Ddpp 2014 integration of renewables

Integration of RenewablesChallenges for the grid

Alexander Horch, ABB Germany – Paris January 7th, 2014

Triumphal procession of renewables

§ Why bother about renewable energy generation?

§ Drivers: Climate Change & limitation of fossile fuels

è Amount of renewables generation steadily increasing

§ Islands of renewables (<1985)

§ Contribution to power generation (<1995)

§ Rising awareness (<2005)

§ Proper grid Integration (<2015)

§ In the future: Backbone of the electricity grid

§ Electricity: major part from renewables

§ Additionally: Electrify transportation

§ Additionally: Electrify / change heating / cooling

è Main future grid challenges: Capacity, Reliability, Efficiency, Sustainability

From maverick to saviour?

© ABB GroupMarch 3, 2014 | Slide 2

Integration of renewables matters!

A) New geographic distribution:

§ Increasing distance between generation and consumption

èTransport large amount of energy over long distances

§ Many small sources

èChanges in power flow direction and strength

B) Inherent and unavoidable volatility

§ Pure supply side management not sufficient any more

èStorage

èDemand side flexibility («smart grids»)

C) Renewables = little power per unit area (decentralized)

§ Renewable will cover large parts of the country

èCollection systems

On any level


Renewable energy is low-density = requires space

Source: David JC MacKay.Sustainable Energy – Without the hot air.www.withouthotair.com 2009

§ What does this mean?

§ Living only on (own) renewablesalone is not possible ein Central-Europe

§ Pumped Hydro Storage in NOand CH sufficient for EU?

§ Even if a (technical) solution canbe drafted, it requires tremen-dous changes for everyone

§ Cost needs to be consideredseparately


What technology can contribute

Drivers Problems to solve Technologies

Distant generation Transport of energy…

High-voltage DCtransmission; >2 GWtransmission; FACTS

Decentralised generation Bi-directional distribution grid…

Control and protection ofdistribution grids

Volatility Energy storage…

Electrical: Batteries; Thermo-electric energy storage;electric vehicles (?)Heat: geothermal; …Electrification of transport

Volatility Demand side flexibility…

Storage in production; activedemand;

Power per unit Space requirements, … DESERTEC

Increased energyconsumption

Energy efficiency…

Grid efficiency; industrialefficiency

…

Technology is most often not the bottleneck


What technology can contribute

Drivers Problems to solve Technologies

Distant generation Transport of energy…

High-voltage DCtransmission; >2 GWtransmission; FACTS

Decentralised generation Bi-directional power flow indistribution grids…

Control and protection ofdistribution grids

Volatility Energy storage…

Electrical: Batteries; Thermo-electric energy storage;electric vehicles (?)Heat: geothermal; …Electrification of transport

Volatility Demand side flexibility…

Storage in production; activedemand («smart grid»)

Power per unit Space requirements, … DESERTEC

Increased energyconsumption

Energy efficiency…

Grid efficiency; industrialefficiency

…

Technology is most often not the bottleneck

DC – Direct CurrentGW – Giga WattFACTS – flexible alternating current transmission systemwww.desertec.org


Smart Technologies - Flexible AC* Transmission Systems

§ A flexible alternating current transmissionsystem (FACTS) is a system composed ofstatic equipment used for the AC transmissionof electrical energy. It is meant to enhancecontrollability and increase power transfercapability of the network. It is generally apower electronics-based system.

§ Early grids: power flows where physics leads it

§ Mature grids: operators govern power flow

§ Future grids: control power flow in real-time

§ FACTS increase capacity up to 50%

§ FACTS stabilize power grids

More power through the same line

Source: http://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/the-smarter-grid/flexible-ac-transmission-the-facts-machine*AC – Alternating Current

è Both is heavily needed for integration of renewable power


Transport of energy over large distances

§ Enabled by modern power electronics

§ More efficient than AC transmission

§ > 100 km subsea (cable)

§ > 500 km overhead line

§ Decouple grids from each other

§ Backbone for energy from deserts

§ Grow to a global grid one day?

High-voltage direct current transmission (HVDC)



Energy Efficiency – a comprehensive taskGeneration, transport and better utilization of electricity

Up to 80 percent losses along the energy value chainSome losses inherent to the generation of electricity

Energy efficiency along the value chain can reduce losses by 30 percent

Avai

labl

een

ergy

More efficientfuel combustion

Improvedpipeline flows

Improved wellefficiency

Lower line losses,higher substation

efficiencyImproved

productivity Buildingmanagement

Primary energy Transport Generation T&D IndustryCommercialResidential

80%

loss

es

30%

savi

ng

Energy Storage – Key component for future grids

§ Pumped hydro is the most efficient storage facility

§ However,

§ Bound to mountain areas

§ Potential locations (largely) already explored

§ Alternatives (location-independent, environmentally friendly)

§ Battery technology à research ongoing and needed

§ Thermo-electric energy storage (TEES)

Pumped Hydro alone not sufficient


1500 € / kw> 50 MW> 60% efficiencyPilot application plannedby ABB

Charging cycle: store electrical energyas heat («fridge»)

Discharging cycle: generate electrical energyby heat engine («power plant»)

Wide Area Monitoring and Control (WAMC)

§ Introduced in the last decade.

§ Provides dynamical wide area view.

§ Based on local measurements of current andvoltages synchronized by accurate GPS data.

§ Contributes significantly to grid stability.

§ Increased necessity due to increasing intermittent,volatile energy sources.

The complete grid in focus

Month DD, Year | Slide 11© ABB Group

Industrial Demand Side Management

§ Flexibility on the consumption side should include large concentratedconsumers such as

§ Steel plants, Pulp mills, Cement plants, …

§ Load shedding already common practice

§ Flexibility can also be provided by production re-scheduling with differentenergy constraints

Example: Energy Storage in Production


Conclusions

§ Main enabling technologies

§ Stable and reliable power grids (FACTS, WAMC, …)

§ Energy Storage (TEES, Pumped hydro, batteries, …)

§ Bulk energy transfer (HVDC, …)

§ Balance of demand and supply (Smart Grid, Demand& supply flexibilization, …)

§ Technology alone does not suffice, also need

§ Standards (make sure technology «fit together»)

§ Regulations (reliable framework for investements)

§ Mind of change in people§ The world needs to change – but the world works.

Integration of Renewables – not only technology


Contact Details

3/3/2014 | Slide 14© ABB Group

Department HeadAutomation Device Technologies

ABB AGCorporate Research CenterDE-68526 Ladenburg

Mobil +49 171 307 6403E-Mail: [email protected]

Alexander Horch

Ddpp 2014 integration of renewables

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