Day #2: Industrial Revolution

Rise of Factory system

The Factory

SystemWhat do you see

here?

What are the machines doing?

What are the workers doing?

What is the boy in the machine doing?

What might be the advantages of factory spinning over cottage-industry spinning?

Factory activity

Video Link:

https://youtu.be/50wihQ4dwsg

The Factory System

Entrepreneurs decided to combine all of the factors of production into one place

workers + raw materials + machines + building = factory system

Film Clip; Factory Work

The start of the industrial revolution was helped by many

brilliant people making key inventions…

Textile Industry Invented

cottages couldn’t keep up with demand for textiles

new machines make textiles quicker

James Hargreaves designed the spinning jenny

it did the work of eight spinners

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin

What is this machine?

Cotton with its seeds go in this side

“clean cotton” comes out

without the seeds

Thomas

EdisonLouis Pasteur

Henry Bessemer

2,332 patents

Rise of the Factoryi. new machines, often too big for homes, were

put in factories

ii. located near power source: coal, iron, water

Effects of Textile Factories in Britaini. Amount of textiles increased and prices

lowered

ii. most villagers leave home to find work in urban factories

early factories

used water-power

Steam

power

Steam Engine built for

increasing need for power

Steam forced from high to low

pressure produces power

Steam Engine improved mining

which increased metals

Iron and Coal: Energy of the Industrial Revolution

many workers die because of dangerous machineryBritish engineers learned that coal could be used for

energy and carbon. It burned slowly and had the carbon needed to make iron.

The use of iron was essential in the industrial revolution. Iron was a very hard metal that could be

used to make strong machines.

The problem was that iron needed carbon added to it to be flexible and durable.

Coal could also be used to

produce steam power.

The British used iron to build the world’s most

powerful navy.

This navy controlled the world’s oceans using coal

for energy.

6. Iron and Coal: Energy for the Industrial Revolution

A. The Need for Iron

i. farming tools, new factory machinery, railways

B. The Need for Coal

i. steam engines powered by coal

C. Effect of Iron and Coal

i. Britain produced more iron than rest of the world

ii. coal powered Britain’s enormous navy

the Bessemer Process

added air to iron

smelting, making the iron easier

to mold and stronger

Film Clip: Railroads

Transportation Before the industrial revolution merchants used to transport goods by

horse or mule cart over poor roads.

Merchants had to wait for good weather to travel.

The industrial revolution needed quicker, cheaper, and more reliable forms of transportation.

In 1829 Stephenson invented the steam locomotive.

Soon railroads covered Britain.

Goods and people could travel quickly and cheaply across the country.

In addition to railroads, the British also constructed canals and better roads to meet the demands of the

new businesses.

7. Transportation

A. Need for Better Transportation

i. increased production needed quick and cheap transportation

B. Inventions

i. roads, canals, railroad

C. Effects of Railroads

i. cheaper transportation increased production and profits

ii. helped other industries