Deaf-Blind People: Diversity and Commonality Chapter 4.1.1.
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Transcript of Deaf-Blind People: Diversity and Commonality Chapter 4.1.1.
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Deaf-Blind People: Diversity and Commonality Chapter 4.1.1
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Overview• What does it mean for a population to
be diverse? Often we think of diversity in terms of racial and ethnic diversity; certainly this is true of people in the DB Community.
• Other elements of diversity are age, sexual orientation, education levels and family backgrounds. DB people vary along these lines as well.
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Overview, cont.Finally, what does it mean to be “deaf-blind”?
Parallel to the term “deaf” one can use this label from different perspectives:
• Medical perspective
• Practical perspective (how much can a person hear/see)
• Socio-cultural-linguistic term (core members of a Community)
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THE PRACTICAL / SERVICE AGENCY VIEW
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Variation in Hearing/Vision• Some DB people have good central
vision but very limited peripheral vision while others have cloudy central vision.
• Some DB people are hard-of-hearing while others are profoundly deaf.
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Who is Deaf-Blind: Ophthalmological, Audiological views
Blind
Partially Sighted Tunnel Vision
Sighted
Deaf DB DB Deaf
Hard-of-Hearing
DB DB Hard-of-Hearing
Hearing Blind Low
Vision Hearing
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Deaf-Blind: The Service Agency ViewServices: • Orientation & Mobility• Braille Instruction• Interpreters• SSPs• Independent Living Instruction • Advocacy• Vocational Placement
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Deaf-Blind People:Life History, the Sociological View
• Born deaf – then lose vision
• Born hearing or Hard-of-Hearing – then lose vision
• Born partially sighted or blind – then lose hearing
• Born deaf and blind
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Deaf-Blind People:Life History, the Sociological View, cont.
• Born deaf and blind
• Born deaf and blind with other complicating medical conditions
• Born hearing and sighted – then… Accident
• Etcetera
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Deaf-Blind:The Linguistic View
First Language• ASL
• English
• Other (e.g. Colombian Sign Language, spoken Spanish)
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Modality / ChannelPrimary Modality:
• Visual Sign Language
• Tactual Sign Language
• Auditory (spoken language)
• Other (e.g. Print-on-Palm – POP)
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THE DB COMMUNITY VIEW
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Disability and Community• To think of deaf-blind people as just
having a disability is to miss the importance of communication: language and culture.
• To think of deaf-blind as just being members of a socio-linguistic minority is to miss the importance of the barriers DB people face to get information and move about the town safely.
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Complexity• The temptation is to then assume one
must think of DB people on a ‘case-by-case’ basis and yet this itself is a service agency view (and an over-simplification).
• Communities are always complex and always composed of individuals and yet, they form a community, i.e. there are over-riding commonalities.
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LANGUAGE, CULTURE AND IDENTITY
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Identity• Identity is complex, situated and
evolves with time. We may, for example, identify as New Yorkers, parents, or artists and so on as, indeed do DB people.
• But, gender, race, and language-group are essential elements of our identity that grow in complexity over time, but do not change or disappear.
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Life-History and Identity • What we commonly see in the DB
Community is three sub-groups.
• The largest group are people who identified as deaf as children. The next largest group is those who identified as hearing or hard-of-hearing as children
and do not use Sign Language regularly. The third (tiny) group is people who have identified as deaf-blind since childhood.
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The DB Community and Language• The largest grouping in the DB
Community is therefore composed of people who primarily communicate using a sign language. The next largest group are those who primarily use a spoken language, and the third, people who also use a sign language.
• Remember, we are speaking here of the DB Community, not all DB people.
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Local Communities and the National Community• Many DB people live in areas with very
few DB people. They may socialize and participate primarily with non-deaf-blind people or be very isolated.
• Some DB people choose to move to cities where there are more DB people and better opportunities for participation.
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Local Communities and the National Community, cont.• Nationally, the American Association of
the Deaf-Blind (AADB) provides both educational and social opportunities for DB people.
• Internationally there are connections as well.
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Some Deaf-Blind Israelis
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Deaf-Blind Japanese
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Mexican-American DB man
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GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION
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SSPs Support Independence• SSPs work with DB people who are able
to make independent decisions.
• DB people who need help managing their money or making other life decisions need other services to support them.
• For example, one DB person may use primarily interpreters and SSPs, while another may use interpreters, SSPs, an advocate and a case manager.
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Barriers• The barriers to participation in society
for DB people are communication and transportation.
• Without access a DB person becomes more and more isolated and is forced to depend on family members.
• Technology is a tremendous help if it is available at a reasonable price with appropriate instruction.
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Barriers, cont.• DB people who live in areas where
there are good interpreters, qualified SSP service, employment and good transportation can form communities, equal friendships and avoid isolation.
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Communication Access:Qualified Interpreters
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Communication Access: SSPs
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Communication Access: Braille
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Equipment: Deaf-Blind Communicator (DBC)
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Orientation & MobilityPhoto credit: Seattle Lighthouse for the Blind, Horizons newsletter, Spring 2006
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Transportation Access
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Jobs
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FriendsCommunity, Communication, and Touch
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The DB Community is Complex: Non-DB People Can Be MembersCOMMUNITY MEMBERS• Deaf-Blind People
• Deaf-Sighted People
• Hard-of-Hearing-Sighted People
• Hearing-Sighted People
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The DB Community is Complex: Non-DB People Can Be MembersSOME AFFILIATIONS• Spouses
• Children
• Parents
• Interpreters
• SSPs
• Deaf Community members…
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Dual Roles: Interpreter-SSP
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Dual-Roles: SSP & Friend• Some SSPs also have friends who are
deaf-blind.
• It is important to be clear when you are in which role.
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Conclusion• What it means to be “deaf-blind” is
complex.
• To some extent it depends on perspective.
• Within the DB Community there is both diversity and commonality.
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Conclusion, cont.• Among professionals & DB people
there are multiple roles and relationships.
• The only way to really understand is to get involved, keep an open mind, observe and learn.
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The Future• DB people have only recently been
recognized by the law and by professionals.
• Access is still spotty and developing.
• Communities are coalescing and beginning to progress.