.3 20Data:https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data#LA/5/0/char/0
FertilityRateper1,000FemalesAge15to19byRaceandEthnicity
BossierParish CaddoParish
BlackorAfrican
AmericanHispanicor
LatinoWhite,notHispanic
BlackorAfrican
AmericanHispanicor
LatinoWhite,notHispanic
Year Births Rate Births Rate Births Rate Births Rate Births Rate Births Rate2009 - - - - - - 434 82.5 13 61.6 137 37.82010 - - - - - - 422 81.0 12 57.1 122 34.02011 - - - - - - 367 75.6 12 51.5 102 29.72012 - - - - - - 356 76.4 17 83.3 93 28.02013 - - - - - - 307 68.5 13 71.4 107 33.02014 40 39.6 12 46.2 53 21.1 252 56.9 - - 77 24.22015 42 40.6 13 44.1 64 25.0 243 54.7 10 46.7 68 21.92016 24 23.0 18 58.1 53 20.2 192 41.7 - - 57 18.62017 37 34.4 - - 43 16.6 230 50.6 13 55.3 43 14.4
Data:https://wonder.cdc.gov/natality.html
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AverageACTCompositeScore MetroArea State U.S.Year Count Average Average Average2009 2,668 20.0 20.1 21.12010 2,807 19.7 20.1 21.02011 2,756 19.7 20.2 21.12012 2,879 19.9 20.3 21.12013 3,906 18.7 19.5 20.92014 4,232 19.2 19.2 21.02015 4,163 19.4 19.4 21.02016 4,099 19.5 19.5 20.82017 4,346 19.8 19.6 21.02018 4,739 19.3 19.3 20.8Data:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center;http://www.act.org/
AverageACTCompositeScore,BlackorAfricanAmerican
Year MetroArea State U.S.2012 17.6 17.9 17.02013 16.8 17.1 16.92014 16.7 17.0 17.02015 17.1 17.4 17.12016 17.2 17.5 17.02017 17.4 17.5 17.12018 16.9 17.3 16.9Data:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center;http://www.act.org/
Grade9to12Dropout
MetroArea StateYear Count Percent Percent2009-10 1,202 5.6% 4.6%2010-11 1,132 5.2% 4.1%2011-12 1,179 5.5% 4.7%2012-13 969 4.5% 4.7%2013-14 997 4.7% 4.5%2014-15 993 4.5% 4.3%2015-16 912 4.1% 4.2%2016-17 725 3.2% 3.9%2017-18 670 3.0% 3.7%Data:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center
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CohortGraduationRate MetroArea State U.S.Year Count Percent Percent Percent2009 3,733 67.3% 67.3% 75.5%2010 3,900 65.4% 67.2% 78.2%2011 3,725 68.3% 71.4% 79.0%2012 3,771 68.9% 72.3% 80.0%2013 3,873 70.3% 73.5% 81.0%2014 4,085 74.3% 74.6% 82.0%2015 4,025 80.0% 77.5% 83.0%2016 4,011 78.4% 77.0% 84.0%2017 4,287 78.3% 78.1% -Data:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center;http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/
CohortGraduationRatebyRaceandEthnicity
BlackorAfricanAmerican HispanicorLatino White,notHispanicYear MetroArea State U.S. MetroArea State U.S. MetroArea State U.S.2016 73.5% 71.5% 79% 82.0% 71.3% 76% 82.6% 82.0% 88%2017 72.3% 72.9% - 83.7% 66.7% - 83.1% 83.7% -
Data:http://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center;http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/
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WORKFORCEDEVELOPMENTImmediateCollegeEnrollmentRate MetroArea State U.S.
YearTotalHSGraduates
ImmediateEnrollment
2-YearColleges
ImmediateEnrollment
2-YearColleges
ImmediateEnrollment
2-YearColleges
2009 3,733 51% - 47% - 70% 28%2010 3,900 50% - 48% - 68% 27%2011 3,725 60% 44% 55% 30% 68% 26%2012 3,771 62% 42% 56% 29% 66% 29%2013 3,873 62% 43% 58% 32% 66% 24%2014 4,085 66% 44% 59% 34% 68% 25%2015 4,025 61% 35% 58% 29% 69% 25%2016 4,011 61% 38% 57% 33% 70% 24%2017 4,287 62% 38% 58% 29% 67% 23%Data:https://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center;https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cpa.asp
ImmediateCollegeEnrollmentRatebyRace BlackorAfricanAmerican WhiteYear MetroArea State U.S. MetroArea State U.S.2016 54.4% 53.5% 57.3% 68.0% 61.0% 69.7%2017 58.2% 55.0% 59.4% 65.9% 61.1% 69.1%Data:https://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/data-center;https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cpa.asp
Age18to24EnrolledinCollegeorGraduateSchool
MetroArea State U.S.Year Count Percent Percent Percent2009 11,849 30.1% 36.5% 40.9%2010 11,935 30.3% 36.5% 41.5%2011 11,571 29.4% 37.1% 42.2%2012 11,744 29.7% 37.3% 42.7%2013 11,876 27.7% 37.3% 43.0%2014 12,579 29.5% 37.3% 43.1%2015 12,211 29.0% 37.2% 42.9%2016 11,194 27.1% 37.0% 42.8%2017 10,129 25.2% 37.0% 42.6%Data:http://factfinder.census.gov
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Age18to24EnrolledinCollegeorGraduateSchoolbyGender MetroArea State U.S.
Female Male Female Male Female MaleYear Count Percent Count Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent2009 6,988 35.7% 4,869 24.6% 41.8% 31.4% 45.3% 36.7%2010 7,096 35.7% 4,820 24.7% 41.6% 31.4% 45.9% 37.3%2011 6,764 33.9% 4,832 24.9% 41.4% 32.8% 46.7% 38.0%2012 7,166 35.7% 4,595 23.6% 41.7% 32.9% 47.2% 38.4%2013 7,275 33.8% 4,590 21.5% 41.5% 33.2% 47.5% 38.7%2014 7,198 34.0% 5,389 25.1% 41.7% 32.9% 47.5% 38.8%2015 6,939 33.5% 5,272 24.7% 41.8% 32.8% 47.3% 38.8%2016 6,787 33.6% 4,407 20.9% 42.6% 31.5% 47.1% 38.7%2017 6,092 31.1% 4,037 19.6% 42.8% 31.5% 46.8% 38.5%
Data:http://factfinder.census.gov
Age24andunderPublicCollegeFallEnrollmentYear BPCC NWLTC SUSLA LSUS LSUHSC Total2012 4,619 587 1,672 3,093 417 10,3882013 5,066 448 1,863 2,791 416 10,5842014 5,168 592 1,997 2,427 417 10,6012015 4,191 386 2,274 2,161 411 9,4232016 3,925 353 2,337 2,085 406 9,1062017 3,900 260 2,066 2,232 417 8,8752018 3,691 180 1,714 2,221 419 8,225Data:http://regents.la.gov/data-publications/;specialcorrespondencewithLCTCS
Age24andunderPublicCollegeFallEnrollmentbyRace
YearBlackorAfrican
American White Other2012 4,136 5,095 1,4542013 4,476 4,790 1,4402014 4,550 4,512 1,5392015 3,995 3,890 1,5382016 3,921 3,611 1,5742017 3,871 3,655 1,3492018 3,330 3,503 1,392Data:http://regents.la.gov/data-publications/;specialcorrespondencewithLCTCS
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PublicCollegeDegreesandCertificatesAwardedYear BPCC NWLTC SUSLA LSUS LSUHSC Total2012-13 989 1,523 373 639 268 3,7922013-14 1,130 1,700 375 579 258 4,0422014-15 1,105 840 351 625 264 3,1852015-16 1,078 672 307 805 259 3,1212016-17 1,032 835 319 982 246 3,4142017-18 917 518 302 1,317 260 3,314Data:http://regents.la.gov/data-publications/;specialcorrespondencewithLCTCS
PublicCollegeDegreesandCertificatesAwardedbyRace
YearBlackorAfrican
American White Other2012-13 1,541 1,753 4982013-14 1,563 1,790 6892014-15 1,024 1,656 5052015-16 932 1,570 6192016-17 995 1,651 7682017-18 1,001 1,625 688Data:http://regents.la.gov/data-publications/;specialcorrespondencewithLCTCS
Age18to24LessthanHighSchoolGraduate
MetroArea State U.S.Year Count Percent Percent Percent2009 9,763 24.8% 21.3% 17.2%2010 9,808 24.9% 21.6% 17.1%2011 9,721 24.7% 21.0% 16.7%2012 9,569 24.2% 20.6% 16.2%2013 10,076 23.5% 20.3% 15.6%2014 9,509 22.3% 19.9% 15.0%2015 9,174 21.8% 19.0% 14.4%2016 8,553 20.7% 18.5% 13.8%2017 8,184 20.4% 17.8% 13.4%Data:http://factfinder.census.gov
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Age18to24LessthanHighSchoolGraduatebyGender
MetroArea State U.S.Year Female Male Female Male Female Male2009 20.7% 28.8% 17.7% 24.8% 14.4% 19.8%2010 20.5% 29.4% 18.1% 25.1% 14.3% 19.8%2011 20.2% 29.4% 17.8% 24.1% 13.9% 19.3%2012 20.5% 28.0% 17.9% 23.3% 13.5% 18.7%2013 20.5% 26.6% 17.7% 22.8% 13.0% 18.0%2014 20.1% 24.5% 17.0% 22.8% 12.6% 17.3%2015 20.1% 23.4% 15.9% 22.0% 12.1% 16.5%2016 18.0% 23.3% 15.0% 21.8% 11.7% 15.8%2017 17.6% 23.0% 14.3% 21.2% 11.4% 15.3%Data:http://factfinder.census.gov
Age18to24SomeCollegeorAbove
MetroArea State U.S.Year Count Percent Percent Percent2009 16,533 42.0% 45.9% 50.9%2010 16,583 42.1% 46.1% 51.7%2011 16,766 42.6% 47.6% 53.2%2012 17,992 45.5% 48.4% 54.2%2013 18,994 44.3% 48.6% 54.9%2014 19,445 45.6% 48.8% 55.4%2015 19,610 46.6% 49.5% 55.9%2016 19,180 46.4% 49.2% 56.2%2017 17,483 43.5% 49.4% 56.2%Data:http://factfinder.census.gov
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Age18to24SomeCollegeorAbovebyGender
MetroArea State U.S.Year Female Male Female Male Female Male2009 47.6% 36.4% 51.5% 40.5% 56.2% 45.8%2010 48.2% 35.8% 51.7% 40.4% 57.1% 46.6%2011 48.5% 36.4% 52.8% 42.4% 58.5% 47.9%2012 52.7% 37.9% 53.8% 42.9% 59.7% 49.1%2013 51.1% 37.6% 53.8% 43.5% 60.4% 49.8%2014 51.4% 39.8% 54.3% 43.3% 60.8% 50.3%2015 51.9% 41.3% 55.1% 44.1% 61.3% 50.9%2016 54.0% 39.1% 55.5% 43.2% 61.5% 51.2%2017 49.7% 37.6% 55.4% 43.6% 61.4% 51.2%Data:http://factfinder.census.gov
Age20to29Associate’sDegreeorAbovebyRaceandGenderYear AllAge20to29 Nonwhite White Female Male2009 20.5% 13.7% 26.9% 24.7% 16.4%2010 21.6% 15.1% 27.6% 24.4% 18.8%2011 23.0% 14.6% 30.8% 25.1% 20.7%2012 23.9% 15.1% 32.3% 26.0% 21.7%2013 23.9% 14.4% 33.3% 25.8% 22.0%2014 24.0% 13.6% 34.2% 26.6% 21.3%2015 23.3% 13.1% 33.5% 26.1% 20.4%2016 22.8% 13.6% 32.0% 26.8% 18.6%2017 21.7% 13.8% 29.9% 26.1% 17.3%Data:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/pums.html
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Age20to24LaborForceParticipationRate
MetroArea State U.S.Year Count Percent Percent Percent2009 22,169 77.1% 73.0% 75.4%2010 21,423 76.4% 72.2% 74.9%2011 21,588 77.1% 72.3% 74.4%2012 21,897 77.5% 71.8% 74.1%2013 23,360 75.3% 71.4% 73.7%2014 22,817 73.8% 71.2% 73.6%2015 22,666 72.7% 71.2% 73.7%2016 22,171 72.8% 70.8% 74.0%2017 21,489 72.4% 70.7% 74.4%Data:http://factfinder.census.gov
Age20to29LaborForceParticipationRatebyRaceandGenderYear AllAge20to29 Nonwhite White Female Male2009 79.2% 75.7% 82.4% 75.7% 82.6%2010 79.1% 77.0% 81.1% 76.5% 81.8%2011 78.0% 75.8% 80.1% 75.8% 80.3%2012 78.8% 78.3% 79.3% 76.9% 80.8%2013 77.8% 76.2% 79.4% 76.2% 79.4%2014 76.9% 73.6% 80.1% 75.0% 78.8%2015 76.2% 72.0% 80.5% 74.0% 78.5%2016 76.4% 72.8% 80.0% 73.9% 78.9%2017 76.3% 71.9% 80.9% 73.0% 79.7%Data:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/pums.html
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Age20to24EmploymenttoPopulationRatio
MetroArea State U.S.Year Count Percent Percent Percent2009 16,429 60.5% 61.4% 64.6%2010 16,761 62.6% 61.2% 63.5%2011 16,646 62.4% 60.8% 62.3%2012 16,954 63.0% 60.0% 61.4%2013 17,996 61.0% 58.7% 60.7%2014 17,460 59.5% 58.9% 61.1%2015 17,222 58.4% 59.5% 62.1%2016 16,806 58.5% 59.7% 63.3%2017 15,755 57.1% 59.8% 64.5%Data:http://factfinder.census.gov
Age20to29EmploymenttoPopulationRatiobyRaceandGenderYear AllAge20to29 Nonwhite White Female Male2009 65.6% 61.5% 69.5% 65.1% 66.2%2010 66.5% 62.9% 69.9% 66.7% 66.4%2011 65.4% 61.8% 68.7% 66.3% 64.4%2012 66.1% 64.3% 67.8% 67.6% 64.5%2013 65.1% 62.9% 67.2% 67.2% 62.9%2014 64.0% 60.7% 67.3% 64.9% 63.2%2015 63.7% 60.8% 66.5% 64.5% 62.8%2016 63.8% 61.2% 66.4% 64.5% 63.1%2017 63.1% 59.1% 67.1% 63.1% 63.0%Data:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/pums.html
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Age20to24UnemploymentRate
MetroArea State U.S.Year Count Percent Percent Percent2009 4,182 15.4% 13.9% 12.4%2010 3,481 13.0% 13.4% 13.2%2011 3,655 13.7% 14.1% 14.4%2012 3,606 13.4% 14.9% 15.3%2013 3,924 13.3% 16.2% 16.0%2014 3,932 13.4% 15.9% 15.3%2015 3,893 13.2% 15.1% 14.2%2016 3,735 13.0% 14.1% 12.9%2017 3,504 12.7% 13.7% 11.6%Data:http://factfinder.census.gov
Age20to29UnemploymentRatebyRaceandGenderYear AllAge20to29 Nonwhite White Female Male2009 8.5% 11.2% 6.1% 7.9% 9.2%2010 8.5% 11.2% 6.0% 7.5% 9.5%2011 8.4% 11.6% 5.3% 7.6% 9.2%2012 8.4% 11.8% 5.1% 7.4% 9.4%2013 8.2% 10.7% 5.7% 7.0% 9.4%2014 8.2% 10.5% 6.0% 8.5% 8.0%2015 7.9% 9.4% 6.3% 8.2% 7.5%2016 8.0% 9.1% 6.8% 8.3% 7.6%2017 8.2% 9.5% 6.9% 8.4% 8.1%Data:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/pums.html
Age20to29AverageAnnualWageandSalaryIncomebyRaceandGender,ConstantDollarsYear AllAge20to29 Nonwhite White Female Male2009 $22,669 $18,431 $26,143 $19,986 $25,3012010 $22,976 $18,740 $26,504 $19,875 $26,1272011 $24,532 $19,825 $28,501 $20,748 $28,6122012 $25,608 $21,824 $29,051 $21,582 $29,9552013 $25,844 $22,173 $29,217 $21,805 $30,2362014 $26,967 $23,476 $30,050 $22,294 $31,9012015 $26,574 $23,293 $29,569 $22,402 $30,9822016 $25,308 $21,870 $28,512 $21,817 $28,9412017 $24,960 $20,829 $28,748 $21,529 $28,471Data:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/pums.html
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EstimatesofAge20to24LaborForceStatusGroups 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017LaborForceStatusGroup Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate EstimateTotalPopulationAge20to24 31,022 30,918 31,178 30,455 29,681
ArmedForcesPopulation 1,520 1,573 1,688 1,726 2,089CivilianPopulation 29,502 29,345 29,490 28,729 27,592
NotintheLaborForce 7,582 7,952 8,375 8,188 8,333LaborForceParticipationRate 75.3% 73.8% 72.7% 72.8% 72.4%
CivilianEmployed 17,996 17,460 17,222 16,806 15,755EmploymenttoPopulationRatio 61.0% 59.5% 58.4% 58.5% 57.1%
CivilianUnemployed 3,924 3,932 3,893 3,735 3,504UnemploymentRate 13.3% 13.4% 13.2% 13.0% 12.7%
Data:http://factfinder.census.gov
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APPENDIXB:MAPS
Thefollowingchoroplethmapsuse2017ACS5-yearestimatesandtheCensustractgeography.Censustractsvaryinsizebecauseofpopulationrequirements.60Thereare104tractsinthemetroarea:22inBossierParish,64inCaddoParish,7inDeSotoParish,and11inWebsterParish.61Thelegendsofthesemapsinclude10possibleshadesandtheirassociatedpercentagesinbrackets.Inparenthesesarethenumberoftractsinthebracketedrangeofpercentages.Thebasemapincludesplacenames,streets,andwaterways.Thereare2mapspertopic.ThefirstshowstheentiremetroareaandthesecondshowsShreveportandBossierCityingreaterdetail.The4topicsare:percentage3to4inschool,percentunder18inpoverty,percent18to24incollege,andpercent20to24unemployed.PercentAge3to4inSchool,MetroAreaParishes
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PercentAge3to4inSchool,ShreveportandBossierCity
Percentunder18inPoverty,MetroAreaParishes
94
Percentunder18inPoverty,ShreveportandBossierCity
Percent18to24inCollege,MetroAreaParishes
95
Percent18to24inCollege,ShreveportandBossierCity
PercentAge20to24Unemployed,MetroAreaParishes
96
PercentAge20to24Unemployed,ShreveportandBossierCity
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NOTES
1AmericanCommunitySurveygeneralinformationhere:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/about.html2MoreACSinformationhere:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/guidance/estimates.html3Forcurrentandhistoricalbulletins,see:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro/about/omb-bulletins.html4Forannualandcumulativeestimatesofthecomponentsofpopulationchange,see:https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2017/demo/popest/total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html5Formigrationflowsintoandoutofmetroareas,see:https://www.census.gov/topics/population/migration/guidance/metro-to-metro-migration-flows.html6Theestimatedannualaveragenetmigrationflowofindividualsage18to19is-637.Thisispartiallyoffsetbytheannualaveragenetflowof416individualsage20to24.7GenerationalcohortsotherthanBabyBoomersarenotofficiallydefinedbyanyfederalstatisticalagency.ForMillennialsweusehereadefinitionprovidedbythePEWResearchCenter.See:http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/01/17/where-millennials-end-and-generation-z-begins/8Subcategoriesincludemanagement,business,andfinancial;computer,engineering,andscience;education,legal,communityservice,arts,andmedia;andhealthcarepractitionerandtechnicaloccupations.9Tocqueville,Alexis.1838.DemocracyinAmerica.London:SaundersandOtley.10Ofthe30,352childrenunderage5,about6,000areage4andwillenterKindergartenatage5.Age-specificpopulationestimatesbyparishavailablehere:https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2017/demo/popest/counties-detail.html11See:March,Segann.2015,Nov.Experts:Lackofpre-Kputtinglocalchildrenbehind.ShreveportTimes.Retrievedfrom:https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/watchdog/2015/11/06/experts-lack-pre-k-putting-local-children-behind/75232792/12UsingACSpopulationestimatesbyraceandethnicityforthoseunder5yearsofage,anddividingby5,resultsin2,787AfricanAmericanchildren,404HispanicorLatinochildren,and2,722whitechildren.Assumingagespecificcountsareevenlydistributedacrossthefiveyears,thesefiguresaredoubledandusedascountsof3and4yearolds.13CCDFBulletin137–EarlyLearningSiteLicensingRegulations,here:http://www.doa.la.gov/osr/lac/28v161/28v161.doc14Informationondaycarecentersbytypeforprioryearsisnotavailable.15See:https://www.cdc.gov/features/prematurebirth/index.html16U.S.CensusBureauRegion3,theSouth,includesstatesandtheDistrictofColumbiaintheSouthAtlanticdivision(Delaware,DistrictofColumbia,Florida,Georgia,Maryland,NorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,Virginia,WestVirginia),EastSouthCentraldivision(Alabama,Kentucky,Mississippi,Tennessee),andWestSouthCentraldivision(Arkansas,Louisiana,Oklahoma,Texas).Moreinformationhere:https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/maps-data/maps/reference/us_regdiv.pdf17IncludesBossierandCaddo,DeSoto(withSabine),andWebster(withBienville,Claiborne,andJackson)parishes18Felitti,V.J.,R.F.Anda,D.Nordenberg,D.F.Williamson,A.M.Spitz,V.Edwards,M.P.Koss,andJ.S.Marks.1998.RelationshipofChildhoodAbuseandHouseholdDysfunctiontoManyoftheLeadingCausesofDeathinAdults.AmericanJournalofPreventiveMedicine,vol.14,no.4,pp.245-258.19HarvardUniversityCenterontheDevelopingChild.Retrievedfrom:http://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/national-scientific-council-on-the-developing-child/
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20CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Retrievedfrom:https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/acestudy/about.html21Bruskas,D.2008.ChildreninFosterCare:AVulnerablePopulationatRisk.JournalofChildandAdolescentPsychiatricNursing,vol.21,no.2,pp.70-77.22Hart,BettyandToddR.Risley.1995.MeaningfulDifferencesintheEverydayExperiencesofYoungAmericanChildren.Baltimore:PaulH.BrookesPublishing.23Anderson,RichardC.,PaulT.WilsonandLindaG.Fielding.1988.GrowthinReadingandHowChildrenSpendTheirTimeOutsideofSchool.ReadingResearchQuarterly,vol.23,no.2,pp.285-303.24See:Luttenberger,Silke,SigridWimmer,andManuelaPaechter.2018.SpotlightonMathAnxiety.PsychologyResearchandBehaviorManagement,vol.11,pp.311-322.Retrievedfrom:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6087017/25TheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)includestheworld’sadvancedandemergingeconomies.Formoreinformationandalistofmembercountries,see:http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/26ForPISAU.S.performancesummaryinformationanddata,see:https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pisa/27See:Crotty,JamesM.2014,Jun.TheCauseofMediocreU.S.MathScores.Forbes.Retrievedfrom:https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesmarshallcrotty/2014/06/30/the-causes-of-mediocre-u-s-math-scores/#439027dc64b028See:https://successcenter.tamu.edu/getattachment/Student-Resources/Handouts/Math-Anxiety.pdf.aspx29StandardOccupationalClassification(SOC)codes15-1131to15-1134.Exampleoccupationsinclude:SystemsProgrammer,ComputerLanguageCoder,ApplicationsProgrammer,ComputerApplicationsEngineer,DatabaseDeveloper,SoftwareApplicationsArchitect,SoftwareApplicationsEngineer,SoftwareSystemsEngineer,EmbeddedSystemsSoftwareDeveloper,ComputerSystemsSoftwareArchitect,WebDesigner,InternetDeveloper,andIntranetDeveloper.SOCcodeinformationavailablehere:https://www.bls.gov/soc/30BecausethePUMSmicrodatausesasampleofthetotalACSsample,occupationtotalsmaydiffer.TheavailableACS5-yearestimates(non-PUMS)forcomputerandmathematicaloccupationsare2,443(2015),2,678(2016),and2,846(2017).See:https://factfinder.census.gov/31Thestandarderroroftheestimate(SE),oneofthecomponentsoftheconfidenceinterval,isequaltothestandarddeviation(σ)dividedbythesquarerootofthesamplesize(n).32Theviolentcrimerateincludes62murders,218rapes,598robberiesand1,792aggravatedassaultsin2017(comparedto44,176,659,and3,474in2007).Thepropertycrimerateincludes3,438burglaries,12,082larceny-thefts,and1,339motor-vehicletheftsin2017(comparedto3,835,12,330,and1,571in2007).See:https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s,MetropolitanStatisticalAreas(Table6).33FBIindexcrimeinformationavailablehere:https://ucr.fbi.gov/34Theeighthindexcrimecategoryisarson,butitisoftennotincludedinthepropertycrimeestimateduetovariationsinthelevelofparticipationbyreportingagencies.See:https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-releases-2017-crime-statistics35Datareflectthemother’splaceofresidence,ratherthantheplaceofbirth.36Duetopopulationthresholds,fertilitydataforBossierParishisnotavailablethroughtheCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention’sWide-rangingOnlineDataforEpidemiologicResearch(WONDER)databasebefore2014,anddataforDeSotoandWebsterarenotavailableinanyyearthroughthisdatabase.AlsowithheldareHispanicorLatinoage15to19countsforBossierin2017andforCaddoin2014and2016.37Doll,JonathanJacob,ZohrehEslamiandLynneWalters.2013.UnderstandingWhyStudentsDropOutofHighSchool,AccordingtoTheirOwnReports:AreTheyPushedorPulled,orDoTheyFallOut?A
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ComparativeAnalysisofSevenNationallyRepresentativeStudies.SAGEOpen,October-December2013,pp.1-15.38Thistotalof4,541differsfromthereported4,287highschoolgraduatesintheImmediateCollegeEnrollmentRatecalculation.Forcomparison,applyingthecurrentgraduationratetothefallenrollmentcountofthegraduatingclass(beginninggrade12infall2016)gives3,550graduates;applyingtheratetothegrade12spring2017enrollmentcountgives3,402graduatesin2017.Alltotalsincreasedfrom2016to2017.39CohortgraduationratesfortheHispanicorLatinopopulationarenotavailableforDeSotoParishin2016orforWebsterParishin2016and2017.40See:Athreya,KartikB.,UrviNeelakantanandJessieRomero.2014.“ExpandingtheScopeofWorkforceDevelopment,”FederalReserveBankofRichmondEconomicBrief,availablehere:https://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/economic_brief/2014/eb_14-0541Louisianaparishandstatecollegegoingenrollmentdatahere:https://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/high-school-performance42TheNationalStudentClearinghouseincludesmorethan3,600collegesanduniversities,enrolling98%ofallstudentsinpublicandprivateU.S.institutions.Formoreinformation,seehttp://www.studentclearinghouse.org/about/43SeeTable302.10Recenthighschoolcompletersandtheirenrollmentincollege,bysexandlevelofinstitutionavailablehere:https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/44See:http://www.laworks.net/labormarketinfo/lmi_employmentprojections.asp45ThetotalsinthisreportdifferfromthoseinpreviousyearsbecausetheenrollmentnumbersforNorthwestLouisianaTechnicalCollegenowincludeonlytheShreveportcampus.Before2018,twoothercampusesoutsidethemetroareawerereportedalongwiththeShreveportcampustotalsbytheLouisianaBoardofRegents,thesourceforthisindicator.AspecialrequestwasmadeoftheLCTCSforNWLTCenrollmenttotalsinpreviousyears.46TCAtotalsfortheother2-yearcollegeswerenotavailableatthetimeofpublication.47Forinformationaboutvariousprogramsofstudyandcredentialsofferedatarea2-yearcolleges,seeNWLTChere:http://www.nwltc.edu/academic-programs/;SUSLAhere:http://www.susla.edu/page/academic-degree-plans-2015-2017;andBPCChere:http://catalog.bpcc.edu/content.php?catoid=2&navoid=7448InformationaboutACSPUMShere:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/technical-documentation/pums/about.html49The2017ACS5-yearestimatefortheArmedForcespopulationage20to24is2,089.Thecivilianlaborforceage20to24isabout19,250persons(15,750employedand3,500unemployed).50AmericanCommunitySurveyemploymentstatussubjectdefinitionshere:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/technical-documentation/code-lists.html51Forgeneraldiscussionofthelong-rununemploymentrate,see:https://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/economy_14424.htm52Foraselectionofmonthlymetroareaeconomicstatistics,see:https://www.bls.gov/eag/eag.la_shreveport_msa.htm53Forannuallaborforcedata,see:https://www.bls.gov/lau/home.htm54See:https://www.cnbc.com/id/4045362655Forcurrentandhistoricalpovertythresholdsbysizeoffamilyandnumberofchildrensee:https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-poverty/historical-poverty-thresholds.html56See:http://livingwage.mit.edu/metros/43340
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57Forasingleadultwithonechild,therequiredincomeismorethan$8.12perhour($16,895)toexceedthepovertythresholdand$23.16perhour($48,173)tomeetthelivingwagestandard.58AmericanCommunitySurveyincomesubjectdefinitionshere:https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/technical-documentation/code-lists.html59Incomespresentedhereareincurrentdollars(notinflationadjusted).60ForgeneralinformationaboutCensustracts,see:https://www.census.gov/geo/reference/webatlas/tracts.html61Forparish-levelreferencemapstothetractgeography,see:https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/maps/2010tract.html