• Deaf

• Hard of Hearing

• Deaf-Blind

*Hearing Impairment

• Severe impairment

• Cannot process linguistic information through hearing

*Deaf:

• Not included in the parameters of deaf

• Permanent or fluctuating impairment• Adversely affects educational

performance

*Hard of Hearing:

• Simultaneous vision and hearing impairment

• Causes severe education and developmental challenges

• Neither considered full Deafness or Blindness

*

Deaf-Blind:

• Partially Sighted

• Low Vision

• Fully Blind

*Vision Impairment

• Some type of vision problem which results in a need for special education

*Partially Sighted

• Severe visual impairment• Unable to view with glasses or

contact lenses

*Low Vision

• Very limited field of vision or no vision

• Students learn via Braille

*Blind

• Provide accessible instructional materials to the students

• Large Print Books

• Books on tape/CD

• Braille books

*Educational Considerations

• Well-lighted room

• Clear and direct view of mouth and face

• Reduce background noise

• Speak clearly and naturally

• Make sure the lips show clearly

*ENVIRONMENT

• The interpreters can be used to aid in the understanding in a classroom

• They interpret spoken English using sign language

• Go over technical terms ahead of time with the interpreter

• When replying to a query, look at the student not the interpreter

• Student should direct all questions to the instructor and not the interpreters

*INTERPRETERS

• Can be translated into print format

• Transcribing services can be hired

• If available, use Assistive Learning Devices

• Or use Computer-Aided Real-time Translation

*AUDITORY MATERIALS

• Break-up long sentences

• Reduce difficult vocabulary load

• Reduce concept density

• Use simple coordinating conjunctions e.g. but, for, so, and

• Make technical terms absolutely clear

*WRITING CONSIDERATIONS

• Get their attention first and then address

• Do not appear alarmed

• Facial expressions, gestures and body language will help in communicating

• Sequence topics logically

• Use written announcements

• Make whiteboard notes legible

*COURTESY CONSIDERATIONS

• H: Access to auditory information

• L: requires attention and intention

• Hearing/Listening and use of linguistic information forms communication

• Normal hearing does not assure that one is a good listener

*Hearing Vs Listening

• A study has proven that both speed of processing and auditory memory can be enhanced by training.

*Hearing Vs. Listening

• A study has proven that both speed of processing and auditory memory can be enhanced by training