Day 2, Thursday, 27 August, 2015 The Metric System Physics and Science The Metric System Scientific...
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Day 2, Thursday, 27 August, 2015The Metric System
Physics and Science The Metric System Scientific Notation
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Day 6, Tuesday, 31 August, 2010Metric System
Physics and Science The Metric System Scientific Notation
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What is Physics?
Physics (Greek: φύσις (phúsis), "nature" and φυσικῆ (phusiké), "knowledge of nature") is the branch of science concerned with discovering and characterizing universal laws that govern matter, energy, space, and time.
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Limits of science Natural sciences deal only with what is
observable or testable. Science cannot go into matters of faith
Scientists and experiments are flawed. The process (over time) is self correcting.
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Difference between Art and Science
Science agrees on some main points (theories). So progress may be judged. Freud turned Psychology into a science.
Art has no point of agreement. There is no way to judge progress. Bach vs Beatles
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Major branches of science
Chemistry Physics Biology
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Minor branches of science
Places Geology, Oceanography, Meteorology,
Astronomy Relationships
Environmental Science Special interests
Psychology, Anthropology, Sociology, etc.
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Metric System
Metric System International System of units (SI) MKS
Meter, Kilogram, Second
CGS Centimeter, gram, second
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Metric Units
Units (multiples of ten) Base Derived
Prefixes
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Base Units
Length MeterMass KilogramTime SecondAmount MoleTemperature kelvinElectrical current ampereLuminosity Candela
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Derived Units
Electrical resistance ohm Frequency hertz Force newton Energy joule Power watt Voltage volt
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Scientific Notation
1.234 X 105
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3 parts to a number in scientific notation
1. The Coefficient
2. Times 10
3. The Exponent
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The Coefficient
This is the actual number (in front) It must have one digit before the
decimal point. So, it is between 1 and 10.
Drop all trailing zeros (unless they were measured and therefore significant).
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If the number is negative (less than zero)
Then the coefficient will be negative
-1.23
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Times ten
Every number in scientific notation has “times ten” in the middle, written as
X 10
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The Exponent
The exponent is the exponent of the “times ten”
11X10
It tells the number of tens columns the decimal has been moved over.
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The exponent may be positive, or negative
A positive exponent means the number has zeros behind it and is big (greater than one).
A negative exponent means the number has zeros in front of and is small (a fractional number between zero and one).
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Big Numbers
Big numbers have trailing zeroes before the decimal .
123,000,000,000.
Big numbers have positive exponents.
1110
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Small Numbers Small numbers (fractional numbers
between zero and one) have leading zeroes after the decimal point.
.0000000000123
Small numbers have negative exponents.-11
10
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Adding and Subtracting (poor way)
Put in decimal form Perform the addition or subtraction Convert back to Scientific Notation
The size of the number will be the larger exponent (plus or minus one)
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1.23 X 1011
- 4.56 X 107
123,000,000,000.- 45,600,000. 122954400000.
1.229544 X 1011
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Adding and Subtracting (better way)
Rewrite to get the same exponent Add or subtract the coefficients
1.23 X 1011
- 4.56 X 107
12,300.00 x 107
- 4.56 x 107
12,295.44 X 107 = 1.229544 X 1011
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An interesting insight
When you add or subtract in scientific notation the answer will often have the same exponent as the larger number.
The answer’s exponent will never differ from the larger number exponent by more than 1.
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Multiplying and Dividing
Multiply or divide the Coefficients normally
Add exponents when multiplying
Subtract exponents when dividing
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Multiplication (2 X 105) (4 X 103) Coefficients 2 X 4 = 8 Exponents 5 + 3 = 8
Answer 8 X 108
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Division 2 X 105
4 X 103
Coefficients 2/4 = .5Exponents5-3 = 2
Unformatted answer .5 X 102
Proper answer 5 X 101
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Credits