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Michael Faraday

Faraday was a British chemist and physicist who contributed

significantly to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.

Michael Faraday was born on 22 September 1791 in south

London. His family was not well off and Faraday received only a basic formal education.

When he was 14, he was apprenticed to a local bookbinder and during the next seven

years, educated himself by reading books on a wide range of scientific subjects. In

1812, Faraday attended four lectures given by the chemist Humphry Davy at the Royal

Institution. Faraday subsequently wrote to Davy asking for a job as his assistant. Davy

turned him down but in 1813 appointed him to the job of chemical assistant at the Royal

Institution.

A year later, Faraday was invited to accompany Davy and his wife on an 18

month European tour, taking in France, Switzerland, Italy and Belgium and meeting

many influential scientists. On their return in 1815, Faraday continued to work at the

Royal Institution, helping with experiments for Davy and other scientists. In 1821 he

published his work on electromagnetic rotation (the principle behind the electric motor).

He was able to carry out little further research in the 1820s, busy as he was with other

projects. In 1826, he founded the Royal Institution's Friday Evening Discourses and in

the same year the Christmas Lectures, both of which continue to this day. He himself

gave many lectures, establishing his reputation as the outstanding scientific lecturer of

his time.

In 1831, Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction, the principle behind the

electric transformer and generator. This discovery was crucial in allowing electricity to

be transformed from a curiosity into a powerful new technology. During the remainder of

the decade he worked on developing his ideas about electricity. He was partly

responsible for coining many familiar words including 'electrode', 'cathode' and 'ion'.

Faraday's scientific knowledge was harnessed for practical use through various official

appointments, including scientific adviser to Trinity House (1836-1865) and Professor of

Chemistry at the Royal Military Academy in Woolwich (1830-1851).

However, in the early 1840s, Faraday's health began to deteriorate and he did

less research. He died on 25 August 1867 at Hampton Court, where he had been given

official lodgings in recognition of his contribution to science. He gave his name to the

'farad', originally describing a unit of electrical charge but later a unit of electrical

capacitance. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/faraday_michael.shtml)

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James Clerk Maxwell

James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 5 November 1879) was a

Scottishmathematical physicist.His most notable achievement was to formulate the

classical theory ofelectromagnetic radiation,bringing together for the first time

electricity,magnetism,and light as manifestations of the same phenomenon.Maxwell's

equations for electromagnetism have been called the "second great unification in

physics" after the first one realized byIsaac Newton.James was also a dedicated

Christian from his childhood and saw his science as a natural extension of his faith.

With the publication ofA Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field in 1865,Maxwell demonstrated thatelectric andmagnetic fields travel through space

aswaves moving at thespeed of light.Maxwell proposed that light is an undulation in

the same medium that is the cause of electric and magnetic phenomena. The unification

of light and electrical phenomena led to the prediction of the existence ofradio waves.

Maxwell helped develop theMaxwellBoltzmann distribution,a statistical means

of describing aspects of thekinetic theory of gases.He is also known for presenting the

first durablecolour photograph in 1861 and for his foundational work on analysing

therigidity of rod-and-joint frameworks (trusses)like those in many bridges.

His discoveries helped usher in the era of modern physics, laying the foundation

for such fields asspecial relativity andquantum mechanics.Many physicists regard

Maxwell as the 19th-century scientist having the greatest influence on 20th-century

physics. His contributions to the science are considered by many to be of the same

magnitude as those ofIsaac Newton andAlbert Einstein.In the millennium polla

survey of the 100 most prominent physicistsMaxwell was voted the third greatest

physicist of all time, behind only Newton and Einstein. On the centenary of Maxwell's

birthday, Einstein described Maxwell's work as the "most profound and the most fruitful

that physics has experienced since the time of Newton".

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_equationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_equationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Dynamical_Theory_of_the_Electromagnetic_Fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_waveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%E2%80%93Boltzmann_distributionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%E2%80%93Boltzmann_distributionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%E2%80%93Boltzmann_distributionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_rigidityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einsteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einsteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_rigidityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%E2%80%93Boltzmann_distributionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_waveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Dynamical_Theory_of_the_Electromagnetic_Fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_equationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_equationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_physics

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Thomas Edison

Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847

October 18, 1931)

was anAmericaninventor andbusinessman.He developed many

devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including

thephonograph,themotion picture camera,and a long-lasting,

practical electriclight bulb.Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park", he was one of the

firstinventors to apply the principles ofmass production and large-scale teamwork to

the process of invention, and because of that, he is often credited with the creation of

the first industrialresearch laboratory.

Edison was aprolific inventor,holding 1,093US patents in his name,as well as

many patents in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. More significant than the

number of Edison's patents was the widespread impact of his inventions:electric

light and powerutilities,sound recording,andmotion pictures all established major new

industries world-wide. Edison's inventions contributed tomass communication and, in

particular, telecommunications. These included astock ticker,a mechanical vote

recorder, a battery for an electric car, electrical power, recorded music andmotion

pictures.

His advanced work in these fields was an outgrowth of his early career as a

telegraph operator. Edison developed a system of electric-power generation and

distribution to homes, businesses, and factories

a crucial development in the modern

industrialized world. His firstpower station was on Pearl Street inManhattan,New York.

(from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Edison)

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Emile Berlineror Emil Berliner(May 20, 1851 August 3,

1929) was aGerman-bornAmericaninventor.He is best known for

developing thedisc recordgramophone (phonographinAmerican

English). He founded theBerliner Gramophone Company in 1895,

TheGramophone Company inLondon, England,in 1897,Deutsche

Grammophon inHanover,Germany,in 1898 andBerliner Gram-o-

phone Company of Canada inMontreal in 1899 (chartered in 1904).

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emile_Berliner)

Heinrich Rudolf Hertzwas born in 1857 inHamburg,then a

sovereign state of theGerman Confederation,into a prosperous and

culturedHanseatic family. His fatherGustav Ferdinand Hertz (originally

named David Gustav Hertz) (18271914) was a barrister and later a

senator. His mother was Anna Elisabeth Pfefferkorn.

Hertz's paternal grandfather, Heinrich David Hertz (originally named Hertz Hertz)

(17971862), was a businessman, and his paternal grandmother, Bertha "Betty"

Oppenheim, was the daughter of the bankerSalomon Oppenheim, Jr. fromCologne.

Hertz's paternal great-grandfather, David Wolff Hertz (17571822), fourth son of

Benjamin Wolff Hertz, moved to Hamburg in 1793, where he made his living as a

jeweller; he and his wife Schne Hertz (17601834) were buried in the former Jewish

cemetery in Ottensen. Their first son, Wolff Hertz (17901859), was chairman of the

Jewish community.

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz's father and paternal grandparents had converted

fromJudaism toChristianity in 1834. His mother's family was a Lutheran pastor's family.

While studying at theGelehrtenschule des Johanneums in Hamburg, HeinrichRudolf Hertz showed an aptitude for sciences as well as languages,

learningArabic andSanskrit.He studied sciences and engineering in the German cities

ofDresden,Munich andBerlin,where he studied underGustav R.

Kirchhoff andHermann von Helmholtz.In 1880, Hertz obtained his PhD from

theUniversity of Berlin,and for the next three years remained for post-doctoral study

under Helmholtz, serving as his assistant. In 1883, Hertz took a post as a lecturer in

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theoretical physics at theUniversity of Kiel.In 1885, Hertz became a full professor at

theUniversity of Karlsruhe.

In 1886 Hertz married Elisabeth Doll, the daughter of Dr. Max Doll, a lecturer in

geometry at Karlsruhe. They had two daughters: Johanna, born on 20 October 1887

andMathilde,born on 14 January 1891, who went on to become a notable biologist.

During this time Hertz conducted his landmark research into Electromagnetic waves.

Hertz took a position of Professor of Physics and Director of the Physics Institute

inBonn on 3 April 1889, a position he held until January 1894. During this time he

worked on theoretical on mechanics with his work published in the book Die Prinzipien

der Mechanik in neuem Zusammenhange dargestellt(The Principles of Mechanics

Presented in a New Form), published posthumously in 1894.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz)

Guglielmo Marconi, 1st Marquis of Marconi 25 April

1874 20 July 1937) was anItalian inventor andelectrical

engineer,known for his pioneering work on long-distanceradio

transmission[1]and for his development ofMarconi's law and

aradio telegraph system. He is often[quantify]credited as

theinventor of radio,and he shared the 1909Nobel Prize in

Physics withKarl Ferdinand Braun "in recognition of their

contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy". An

entrepreneur, businessman, and founder inBritain in 1897

ofThe Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company (which became theMarconi Company),

Marconi succeeded in making a commercial success of radio by innovating and building

on the work of previous experimenters and physicists. In 1929 the King of Italy ennobled

Marconi as aMarchese (marquis). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Kielhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Karlsruhehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathilde_Carmen_Hertzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marconi%27s_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_telegraphhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventor_of_radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marconi_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marconi_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marconi_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marconi_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventor_of_radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_telegraphhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marconi%27s_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathilde_Carmen_Hertzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Karlsruhehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Kiel

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Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (October 6, 1866 July 22, 1932)

was a Canadian inventor who performed pioneering experiments

inradio,including the use ofcontinuous waves and the earlyand

possibly the firstradio transmissions of voice and music. In his later

career he received hundreds ofpatents for devices in fields such as

high-powered transmitting,sonar,andtelevision.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden)

Sir John Ambrose Fleming(29 November 1849 18 April

1945) was an Englishelectrical engineer andphysicist.He is known

for inventing the firstthermionic valve orvacuum tube.He is also

famous for theleft hand rule (for electric motors). He was born theeldest of seven children of James Fleming DD (died 1879),

aCongregational minister, and his wife, Mary Ann, atLancaster,

Lancashire and baptized on 11 February 1850.

He was a devout Christian and preached on one occasion atSt

Martin-in-the-Fields in London on the topic of evidence for theresurrection.In 1932,

along withDouglas Dewar andBernard Acworth,he helped establish theEvolution

Protest Movement.Having no children, he bequeathed much of his estate to Christian

charities, especially those that helped the poor. He was an accomplished photographer

and, in addition, he painted watercolors and enjoyed climbing in theAlps.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ambrose_Fleming)

Lee de Forest(August 26, 1873 June 30, 1961) was an

Americaninventorwith over 180 patents to his credit. He named

himself the "Father of Radio," with this famous quote, "I discovered an

Invisible Empire of the Air, intangible, yet solid as granite,".

In 1906 de Forest invented theAudion,the firsttriodevacuum

tube and the first electrical device which couldamplify a

weakelectrical signal and make it stronger. The Audion, and vacuum tubes developed

from it, founded the field ofelectronics and dominated it for forty years, makingradio

broadcasting,television, and long-distance telephone service possible, among many

other applications. For this reason de Forest has been called one of the fathers of the

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"electronic age". He is also credited with one of the principal inventions that brought

sound to motion pictures.

He was involved in several patent lawsuits, and spent a substantial part of his

income from his inventions on legal bills. He had four marriages and 25 companies. He

was indicted for mail fraud, but later was acquitted.

De Forest was a charter member of theInstitute of Radio Engineers.DeVry

University was originally named De Forest Training School by its founder Dr. Herman A.

De Vry, who was a friend and colleague of de Forest.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_de_Forest)

Edwin Howard Armstrong(December 18, 1890

January 31, 1954) was an Americanelectrical

engineer andinventor.He has been called "the most prolific and

influential inventor in radio history". He invented theregenerative

circuit while he was an undergraduate andpatented it in 1914,

followed by the super-regenerative circuit in 1922, and thesuper

heterodyne receiver in 1918. Armstrong was also the inventor of modernfrequency

modulation (FM) radio transmission.

Armstrong was born in New York City, New York, in 1890. He studied at

Columbia University where he was a member of the Epsilon Chapter of theThetaXi Fraternity. He later became a professor at Columbia University. He held 42 patents

and received numerous awards, including the firstInstitute of Radio

Engineers nowIEEE Medal of Honor,the FrenchLegion of Honor,the 1941Franklin

Medal and the 1942Edison Medal.He is a member of theNational Inventors Hall of

Fame and theInternational Telecommunications Union's roster of great inventors.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Howard_Armstrong)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Radio_Engineershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeVry_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeVry_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheterodyne_receiverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheterodyne_receiverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_modulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_modulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theta_Xihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theta_Xihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Radio_Engineershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Radio_Engineershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_Medal_of_Honorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_of_Honorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edison_Medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Inventors_Hall_of_Famehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Inventors_Hall_of_Famehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Telecommunications_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Telecommunications_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Inventors_Hall_of_Famehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Inventors_Hall_of_Famehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edison_Medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_of_Honorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_Medal_of_Honorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Radio_Engineershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Radio_Engineershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theta_Xihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theta_Xihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_modulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_modulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheterodyne_receiverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheterodyne_receiverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeVry_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeVry_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Radio_Engineers

8/10/2019 DC 110

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DevComm 110

Fundamentals of Community

Broadcasting

Kaalim, Fatima A.

BSDC 2-2

8/10/2019 DC 110

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