Day 52 Turmoil and Change in Mexico

• Homework 388-393 (1-8)

Santa Ana and Mexican American War

• Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana

• Leader of Revolt 1821 and 1829- 1833 President

• Leads army against Texas Revolt

• Anglo Population moved to Tejas but did not follow Mexican Culture or Law (religion and slavery)

• Alamo• Treaty of Guadalupe

Hidalgo

La Reforma• 1831 Benito Juarez – a

Zapotec from Oaxaca becomes President

• Rose in power even in a system that did not give many opportunities to Indigenous

• La Reforma- land redistribution, separation of church and state, and increased education

• Conservatives and liberal civil war- Juarez becomes President

French Invasion

• 1862 – The Battle of the Pastries

• Cinco de Mayo• Napoleon III names

Archduke of Austria (Maximillian) as Emperor

• 1867 seen as to costly so French pull out- Maximilian is executed

• Juarez is replaced as president- dies of a heart attack in 1872

Porfirio Diaz

• 1876-1911 Diaz takes over militarily as caudillo

• Policy of “Pan o Palo”• Eliminated Mexican

Constitution• Supported by foreigners • Industrial Progress but

severe gap between rich and poor. Wages decline.

• Hacienda- virtual slavery• Average life expectancy

30

Revolution

• Francisco Madero – called for democracy and was exiled

• Sectional Warfare breaks out against Diaz

• North (Sonora, Chihuahua) Francisco “Pancho” Villa

• South (Oaxaca, Chiapas) Emiliano Zapata- Demands Agrarian (farm land) reform

Emiliano Zapata

“It is better to die on your feet than to live on your knees.”

• Francisco Madero caught between too radical and not revolutionary enough becomes president but resigns

• Victoriano Huerta has him assassinated

• Villa and Zapata support Venstiano Caranza – defeat Huerta then Caranza turns army against Villa and Zapata

• US supports Caranza and invades Veracruz to stop weapons shipments

• Alvaro Obregon is assassinated• PRI- becomes stable party from

1930-2000

The Zapatistas by Jose Clemente Orozco

The Execution of Emperor Maximilian by Edouard Manet