Day 27: America Secedes from the EmpireBaltimore Polytechnic Institute

October 2, 2014A/A.P. U.S. History

Mr. Green

Objective: The students will be able to evaluate the process the colonists took to declare independence by analyzing the actions of the 2nd Continental Congress

Drill: These are the times that try men’s souls. The

summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.

Thomas Paine, December 1776

America Secedes from the Empire

Examine the draft of Jefferson’s “Declaration of Independence” and the final version.

Identify differences between the two documents.

Hypothesize about reasons for the differences between the 2 documents.

Motivation

Lexington & Concord-April 17752nd Continental Congress-May 10, 1775

Appointed G. Washington to head army in Boston

Why?Ticonderoga & Crown Point-May 1775Bunker Hill June 1775Olive Branch Petition-July 1775Colonies in rebellion-August 1775

King George’s next step?-Hessians-Who were they?

The Second Continental Congress

Colonists decided to invade Canada in the hopes that the conquered French were explosively restive under British control.

Abortive conquest of Canada

Patriots (Whigs) supported the RevolutionLoyalists (Tories) supported the British CrownThe Revolution was a minority movementMany were apathetic or neutralBritish controlled only where they wereLoyalist strongholds were in New York City,

Charleston, Quaker PA, and NJ

Patriots and Loyalists

Tarred and featheredRoughly handledImprisonedSome hangedNo reign of terror comparable to France and

later Russia-WHY? How was the war financed?

Loyalist Exodus

Boston evacuated-March 1776British arrival in NYC-July 1776-largest seen

until the Civil WarColonists/G. Washington routed in Battle of

Long IslandBritish General Howe did not crush

Washington’s army-WHY?Delaware crossing by Washington-December

1776-captured 1,000 Hessians at Trenton, NJ

General Washington at Bay

Benedict Arnold held off the British at Lake Champlain and the Brits had to stay in Canada.

How did the invasion of Canada in 1775 aid this outcome?

Burgoyne’s invasion was slow-WHY?General Howe invaded and captured Philadelphia. Washington defeated at Brandywine Creek and

Germantown in late 1777Burgoyne surrenders on Oct. 17, 1777 at

Saratoga-What was the impact of this victory?

Burgoyne’s Blundering Invasion

France wanted revenge against BritainModel Treaty-guide for American diplomats

dispatched to the French court1. No political connection2. No military connection3. Only a commercial connection

Why did the Continental Congress draft such guidance for the commissioners?

Britain offered Home Rule after SaratogaTreaty of Alliance-Feb. 6, 1778

Revolution in Diplomacy

Spain/Holland entered against Britain in 1779Rest of Europe-Armed Neutrality Britain had to revisit strategy of blockading colonial

coast with French involvementJune 1778-Battle of Monmouth1778-1779-Georgia overrun1780-Charleston fellSummer 1780-French army arrives in Newport, RI

commanded by Comte de Rochambeau1780-Benedict Arnold Late 1780/early 1781-American victory at King’s Mtn

The Colonial War becomes a Wider War

West on fire for much of the warTreaty of Fort Stanwix (1784)-Indians ceded

most of their land in PA and NYPrivateers impacted the war-insurance

premiums skyrocketed

The Land Frontier and the Sea Frontier

High inflation in 1780-1781 2.5 cents on the dollar for bonds

Washington and Rochambeau’s French army marched to Yorktown

Admiral de Grasse blockaded Chesapeake Bay

October 19, 1781

Yorktown and the Final Curtain

France wanted a quasi-independent U.S.Why?John Jay negotiated in London, breaking the

rulesTreaty of Paris

Britain recognized independence of U.S. Mississippi to Great Lakes to Spanish Florida

Peace at Paris

Revolutionary War Chart Read Chapter 8

Homework