DCN Assignment#1

8/7/2019 DCN Assignment#1

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Assignment:Data communication and networks

Topic: Architecture of V-Phone to V-phone and

V-Phone to landline

SUBMITTED TO: Dr. Fareeha

SUBMITTED BY:Zunairakanwal

ROLL NO:114-bscs-08

SECTION:C

Government college university lahore


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There are three generations in networking

1. AMPS2. GSM3. CDMA

AMPS:This technology is Analog base and no concept of internet in it e.g.paktel

GSMs:Concept of internet exits in it and its speed was 380kbps.E.g.ufone, Telenor.

CDMA: This is used in WLL(Wireless local loop) and its speed is 9.2 mbps.

Frequencies: 450 MHz in Rural areas and its range is 20-25kmwhereas 1900 in

urban areas and its range is 3-6km.

Wireless local loop (WLL):

It is the system that connects subscribers to the public switched

phone network (PSTN) using radio signals as a substitute for copper for all or part of the connection

between the subscriber and the switch. This includes cordless access system, proprietary fixed radio

access, and fixed cellular system.WLL uses various system/technologies i.e. CDMA, TDMA, FDMA. In

Pakistan WLL is base on CDMA technology.

FDMA:

Traffic channels: different frequency bands are allocated to different users,for example, AMPS

and TACS


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TDMA:

Traffic channels: different time slots are allocated to different users, for example, DAMPS and

GSM

CDMA:

Traffic channels:different users are assigned unique code and transmitted over the same

frequency band, for example, WCDMA and CDMA2000.

CDMA2000:

CDMA2000 is the third generation radio transmission standard. It is the

upgraded version of CDMAone, which is currently deployed in USA. CDMA2000 can use wider

spectrum than the CDMA and therefore it can transmit and receive information faster and

efficiently. It is compatible with CDMAone. So it can protect the operators investment by

providing simple and cost effective migration path to the next generation.

Frequency

Frequency

User

UserUser

UserUserUser


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The CDMA2000 is classified into two phases namely 1XRTT and 3XRTT. According to

1XRTT the CDMA2000 can be implemented using the existing spectrum allocations (1.25MHz).

It is capable of providing voice and data services. It uses a wide band of spectrum. So the

operators can offer high data rate up to 2Mbps. The Key features of CDMA2000 are:

y Simultaneous voice and data support for multimedia service.y Higher data rates and good quality of voice.y Simple and cost effective migration from the 2nd Generation mobile communication

CDMA2000 1X NetworkStructure

MS:MobileStation BTS: Base TransceiverStation

BSC: BaseStationController MSC:MobileSwitchingCenter

HLR :Home Location Register VLR: Visitor Location Register

PCF:Packet dataControlFunction PDSN:PacketDataService Node

HA: HomeAgent FA:ForeignAgent


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SCP:ServiceControlPoint Radius: RemoteAuthenticationDial-in UserServic

MobileStation (MS):

The MS is the mobile subscriber equipment, which can originate and receive calls and

communicate with the BTS.

Base Transceiver Station (BTS):

The BTS transmits and receives radio signals, realizing

communication between the radio system and the mobile station

Base Station Controller (BSC):

The BSC implements the following functions:

Base Transceiver Station (BTS) control and management, call connection and

disconnection, mobility management, stable and reliable radio link provision for the upper-layer

services by soft/hard handoff, power control, and radio resource management.

Base Station Subsystem:

BSS provides the wireless access network function

between the switching network and the mobile subscriber. It comprises the Base Transceiver

Station (BTS) and Base Station Controller (BSC).

Packet Control Function (PCF):

The PCF implements the R-P connection

management. Because of the shortage of radio resources, some radio channels should be released

when subscribers do not send or receive data, but the PPP connection is maintained continuously.

The PCF can shield radio mobility for the upper-layer services via handoff.

PacketDataService Node (PDSN):

The PDSN implements the switching of packet data

services of mobile subscribers. One PDSN can be connected to multiple PCFs. It provides the

interface between the radio network and the packet data network.

Home Agent (HA):


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The agent locates at the place where the Mobile Node opens its

account; receive the registration information from MN. Similar as HLR in mobile

network.Broadcast the accessible information of MN. Setup the tunnel between FA&HA.

Transfer the data from other computer to the MN via the tunnel.

Mobile Switching Center (MSC):

The MSC implements the service switching

between the calling and called subscribers. One MSC is connected with multiple BSCs. The

MSC can also be connected to the PSTN, ISDN or other MSCs. It provides the interface between

the radio network and PSTN.

GMSC:

An MSC that is capable of the intersystem procedures between entities in the

network reference model so as to provide service.

Visitor Location Register (VLR):

It is a dynamic database, stores the

temporary information (all data necessary to set up call connections) of the roaming subscribers

in the local MSC area. VLR is used to store the subscriber information of all the MSs in its local

area, which can be used to establish the incoming/outgoing call connections, to support basic

services, supplementary services and mobility management.

Home Location Register (HLR):

It is a database for mobile subscriber management, the HLR (Home Location Register) is

responsible for storing subscription information (telecom service subscription information and

subscriber status), MS location information, MDN, IMSI (MIN), etc. The AC (Authentication

Center) is physically combined with the HLR. It is a functional entity of the HLR, specially

dedicated to the security management of the CDMA system. It stores the authentication

information. It also prevents unauthorized subscribers from accessing the system and preventsthe radio interface data from being stolen.

Service Switching Point (SSP):


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Service Switching Point (SSP), as the

functional entity of IN (Intelligent Network), is responsible for the provision of IN service

related switching.

Service Control Point (SCP):

As the core entity of Intelligent Network (IN), a Service Control Point (SCP) saves the

subscriber data and service logic. SCP is receives the query information sent from SSP querying

database and coding. Also, SCP starts different service logic based on the call events reported by

SSP, and sends call control instructions according to the service logic to the corresponding SSP

to guide its next action, thus realizing various kinds of IN calls.

Intelligent Peripheral (IP):

The Intelligent Peripheral (IP) is a network functional unit built in MSC. It provides

private resources to SSP via internal interface, implementing various intelligent network services.


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A typical CDMA Network

Therearethreesections:

BSS:BSS consists of BTS and BSC

NSS:NSS consists of MSC, HLR and VLR

WIN:WIN consists of SCP, CMSC and PDSN

MS BS MSC

HL

R

AC

EIR

ISDN

MC

Um A

BC

D

E

H

Di

MSC

F

VL

R

MCSMESME

N

MMM

Q

SC

PSC

PSS

P

A

i

T

1

T

8

I

P

HL

R

I

P

T

2

T3T5

T9


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More than one BTS attach With BSC.One BSC attach with with one MSC.

MSC work is to interfacing and authentication and its attach with VLR and HLR.VLR check that

this user is of that router or not.HLR connected with WIN.

WIN has three types :y Prepaidy Postpaidy Semi prepaid

PDSN and CMSC check that credit exists ot not and SCP will cut off charges of calls.

Architecture of V-Phone to V-Phone call:

Signal

BSS

WIN

NSS MS

Dataservice

B

S

C

BTS

BTS

BTS

H

L

R

A

U

C

M

S

C

VLR

P

D

S

N

C

M

S

C

SCP

042-7812710

042-781692


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Architecture of V-Phone to landline call:

Signal

PSTN

MS

BSS

WIN

NSS

Dataservice

Othernetwork

B

S

C

BTS

BTS

BTS

H

L

R

A

U

C

M

S

C

VLR

P

D

S

N

C

M

S

C

SCP

PSTN

042-75583752

042-7812710


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Call happen through IMSI(interaction mobile subscriber identification)

MDN and MSC match tehey check that is is for mobile or landline.

Reference:PTCL (WLL)Agertonroad MR jamil.

wikipedia


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