Db exercises

DESIGNBUILDER ‐ Simulation ExercisesDESIGNBUILDER ‐ Simulation Exercises

Thi i i d f d Th f d f i i lThis is a private draft document. The state of sources and references is incomplete.

No distribution and/or reproduction is permitted.

K. Orehounig and A. MahdaviDepartment of Building Physics and Building Ecology

Vi U i it f T h l A t iVienna University of Technology, Austria

www.bpi.tuwien.ac.at

Designbuilder‐Simulation Exercises , K. Orehounig January 2010 I 1

1. Exercise – simple building1. Exercise simple building

Create simple rectangular building:

External dimensions: 30 x 20m

Wall thickness: 0.3m

Block height ground 3.5 m

Block height 1st floor 3.0 m

Pitched roof (non gable) slope 25 degrees with 0.5 m overhang

and wall thickness 0.1m


1. Exercise – simple building1. Exercise simple building

• Check wall thickness set correctly

• Internal zone floor dimensions should be 19.4 x 29.4m

• Internal area = 570.36m²‐check in Navigator (below)


2. Exercise – Drag face2. Exercise Drag face

Before face is dragged

After face has been dragged


2. Exercise – Drag face2. Exercise Drag face

D bl k 20 20 d 6 hi h• Draw a block 20m x 20m and 6m high

•Starting at the south west corner add a block that is 3m high

and extends 12m along the south wall of the original block and

stands out from that block by 6m

• Now use the Drag face tool to pull the smaller block out to a

distance of 10m


3. Exercise – cutting tool3. Exercise cutting tool

Using cutting and protractor tools to create a mono pitch roofUsing cutting and protractor tools to create a mono pitch roof


3. Exercise – cutting tool3. Exercise cutting tool

Using cutting and protractor tools to create a mono pitch roof:

• Continuing from Exercise 2, use the drag face tool to increase the

height of the larger block by 2m

• Turn on the protractor and set the increment to 5°

• Use the Cut Block tool to cut the block across the south face at 5

degrees starting at a height of 5m from the south west corner

• Delete smaller cut block to leave a mono‐pitched sloping roof


4. Exercise – horizontal extruded block4. Exercise horizontal extruded block

Using a horizontal extruded block to create a roof


4. Exercise – horizontal extruded block4. Exercise horizontal extruded block

h ll d d bl k fUsing a horizontally extruded block to create a roof

• Draw a simple block 10m x 20m and 3.5m high

Add bl d f ith th t h b l• Add a gable end roof with the geometry shown below

• Ridge is 2.5m above eaves and 7m from left hand corner

• Suggest use construction line (in blue) to locate ridge• Suggest use construction line (in blue) to locate ridge

position


5. Exercise – Outline blocks5. Exercise Outline blocks

Using Outline blocks to create complex geometry


Source: Introductory Training course, Paul Carey, DesignBuilder-Simulation-Training, London 2009 – DesignbuilderTM

5. Exercise – Outline blocks5. Exercise Outline blocks

Using Outline blocks to create complex geometryUsing Outline blocks to create complex geometry

• From Exercise 4, switch on increment snap

• Add dormer window outline block in middle of steeper• Add dormer window outline block in middle of steeper

sloping slope roof –align vertical face with wall below

• 3 m wide, vertical wall height 1m and sloping roof at 30°3 m wide, vertical wall height 1m and sloping roof at 30


5a. Exercise – cutting plane5a. Exercise cutting plane

• Cut outline block using roof as cutting plane (cutting method = Select• Cut outline block using roof as cutting plane (cutting method = Select

plane)

• Convert dormer outline block to building block using wall thicknessConvert dormer outline block to building block using wall thickness

0.1m


5b. Exercise – windows and holes5b. Exercise windows and holes

• Add a window (approximately 2 m x 0.4m)

(start at x=0.4 m, y=0.5m)

• Cut a hole in the sloping roof

• merge the dormer zone with the main roofspace zone (use

‘Merge zones connected by holes’ Model option)


6. Exercise – component blocks6. Exercise component blocks

Setting ground adjacencies using component blocks



Using ground component blocks to set ground adjacency

• Create a two storey building with flat roof 15m x 20m with default block

heights. Use Block wall thickness of 0.3m.

• Add gable roof with 30º slope 0.5m overlap

• The ground rises along the south wall from floor level at the west corner to

1.75m at the east corner

• Use a ground component block to set the adjacency for the south wall.



Setting ground adjacency using component block

• Note how the ground component block has

modified the layout of the default façade

• Go down to the surface level and check

that the surface next to the ground

component block has been split into 2

adjacenciesadjacencies


7. Exercise – Adiabatic component blocks7. Exercise Adiabatic component blocks


7. Exercise – Adiabatic component blocks7. Exercise Adiabatic component blocks

• Using adiabatic component blocks to represent other spaces at

similar conditions

• Add 4m high, 6m wide adiabatic block to middle of North facade

• Using standard component blocks for shading and reflections

•Add standard block in front of West face


8. Exercise – Assigning activities & zoning8. Exercise Assigning activities & zoning

• Standard block should be removed again

• Using the top floor block add a 2m wide corridor down the middle

of the block

• Insert partitions to create

4 cellular offices along west wall


8. Exercise – Zoning the building8. Exercise Zoning the building


8. Exercise – Renaming Blocks and Zones8. Exercise Renaming Blocks and Zones


9. Exercise ‐ constructions9. Exercise constructions

Add an unconditioned pitched roof (specify space as semi‐exterior unconditioned)

Create a new external wall construction and apply it to second floor and roof

blocks:

l l h h ll l dd h k (l k d l )• Outer layer –lightweight metallic cladding 2 mm thick (look under metals)

• Insulation polyurethane board diffusion tight, 100mm thick

I l t bl k ith 1800 k / ³ d it• Inner layer ‐concrete block with 1800 kg/m³ density,

100mm thick


9. Exercise ‐ constructions9. Exercise constructions


10a. Exercise – defining openings10a. Exercise defining openings

• Change default glazing to the whole building to Dbl LoE(e2=0 1) ClrChange default glazing to the whole building to Dbl LoE(e2=0.1) Clr

6mm/13mm Air

• Change all top floor openings to be 20% glazed, 1.6m height and 1.0m sillChange all top floor openings to be 20% glazed, 1.6m height and 1.0m sill

height (block level change).

• Alter all top floor West wall windows to have 40% glazing, 2m high with a p g g, g

sill height of 1m.

• South wall ground floor has no glazing

• North wall has a door (1 m x2 m)

• Visualize to check correct positioning


10b. Exercise – copy of openings10b. Exercise copy of openings

• At building level remove all ground floor West wall windowsg g

• Copy windows from West wall top floor to ground floor

• Visualize to check correct positioning


11. Exercise ‐ Heating Design Calculations

•From Exercise 10 model

11. Exercise Heating Design Calculations

From Exercise 10 model

•Set Location to London (Gatwick Airport)

•Run Heating Design Calculation,

using System sizing design margin of 1.8g y g g g

•View Detailed and Summary results


12. Exercise ‐ Cooling Design Calculations12. Exercise Cooling Design Calculations

• Starting from Exercise 11 modelStarting from Exercise 11 model

• Switch on Cooling in cellular offices

• Run Cooling Design Calculation, using System

sizing design margin of 1.2

•View Detailed and Summary results


13. Exercise – Simulation13. Exercise Simulation

•We go back to our model and simulate•We go back to our model and simulate

• Monthly and Annual (for 365 days)

• Daily

• Hourlyy

• View results


14a. Exercise – Shading14a. Exercise Shading

• Create a volume with floor plan dimensions 20x10 Single Zone

(h i h 3 5 )(height 3,5m)

• Run cooling design simulations

L k t D t I t l i “• Look at Data: „Internal gains“

• Lock axes, select „graph and table“

• Export it as report topic• Export it as report topic


14b. Exercise ‐ Shading14b. Exercise Shading

• Go back to the edit screen

A b ildi l l h i b“ d h h di• At building level go to the „opening tab“ and open the shading

header switch to „window shading“

h th f ll i tti• choose the following settings:

• and perform cooling design simulations againand perform cooling design simulations again

• export it again as a report topic


14c. Exercise ‐ Shading14c. Exercise Shading

• Go back to the edit screen

h i d f h d l d“ l l “• now choose instead of „scheduled“ control type „solar“

• and perform cooling design simulations again

• export it again as a report topicexport it again as a report topic


14d. Exercise ‐ Shading14d. Exercise Shading

• Go back to your model

i h ff i d h di “ d i h l l h di “• switch off „window shading“ and switch on „local shading“

• select „overhang and sidefins (1m projection)“

li d i i l ti i• run cooling design simulations again

• export it again as a report topic


14e. Exercise ‐ Shading14e. Exercise Shading

• Go back to your model

ll h di i ff• turn all shading options off

• on the layout tab draw a large

t bl k i f t fcomponent block in front of

south‐facing windows.

(1m away from the building(1m away from the building,

and 20m high)

• Construction tab at Building levelConstruction tab at Building level

Transmittance can be changed

from 0 (opaque) to 1 (maximum

transmittance)


transmittance)

15a. Exercise – Timing ‐ Typical workday/Schedules15a. Exercise Timing Typical workday/Schedules

Typical workday:

∙ Create a new project using London Gatwick location and the Default 20x10

Single Zone template.

∙ On the Model options dialog: set the timing option to Typical workday.

∙ At building level on the Activity tab, template: Office_OpenOff, Office Equipment

change the On time to 8:00 and Off time to 20:00.

∙ Now run a Cooling design calculation

∙ Use default calculation options select just 4‐Internal gains results and look at results Use default calculation options, select just 4 Internal gains results and look at results for Computer + Equip.



∙ Notice that the maximum heat gain is the 15 W/m2 requested x floor area of182.7m2 = 2.74 kW.

The data displayed on the graphs is for solar time, i.e. with no modification for daylight saving. So at midday the sun has maximum altitude. Also data is displayed for the previous 30 minutes in Cooling design results (or previous 1 hour when viewing hourlyprevious 1 hour when viewing hourly simulation results).



Computer + Equip results at 7:30 t ll t th h t i t thactually represent the heat gain to the

space over the time 7:00‐7:30 solar time or 8:00‐8:30 local clock time.

Times are solar timesSchedules are defined in local time


15b Exercise: 7/12 Schedules

• On the Model options dialog set the Timing option back to Schedules.


• Go to the Activity tab, building level.

• Create a new schedule to control the Office equipment.

Cli k th Offi i t S h d l t th li t f h d l i th• Click on the Office equipment Schedule to open the list of schedules in the

Data panel on the right then click on the + Add new item toolbar icon to

create a new schedulecreate a new schedule.

• Give the new schedule a name e.g. “Occupancy schedule”.

• Leave the type as 7/12 Schedule Leave the Design days data too (This data• Leave the type as 7/12 Schedule. Leave the Design days data too. (This data

describes how the schedule should behave if you use the (default))



• Profiles are selected for cells in the grid by first selecting the cells to be


defined then by clicking on the Edit selected cells link on the right.

• So first click on the Month cell in the top left to select all cells, i.e. all

kd i ll thweekdays in all months.

• Then click on Edit selected cells to open a list

of existing profiles Select the profileof existing profiles. Select the profile

8:30 ‐ 16:00 and press OK

• select all weekdays and set them to• select all weekdays and set them to

the profile 8:30‐16:00

• now set the weekends to be switched offnow set the weekends to be switched off.

• Perform Cooling design calculations

(SummerDesignDay)


( g y)

15b. Exercise: 7/12 Schedules

• Press OK to create the Schedule.

15b. Exercise: 7/12 Schedules

• select this new schedule.

• Run another Cooling design calculation

Equipment stops at 15:30

(this is 16:30 local time andEquipment starts at 8:00

(this is 9:00 local time, and

(this is 16:30 local time, and

corresponds to 16:00-16:30

corresponds to 8:30-9:00


16a. Exercise ‐ HVAC

• Ensure Simple HVAC and Schedule natural ventilation model options are

16a. Exercise HVAC

selected.

• Select „Delhi“ as a location

• Window shading using “High reflectivity slats” “inside” and 4‐Solar control

with a 150 W/m² setpoint, T5 fluorescent lights, no daylight control.

• At the Activity tab set the heating setpoint to 20°C and the cooling setpoint to

26°C.



•At Building level go to the HVAC tab and load the “Packaged direct expansion

16a. Exercise HVAC

HVAC template“

• Set the Mechanical ventilation Outside air definition method to 1‐By Zone.

(This means that the Outside air ac/h rate entered on the slider below will be

used directly. Other options will be explored in the next Example.)

/• Set the Mechanical ventilation Outside air delivery to be 2 ac/h.

• Leave the Mechanical ventilation Operation schedule to be

Offi O Off OOffice_OpenOff_Occ.



• Go to the simulation tab: select hourly and daily results for the full year

16a. Exercise HVAC

„annual simulations“



Daily results

16a. Exercise HVAC

Cooling loads, no

heating available



Change to „Hourly results“

16a. Exercise HVAC

For 7 days

Air temperature

minimum 26°C

Ach coupled with

occupancy

weekend


16b. Exercise ‐ HVAC

• Change the weather at the location tab to a colder climate “London Gatwick

16b. Exercise HVAC

ARPT”

•At building level on the “HVAC tab” set the Mechanical ventilation Outside air

d fi iti th d t b 2 Mi f h i (Thi th t thdefinition method to be 2‐Min fresh air per person. (This means that the

maximum mechanical ventilation fresh air is calculated from the occupancy of

the zone and the minimum fresh air requirement per person Both these arethe zone and the minimum fresh air requirement per person. Both these are

defined by the activity.

• Go to the Activity tab” note that the “occupancy density” is set as 0 11• Go to the „Activity tab note that the occupancy density is set as 0.11

people/m2. Under “Environmental Control” > “Minimum Fresh Air

Header” Note the Fresh air requirement per person is set to 10 l/s perHeader . Note the Fresh air requirement per person is set to 10 l/s per

person. The Mech vent per area data would also be used if we had selected 4‐

Min fresh air (Sum per person + per area) option.


( p p p ) p


• Change the “Heating set back” to 16°C. This will be the set point whenever the Heating Operation Schedule has a value of 0.5.

16b. Exercise HVAC

g p

• Go back to the HVAC tab and single‐click on the Heating Operation Schedule.The schedule Office_OpenOff_Heat should be selected. The data for theschedule is displayed in the Data report panel in the bottom right of the screen.You will see the schedule has values of 0.5 between 7pm and 6am and a valueof 1 between 6am and 7pm. Weekends and holidays have 0.5. This means thatthe heating system will use setback temperature (16°C) during the night and atweekends and holidays.



• Likewise for cooling, the main cooling setpoint of 26°C applies during theoccupied period. For AllOtherDays (i.e. Cooling design days) a value of zero

16b. Exercise HVAC

p p y ( g g y )is used, that is heating is not required for cooling design.

• Run the simulations for the “Winter design week”

Air temperature

minimum at night?


References:

• P Carey 2009 Introductory Training course DesignBuilder Simulation• P. Carey, 2009. Introductory Training course, DesignBuilder‐Simulation‐

Training, London 2009 – DesignBuilderTM 2009.

• DesignBuilder 2009 Simulation + CFD Training Guide Simulation Training• DesignBuilder 2009. Simulation + CFD Training Guide, Simulation Training

Manual, DesignBuilderTM 2009.


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