dawn-spelling-bee-wordlist.pdf

9 tto 111

AGE GROUP

abaca

noun /Qbk/a banana like plant native to the Philippines andhaving broad leaves with long stalksAbaca prefers a warm climate with year-round rainfall.

abhorrent

adjective /bhrnt/inspiring disgust and loathingChewing gum is an abhorrent habit.

abscess

noun /QbsIs, Qbses/a swollen area on the skin filled with pusThe abscess was red and very painful.

absurd

adjective /bsd/ridiculous or foolishIt is an absurd idea to have a bonfire in summer.

academic

adjective /QkdemIk/related to studying and learningHis academic work is excellent.

accelerate

verb /kselreIt, QkselreIt/to speed upShe tried to accelerate, but the car stalled.

accept

verb /ksept/to take a thing that is offeredHe decided to accept the offer from the college.

access

noun /Qkses/a way to enter or reach somethingThe burglar tried to gain access through the backdoor.

accessible

adjective /ksesbl, ksesIbl/easy to approach; obtainableThe student made good use of the accessibleinformation from the internet.

accessory

noun /ksesri/something that adds to or enhances an itemI usually end up buying the latest accessory for mymobile phone.

accident

noun /QksIdnt/an unexpected happening, especially one causingdamageHe had an accident on his way to work and broke hisankle.

acclaim

noun /kleIm/praiseThe winning team was greeted with much acclaim.

acclimatize

verb /klaImtaIz/become accustomed to a new climate or newconditionsIt took time to acclimatize myself to the heat of thedesert.

accommodate

verb /kmdeIt/to provide somebody with a place to live, work, orsleep overnightThis house cannot accommodate more than tenpeople.

accomplish

verb /kmplIS/to succeed in doing or completing somethingThere is no doubt that he will accomplish his goals inlife.

A 9 to11age group

l 1 l

DAWN in Education Spelling Bee Wordlist 2013

accountant

noun /kaUntnt/a person who keeps financial recordsThe accountant has to make sure that all bills arepaid by the end of the month.

accumulate

verb /kjumjleIt, kjumjUleIt/to collect; build upI tend to accumulate a lot of junk.

accusation

noun /QkjuzeISn/a statement that someone has done something wrongI dont want to make an accusation until I have someproof.

accustomed

adjective /kstmd/used to, adapted toHe took his accustomed seat by the fire.

achievement

noun /tSivmnt/success, accomplishmentIt is quite an achievement to have completed thisassignment in such a short time.

acknowledge

verb /knlIdZ/to express recognition ofI did not acknowledge that he had done anythingwrong.

acoustics

plural noun /kustIks/the science of soundCarnegie Hall is popular with music lovers because ofits good acoustics.

acquaintance

noun /kweIntns/a person whom one knows, but not wellShe is an acquaintance of mine from work.

acreage

noun /eIkrIdZ/an area of land measured in acresWe need to confirm the acreage of the farm beforewe consider buying it.

acrimonious

adjective /akrImUnIs/bitterness or ill feelingAlis acrimonious remarks showed his anger andfrustration.

acrophobia

noun /QkrfUbi/fear of heightsI cannot go skydiving because I suffer fromacrophobia.

actually

adverb /QktSuli/in realityActually, we are only a week away from our mid-terms.

adamant

adjective /Qdmnt/firm and not giving way to requestsHe was adamant that he would not join us.

adaptable

adjective /dQptbl/capable of adjustingThe company preferred hiring adaptable workers.

additive

noun /QdItIv/a substance added, especially to food or medicineFood companies put more than one vitamin additivein breakfast cereals.

adequate

adjective /QdIkwt, QdIkwIt/enough, sufficientHe earns an adequate income which is enough topay his bills.

A9 to11age group

l 2 l


adhere

verb /dhI[r]/to hold; stick to a surfaceThat tape does not adhere to the wall.

adhesive

noun /dhisIv, dhizIv/a substance used to stick things togetherGlue is the perfect adhesive for my torn notebook.

adjacentadjective /dZeIsnt/next to, neighbouringThe aeroplanes landed on the adjacent runways.

adjustableadjective /dZstbl/capable of being changedThe new model of the car had adjustable seat belts.

administration

noun /dmInIstreISn/control or managementThe directors are responsible for the administration ofa company.

admirable

adjective /Qdmrbl/worthy of approval or respectSarah received an award for her admirableperformance.

advent

noun /Qdvent, Qdvnt/the arrival of an important new person or thingThe advent of technology has speeded up globalcommunication.

adventurous

adjective /dventSrs/inclined to undertake new and daring activitiesFor a more adventurous holiday, try mountainclimbing.

advertisement

noun /dvtIsmnt, dvtIzmnt/a notice of a product or serviceWe place an advertisement about our products in thenewspaper every week.

advisable

adjective /dvaIzbl/strongly suggested for good reasons, recommendedIt is advisable that you do your homework on time.

advisory

adjective /dvaIzri/giving adviceThe advisory committee suggested evacuating thearea to avoid the hurricane.

aerial

noun /eril/a wire or rod for receiving or transmitting signalsI have stopped listening to my radio since its aerialsnapped.

aerodrome

noun /erdrUm/an airfieldThe newly built aerodrome is designed for bigaeroplanes.

aerosol

noun /ersl/a spray container holding pressurised liquidHe used an aerosol to paint the walls.

aggravate

verb /QgrveIt/to make a thing worse or more seriousHis remarks really aggravate me.

aggressive

adjective /gresIv/unfriendly; likely to attack people verbally or physicallyHis aggressive behaviour suggested that he had nofriends.

A 9 to11age group

l 3 l


agony

noun /Qgni/extreme physical or mental painThe man broke his arm and was in agony.

agriculture

noun /QgrIkltS[r]/cultivating land on a large scale; farmingMost of the land in this area is used for agriculture.

aisle

noun /aIl/a passage between rows of seats or shelvesI found cans of tuna in the last aisle.

alchemy

noun /Qlkmi/the medieval forerunner of chemistryShe found it difficult to find books on alchemy.

alien

noun /eIlin/a foreignerZain is an alien in this country; he is visiting fromMalaysia.

alkali

noun /QlklaI/a substance that neutralises an acidAn alkali is a chemical often used in scientificexperiments.

allege

verb /ledZ/to say something without being able to prove itTo allege that Sam had cheated in his exam wasunfair.

allegiance

noun /lidZns/loyalty or commitment to a superior or to a group orcauseI owe my allegiance to my country.

allergic

adjective /ldZIk/very sensitive to something that may make you illThe allergic children took their medicine.

alleviate

verb /livIeIt/make pain or difficulty less severeThe old ruler tried to alleviate the pain and sufferingof the poor.

alley

noun /QlI/a narrow lane or passage, esp one between orbehind buildings This alley leads to my house.

alligator

noun /QlIgeIt[r]/a large reptile of the crocodile family

allocate

verb /QlkeIt/distribute (resources or duties) for a particularpurposeI will allocate the task of tidying the room to Akbar.

alloy

noun /QlI/a metal formed by mixing two or more metalsBrass is an alloy of copper and zinc.

almond

noun /Amnd/an oval nutShe peeled the almond and ate it with honey.

aloof

adjective /luf/not involved in something; showing no interest inpeopleThe emperor kept himself aloof from the people.

A9 to11age group

l 4 l


aloud

adverb /laUd/in a voice that can be heardThe teacher asked him to read the passage aloud.

altercation

noun /ltkeISn/a noisy argument or disagreementI left my job after an altercation with my boss.

alternative

noun /ltntIv/one of two or more choicesTravelling by train is an alternative to using a car.

altitude

noun /QltItjud/the height of an object or point in relation to sea levelor ground levelThe summit of Mount Everest is at an altitude of29,000 feet.

altogether

adverb /ltgeD[r]/with all included; in totalAltogether, a hundred competitors took part.

amalgamate

verb /mQlgmeIt/to mix or combineThey decided to amalgamate the two schools.

ambassador

noun /QmbQsd[r]/a person sent to a foreign country to represent his orher own governmentHis uncle is the ambassador to Brazil.

amber

noun /Qmb[r]/a yellowish brown colourThe traffic lights were on amber when he stopped thecar.

ambidextrous

adjective /Qmbidekstrs/able to use either your left hand or your right handequally wellThe ambidextrous surgeon worked equally well withboth hands.

ambiguous

adjective /QmbIgjus/having more than one possible interpretation ormeaning The ambiguous account confused the judge.

ambition

noun /QmbISn/a strong desire to achieve somethingHis ambition in life is to become an astronaut.

ambivalent

adjective /QmbIvlnt/having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas aboutsomething or someoneHe has an ambivalent attitude towards her.

ambulance

noun /Qmbjlns/a vehicle equipped to carry sick or injured peopleHe had an accident and was brought home byambulance with a broken leg.

amendments

noun /mendmnts/a change or improvement to a law or documentShe made minor amendments to her essay.

amphibian

noun /QmfIbin/an animal that can live both in water and on landThe turtle is an amphibian.

amphitheatre

noun /QmfITIt[r]/a round, usually unroofed building with tiers of seatssurrounding a central spaceThe school staged a play in the amphitheatre.

A 9 to11age group

l 5 l


amplify

verb /QmplIfaI/to make strongerHe used a loudspeaker to amplify his voice.

amputate

verb /QmpjuteIt/to cut off surgicallyThe doctor had to amputate the patients leg,because it was too infected to cure.

analogy

noun /nQldZi/comparing two things that are alikeOur teacher explained the heart, using the analogy ofa pump.

analyse

verb /QnlaIz/to examineIn history class, we had to analyse the causes of thewar.

ancestor

noun /Qnsest[r]/anyone from whom a person is descendedHe wondered if he had a famous ancestor.

anchor

noun /QNk[r]/a heavy object joined to a ship by a chain anddropped to the bottom of the sea to stop the shipfrom movingSailors dropped the ships anchor into the water.

ancient

adjective /eInSnt/very oldWe found some ancient dinosaur bones on our trip tothe desert.

anemone

noun /nemni/a plant with brightly coloured flowers and deeplydivided leavesMrs Khan is trying to grow anemone in her garden.

animate

verb /QnImeIt/to make a thing livelyThe teacher can animate even the most boringliterature and make it interesting.

annihilate

verb /naIleIt/to destroy something completelyThey set out to annihilate the enemys naval force.

anniversary

noun /QnIvsri /a date that is an exact number of years after the dateof an important or special eventAugust 14th is the anniversary of PakistansIndependence.

announcement

noun /naUnsmnt/the act of making something publicly knownThe principal made an announcement that the schoolwould remain closed the following day.

anonymous

adjective /nnIms/without the name of the person responsible beingknownHe wished he could thank the anonymous donor forpaying his school fees.

antibiotic

noun /QntibaItIk/a substance that destroys bacteriaThe doctor prescribed an antibiotic for my woundedknee.

anticipation

noun /QntIsIpeISn/expectationI am waiting in anticipation for your arrival.

A9 to11age group

l 6 l


anticlimax

noun /QntiklaImQks/a disappointing ending where something exciting hadbeen expectedThe adventure story ended in an anticlimax.

antihistamine

noun /QntihIstmin/a drug that protects people against unpleasant effectswhen they are allergic to somethingThe doctor prescribed an antihistamine to treat myhay fever.

antiseptic

noun /QntiseptIk/a substance that kills harmful bacteriaShe cleaned the wound with an antiseptic.

aphid

noun /eIfId/a small sap-sucking insect that is harmful to plants

apocalypse

noun /pklIps/an event involving destruction or damage on a hugescaleThe movie depicted the apocalypse in great detail.

apostrophe

noun /pstrfi/a punctuation mark used to indicate eitherpossession or the omission of letters or numbersShe wondered if it was appropriate to use anapostrophe.

appalling

adjective /plIN/shocking; very unpleasantThey were faced with appalling working conditions.

apparition

noun /QprISn/a ghost or ghostlike image of a personThe children were scared by the apparition.

appearance

noun /pIrns/what somebody looks likeThe clowns appearance was very amusing.

appendix

noun /pendIks/a small tube leading off from the intestineMaha had an operation to remove her appendix.

appetite

noun /QpItaIt/desire for foodExercise gives you a good appetite.

applause

noun /plz/clappingThe actors were pleased with the applause at the endof their show.

applicable

adjective /plIkbl, QplIkbl/that can be said to be true in the case ofsomebody/somethingThey filled the details of the children where applicablein the form.

appreciate

verb /priSieIt/to enjoy or value something I would appreciate some help with my homework.

apprenticeship

noun /prentISIp/time spent as a novice learning a new skillDuring his apprenticeship he learnt how to carvewood.

appropriate

adjective /prUprIt/suitableIs now an appropriate time to make a speech?

A 9 to11age group

l 7 l


aptitude

noun /QptItjud/a natural ability to do somethingAkbar has an aptitude for mathematics.

aquatic

adjective /kwQtIk, kwtIk/to do with waterSwimming is an aquatic sport.

archaeology

noun /AkildZi/the study of the remains of ancient civilizationsSara wants to study archaeology.

architect

noun /AkItekt/a person who designs buildingsThe Statue of Liberty was designed by a Frencharchitect.

arena

noun /rin/a place with a flat open area in the middle with seatsaround itThe people gathered at the Wembely Arena to watchthe concert.

artichoke

noun /AtItSUk/a round vegetable with a lot of thick, green leavesMrs. Riaz steamed the artichoke and served it withdinner.

articulate

adjective /AtIkjUleIt/able to express things clearlyHe was an articulate speaker and gave a wonderfulspeech.

assassinate

verb /sQsIneIt/to kill an important personThe police discovered a plot to assassinate the king.

assault

noun /slt/a violent attackThe soldier led an assault against the enemy.

assess

verb /ses/to decide the value or quality of a person or thingCan you assess the value of this jewel?

assignment

noun /saInmnt/a task given to someoneI have finished my homework assignment.

assimilate

verb /sImIleIt/to take in and absorb somethingShe thinks she can assimilate knowledge withouthaving to work.

associate

noun /sUSIt, sUsIt/a colleagueAli is my associate from work.

assortment

noun /stmnt/a mixed collection of thingsThis box contains an assortment of sweets.

assurance

noun /SUrns/a promise or guarantee that something is true or willhappenA promise from the doctor that he would check in onher was all the assurance she needed.

asthma

noun /Qsm/a disease that makes breathing difficultMy friend suffers from asthma.

A9 to11age group

l 8 l


astrogate

verb /QstrgeIt/to navigate in spaceThe entire space crew was trained to astrogate.

astrology

noun /strldZi/the study of stars and movements of the planets inthe belief that they influence human affairsHe did not believe in astrology.

astronaut

noun /Qstrnt/a person who travels in a spacecraftNeil Armstrong was the first astronaut to walk on themoon.

asylum

noun /saIlm/refuge and safety; a place of refugeThe defeated rebels sought political asylum inanother country.

audition

noun /dISn/a test to see if an actor is suitable for a jobThe actor went to an audition for the new film.

authenticate

verb /TentIkeIt/to establish the truthThe expert was asked to authenticate whether thepainting was a genuine antique.

authoritative

adjective /TrIttIv, TrIteItIv/having proper authority or expert knowledgeThe professor is an authoritative figure in his field.

autograph

noun /tgraf/a persons signatureI asked my favourite actor for his autograph.

autumn

noun /tm/the season between summer and winterMost trees shed their leaves in autumn.

awestruck

adjective /strk/filled with aweI was awestruck by the brilliance of the stars.

A 9 to11age group

l 9 l


babble

verb /bQbl/to talk very quickly without making senseHe is likely to babble on without making any sense.

bachelor

noun /bQtSl[r]/a man who has not marriedHe was considered the most eligible bachelor in town.

badge

noun /bQdZ/a button or sign that you wear to show people whoyou are or what school or club etc. you belong toI pinned my school badge on my coat.

balance

noun /bQlns/a steady positionShe lost her balance and fell down.

balcony

noun /bQlkni/a platform that sticks out from an outside wall of abuildingThe wet clothes were hung on the balcony to dry.

ballerina

noun /bQlrin/a female ballet dancerThe way the ballerina balanced herself on tiptoeseemed humanly impossible.

ballet

noun /bQleI/a type of dancing with formal movements, usually toclassical musicThe dancers in the ballet were very precise in theirmovements.

balsa

noun /bls, bls/a soft and lightweight woodBalsa is a good substitute for cork.

barbecue

verb /babIkju/to cook meat and other food on a metal grill over anopen fire, usually outsideWe are going to barbecue some chicken tonight.

bargain

noun /bagIn/something that you buy cheaplyThis book is a bargain at half price.

barite

noun /beraIt/a yellow, white or colourless crystalline mineral Barite is used in the manufacture of paints.

barley

noun /balI/a cereal plantCereal made from barley is healthy to eat.

barnacle

noun /bankl/a small shellfish that clings to rocks

barracks

noun /bQrks/a large building or group of buildings for soldiers tolive inThe army barracks housed many soldiers.

barrister

noun /bQrIst[r]/a lawyer The barrister won his case in court.

baryon

noun /bQrIn/any elementary particle which can be transformedinto a nucleon and lighter particlesThe value and content of a baryon determines itsclassification.

basil

noun /bQzl/an aromatic plant originally from IndiaBasil is commonly used in pasta dishes.

B9 to11age group

l 10 l


battalion

noun /btQlIn/an army unit containing two or more unitsIt took days for the whole battalion to move from onefront to another.

battlements

noun /bQtlmnts/the top of a castle wall, often with gaps from whichthe defenders could fire at the enemyThe soldiers fired at the enemy from behind thebattlements.

bedraggled

adjective /bIdrQgld/very untidy; wet and dirtyHe combed his bedraggled hair.

beguile

verb /bIgaIl/to cheat, to charmShe will beguile the audience with her performance.

belated

adjective /bIleItId/coming very late or too lateShe gave me my belated birthday present.

believable

adjective /bIlivbl/capable of being thought trueShe told a very believable story about what she hadbeen doing that night.

beneath

preposition /bIniT/belowHe sat beneath the tree.

beneficial

adjective /benIfISl/having a good effectUsing computers has a beneficial effect on childrenslearning.

beneficiary

noun /benIfISri/a person who receives benefitsHe was the beneficiary of a scholarship fund.

besiege

verb /bIsidZ/to surround from all sidesThe army was preparing to besiege the fortress.

besotted

adjective /bIstId/too fond of somethingWe are all besotted with the pretty film actress.

bestow

verb /bIstU/to give something to someone, especially to showhow much they are respectedI would like to bestow this medal on you.

beverage

noun /bevrIdZ/any kind of drinkI would like to drink a hot beverage.

biased

adjective /baIst/favouring one side unfairlyThe biased umpire made sure the other team won thematch.

bibliography

noun /bIbligrfi/a list of books about a subjectThe teacher gave us a bibliography for our historyproject.

bicentenary

noun /baIsentinri, baIsentenri/a 200th anniversaryOur college is celebrating its bicentenary this year.

B 9 to11age group

l 11 l


biceps

noun /baIseps/the large muscle at the front of the arm above theelbowThe wrestler had strong biceps because he spent histime lifting weights.

bilateral

adjective /baIlQtrl/of or on two sides, between two people or groupsIndia and Pakistan signed a bilateral agreement towork on a solution for Kashmir.

bilingual

adjective /baIlINgwl/able to speak two languagesBeing bilingual, Ali works as an interpreter.

billboard

noun /bIlbd/a large outdoor board for advertisementsThe billboard advertised a toothpaste.

billion

noun /bIljn/one thousand millionThe population of the world is more than six billion.

binoculars

noun /bInkjUlz, baInkjUlz/a device with lenses for both eyes, making distantobjects seem nearerAli used his binoculars to see the distant mountains.

biscuit

noun /bIskIt/a kind of small, thin, dry cakeI would like a biscuit with my tea.

bizarre

adjective /bIzA[r]/strange in appearancePeople were surprised by the bizarre outfit he waswearing.

blandishment

noun /blQndISmnt/flattery intended to persuadeThe teacher would not respond to our blandishmentand refused to cancel the test.

bleak

adjective /blik/bare and cold; dreary or miserableThe war has made Afghanistan a very bleak place.

blizzard

noun /blIzd/a severe snowstormIt is impossible to go outdoors in this blizzard.

blossom

verb /blsm/develop into somethingFlowers blossom in spring.

bobsleigh

noun /bbsleI/a racing sledge Tim cleaned his bobsleigh.

boisterous

adjective /bIstrs/noisy, energetic and cheerfulThe crowd at the cricket match was in a noisy andboisterous mood.

boomerang

noun /bumrQN/a curved piece of wood that can be thrown so that itreturns to the thrower It is fun to play with a boomerang.

botany

noun /btni/the study of plantsThe university offers a three-year course in botany.

B9 to11age group

l 12 l


boulder

noun /bUld[r]/a very large, smooth stoneThe boulder is too heavy too move.

boundary

noun /baUndri/a line that marks a limitThe boundary between the neighbours lawn and oursis the white picket fence.

boutique

noun /butik/a small shop selling fashionable clothesMehr bought a dress from the boutique.

bracelet

noun /breIslt/an ornament worn round the wristI have a bracelet made of blue beads.

brawl

noun /brl/a noisy quarrel or fightThe bully got his nose broken in a brawl.

brilliant

adjective /brIlInt/very cleverThe boy who won the scholarship is a brilliantstudent.

brittle

adjective /brItl/hard but easy to break or snapI like these brittle breadsticks.

broccoli

noun /brkli/a kind of cauliflower with greenish flower headsShe made a stew of broccoli and carrots.

brochure

noun /brUS[r], brSU[r]/a booklet containing informationThe travel brochure contains information aboutholidays in Muree.

brow

noun /braU/the foreheadThe nervous prisoner kept wiping his brow.

bruise

noun /bruz/a dark mark made on the skin after someone hasfallen or been hitHe fell and got a bruise on his arm.

brunette

noun /brunet/a woman with dark-brown hairHis daughter is a brunette.

Buddhism

proper noun /bUdIzm/a faith that follows the teachings of the Indianphilosopher Gautama BuddhaPeople who follow Buddhism do not eat meat.

budgerigar

noun /bdZrigA[r]/a small, brightly-coloured Australian bird

budget

noun /bdZIt/a plan for spending money wiselyIn my budget, I have set aside some money to buybooks.

buffet

noun /bUfeI/a meal where guests serve themselvesThe buffet offered plenty of choice to the diners.

B 9 to11age group

l 13 l


buffoonery

noun /bfunri/behaviour intended to make people laughMrs Khan said that she would not tolerate anybuffoonery from the students.

bulletin

noun /bUlItIn/a public statement giving newsI heard about the tsunami in Thailand in a newsbulletin.

bullock

noun /bUlk/a young bull

bunch

noun /bntS/things of the same type fastened or grwoing togetherShe bought a bunch of bananas to put in the fruittrifle.

bungalow

noun /bNglU/a house built all on one level, without stairsAkbar lives in a bungalow.

bungle

verb /bNgl/to make a mess of doing somethingThe banker was caught trying to bungle the funds.

buoy

noun /bI/a floating object anchored to mark a channel orunderwater rocksThe buoy will warn ships away from the dangerousrocks.

bureau

noun /bjurU/a writing desk with drawersShe organised her files and put them in the bureau.

burial

noun /berIl/putting into the groundHis widow cried at his burial.

B9 to11age group

l 14 l


cacophony

noun /kkfni/harsh or discordant soundThere was a cacophony of horns during the traffic jam.

cactus

noun /kQkts/a plant, usually with prickles, from a hot, dry climate The thorny cactus pricked my finger.

calcite

noun /kQlsaIt/a common crystalline form of natural calciumcarbonateCalcite may be found in sedimentary rocks.

calculator

noun /kQlkjuleIt[r]/a small electronic device that is used for makingcalculationsStudents were not allowed to use a calculator for theirmathematics examination.

caldera

noun /kQlder, kldr/the large crater at the top of the volcano A caldera can be upto 60 km in diameter.

calliper

noun /kQlIp[r]/a large instrument used for measuring the diametersof logs and similar objectsA calliper is adjustable and can be reset to measuredifferent dimensions.

calomel

noun /kQlmel/a colorless, white or brown tasteless compoundCalomel is used in the preparation of insecticidesand medicines.

camcorder

noun /kQmkd[r]/a combined video camera and sound recorderThe tourist went around town filming with hiscamcorder.

camouflage

noun /kQmflAZ/a way of hiding things by making them look like partof their surroundingsThe soldiers dressed in camouflage to hidethemselves from the enemy.

camphor

noun /kQmf[r]/a white substance with a strong smell, used inmedicine I put sachets of camphor in my wardrobe to keep theinsects away.

cancellation

noun /kQnsleISn/the act of stopping something that was plannedThe last minute cancellation of the concert left theaudience disappointed.

canoe

noun /knu/a narrow lightweight boatThe river was so violent that the canoe flipped upsidedown.

canvas

noun /kQnvs/strong coarse cloth; a fabric for painting onThere is nothing on the canvas now but wait till I fetchmy paintbrush.

capacious

adjective /kpeISs/having a lot of place insideFahad got on the bus carrying a capacious canvasbag.

capacity

noun /kpQsti/the amount that something can holdThe capacity of this bus is 50 passengers.

C 9 to11age group

l 15 l


capsule

noun /kQpsjul/a hollow pill containing medicineThe doctor prescribed his patient one capsule a day.

captivity

noun /kQptIvti/the state of being imprisonedThe lion was released from captivity into the wild.

caravan

noun /kQrvQn/a group of people travelling together across desertcountryThe caravan stopped at the oasis to drink water.

carbohydrates

noun /kAbUhaIdreIts/a compound of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogenCereals contain carbohydrates that give us energy.

carcinogen

noun /kAsIndZn, kAsIndZen/any substance that causes cancerThe nicotine in cigarettes is a carcinogen.

cardigan

noun /kAdIgn/a knitted jacketI have a blue cardigan to wear in winter.

caricature

noun /kQrIktSU[r]/an amusing picture of someoneEveryone laughed at the artists caricature of Akbar.

carnivorous

adjective /kAnIvrs/meat-eatingLions are carnivorous animals.

carriage

noun /kQrIdZ/a passenger vehicle pulled by horsesWe decided to travel to the village in a carriage.

cartoonist

noun /kAtunIst/a person who draws cartoonsThe cartoonist drew an amusing picture.

cartridge

noun /kAtrIdZ/a case containing the explosive for a bullet or shellThe soldier lost his cartridge when he dropped hisgun.

casserole

noun /kQsrUl/large dish for cooking food in an ovenSarah baked the chicken in a casserole.

cassette

noun /kset/a small, sealed case containing recording tape or filmThis cassette contains all my favourite songs.

casualty

noun /kQZulti/a person who is killed or injured in war or in anaccidentA casualty of the train wreck was rushed to hospital.

catapult

noun /kQtplt/a stick with a rubber band attached to it, used forshooting stonesThe pigeons on the balcony have been in danger eversince Farooq got a catapult.

catastrophe

noun /ktQstrfi/a sudden, great disasterThe tsunami was a catastrophe for Thailand.

catchy

adjective /kQtSi/pleasant and easily remembered She immediately starting humming the catchy jingleof the advertisement.

C9 to11age group

l 16 l


caterpillar

noun /kQtpIl[r]/the creeping, worm-like creature that will turn into abutterfly or mothA caterpillar feeds on the leaves of plants.

cathedral

noun /kTidrl/the most important church of a citySt. Pauls Cathedral is a famous landmark in London.

cauldron

noun /kldrn/a large deep pot for boiling things inThe wicked witch made rabbit stew in her big blackcauldron.

causeway

noun /kzweI/raised road or track across low or wet groundThe causeway led to the edge of the beach.

cautionary

adjective /kSnri/giving a warningThe alarm sounded a cautionary signal.

cautious

adjective /kSs/showing attention to safetyHe is a cautious driver.

cavalry

noun /kQvlri/soldiers who fight on horseback or in armouredvehiclesThe cavalry moved faster than the soldiers on foot.

cavernous

adjective /kQvns/large cave; a vast dark placeThe climbers fell into a cavernous undergroundchamber.

cavity

noun /kQvti/a hollow or holeI spotted a cavity in one of my teeth.

cease

verb /sis/to stop or endWhen the teacher entered the class we had to ceasetalking.

ceiling

noun /silIN/the flat surface forming the top of a roomThe fan has to be fitted to the ceiling.

celebration

noun /selIbreISn/a happy event to mark a special occasionHer birthday celebration will be next week.

cellar

noun /sel[r]/an underground roomThe pipes are in the cellar.

cellulose

noun /seljUlUs, seljUlUz/tissue that forms the main part of all plants and treesCellulose cannot be digested by human beings.

census

noun /senss/an official count or survey of the population of acountry or areaA census of the citys population was conducted bythe new mayor.

centennial

noun /sentenIl/a hundredth anniversaryThe cricket club celebrated its centennial.

C 9 to11age group

l 17 l


centipede

noun /sentIpid/a small, crawling creature with a long body and manylegs

cereal

noun /sIril/corn or other edible grain; a breakfast food made fromthemAli enjoys his cereal with chocolate milk everymorning.

ceremonial

adjective /serImUnIl/relating to or used in a ceremonyHe had kept two tuxedoes for such ceremonialoccasions

certainty

noun /stnti/something that is sure to happenPakistans victory in the hockey match is a certainty.

certificate

noun /stIfIkt/an official written or printed statement givinginformation about a person etc.The employment office asked for his birth certificate.

chamber

noun /tSeImb[r]/a roomBehind the mirror was a secret chamber where thewizard lived.

chameleon

noun /kmilin/a small lizard that can change its colour to that of itssurroundings

champion

noun /tSQmpin/a person or thing that has defeated all the others in asport or competitionMohammad Ali was a boxing champion for manyyears.

changeable

adjective /tSeIndZbl/likely to changeKarachi has changeable weather.

channel

noun /tSQnl/a stretch of water connecting two seasThe English Channel connects the North Sea to theAtlantic Ocean.

chaotic

adjective /keItIk/complete disorder and confusionAfter the revolution there were chaotic conditions inthe country.

characteristic

noun /kQrktrIstIk/a quality that forms part of the characterUse of poetic language is a characteristic of his work.

charade

noun /SrAd/a situation in which people pretend that something istrue when it is clearly notHer whole act of being sick was a charade.

chariot

noun /tSQrIt/two wheeled vehicle drawn by horses, used in ancientwarfare & racingThe film had an exciting chariot race in which thehero got hurt.

charitable

adjective /tSQrtbl/generous in giving to those in needThe charitable organisation distributed clothes to theneedy.

chassis

noun /SQsi/the frame that a vehicle is built onThe mechanic put the engine back into the chassis ofthe old jeep.

C9 to11age group

l 18 l


chimney

noun /tSImni/a tall pipe that carries smoke away from a fireThe chimney was black with soot.

chisel

noun /tSIzl/a tool with a sharp end for shaping wood, stones etc.The sculptor used his chisel with great skill.

chivalrous

adjective /SIvlrs/being considerateIt is chivalrous behaviour to hold the door open foryour elders.

chlorine

noun /klrin/chemical element used for oxidizing, electroplating,disinfecting, etcSara couldnt swim because the swimming pool hadtoo much chlorine.

chocolate

noun /tSklt/a solid, brown food made from roasted cocoa seedsI enjoy eating chocolate.

choir

noun /kwaI[r]/a group of people trained to sing togetherThe choir always sings on Sunday.

choke

verb /tSUk/to hinder or stop the breathing of a person or animalHe tried to choke her by tightening the rope aroundher neck.

cholera

noun /klr/an infectious often fatal bacterial diseaseAfter the floods there was an outbreak of cholera.

christmas

noun /krIsms/25th December, the day when Christians celebratethe birth of ChristThey wished all their christian colleagues a veryhappy christmas.

chromium

noun /krUmIm/chemical element; a hard white metal used instainless steel etc.The cars bumpers were plated with chromium tomake them shiny.

chronicle

noun /krnIkl/a record of events in the order that they happenedThe soldiers chronicle of the war was useful tohistorians.

chronological

adjective /krnldZIkl/arrangement of dates/ events in the order ofoccurrenceThe history teacher told the class to arrange thedates in chronological order.

chrysalis

noun /krIslIs/the case around a caterpillar that is changing into abutterfly or mothThe butterfly emerged from its chrysalis.

chrysanthemum

noun /krIsQnTmm/a garden flower that blooms in autumnChrysanthemum is known to be the queen of flowers.

chubby

adjective /tSbi/slightly fat which people find attractiveHe fondly patted the childs chubby cheeks.

C 9 to11age group

l 19 l


chunk

noun /tSNk/a thick solid piece, as of meat or woodThe dogs pounced on the chunk of meat.

cigarette

noun /sIgret/a small roll of shredded tobacco in thin paper forsmokingEven a single cigarette can harm your health.

circuit

noun /skIt /a motor racing track; the path of an electric currentMichael Schumacher was the fastest driver in the lastpart of the circuit.

circulation

noun /skjleISn/the movement of blood around the bodyExercise improves the circulation of blood around thebody.

circumstantial

adjective /sEkmstQnSl/pointing indirectly towards someones guiltThe report contained circumstantial evidence ofwrongdoing by the governor.

civilian

noun /sIvIlIn/a person who is not serving in the armed forcesA military uniform may not be worn by a civilian.

clairvoyant

noun /klevInt/a person who is said to be able to predict futureeventsThe clairvoyant predicted a storm for the next day.

clamp

verb /klQmp/to fix something firmlyThe carpenter had to clamp the piece of wood tokeep it from moving.

clank

noun /klQNk/an abrupt harsh metallic soundI could hear the clank of iron as the farrier worked.

clientele

noun /klintel/the customers of a shop/ restaurant etcZaid hopes to increase the clientele of his store.

clinician

noun /klInISn/one who works in or through a clinicAt the hospital a clinician took Sams blood for testing.

clink

verb /klINk/to make or cause to make a light and sharply ringingsoundI heard them clink their glasses together in a toast.

clone

noun /klUn/organisms or cells that are descended from acommon ancestor by asexual reproductionDolly the sheep was the first clone ever created of ananimal.

clover

noun /klUv[r]/a small plant usually with three leaves on each stalkA four leaf clover is said to bring you luck.

cockatoo

noun /kktu/a crested parrot

cockerel

noun /kkrl/a young male chicken

C9 to11age group

l 20 l


cockroach

noun /kkrVtS/a beetle like insect

coincidence

noun /kUInsIdns/the happening of similar events at the same time bychanceBy coincidence I saw him on the same bus.

coincidental

adjective /kUInsIdentl/happening of events with no apparent direct link orconnectionIt was purely coincidental that Sara and Saba met onthe plane after 20 years.

collaborator

noun /klQbreIt[r]/one that works jointly with othersRafi was my collaborator during the making of thedocumentary.

cologne

noun /klUn/perfumed liquid consisting of certain aromatic oilsMy father sprays himself with cologne every morning.

columnist

noun /klmnIst/a person who writes regularly for a newspaperThe columnist wrote about the festival in his column.

combustible

adjective /kmbstbl/capable of burningPaper is a combustible item.

comedian

noun /kmidin/someone who entertains people by making themlaughThe comedian made the audience laugh.

comfortable

adjective /kmftbl/making someone physically relaxedThe hotel is a comfortable establishment.

commemorate

verb /kmemreIt/to celebrate or remember some past event or personThis monument was built to commemorate the warhero.

commence

verb /kmens/to beginThe ceremony will commence in ten minutes.

commentary

noun /kmntri/a description of an event by someone who iswatching it, especially for radio or televisionHe listened to the cricket commentary on the radio.

committee

noun /kmIti/a group of people appointed to deal with somethingThe committee decided to install new lights at theplayground.

communication

noun /kmjunIkeISn/act of sharing or exchanging informationE-mail has made communication between friendseasier.

community

noun /kmjunti/a group with similar interests or originsMiklos is part of New Yorks Hungarian community.

compassionate

adjective /kmpQSnt/feeling or showing sympathy for people sufferingHe was a visionary with a compassionate heart.

C 9 to11age group

l 21 l


compensation

noun /kmpenseISn/something, such as money, given or received aspayment for a service or lossThe heirs of the deceased officials were given moneyas compensation.

competent

adjective /kmpItnt/having enough skill or knowledge to do somethingwell or to the necessary standardHe is a very competent worker.

complaint

noun /kmpleInt/a statement complaining about somethingThe police received a complaint about a disturbancein the apartment building.

complexion

noun /kmplekSn/the natural colour and appearance of the skin of thefaceThe baby had a healthy pink complexion.

complication

noun /kmplIkeISn/something that complicates things or adds difficultiesThere was a complication with the operation so thesurgeon had to do it again.

comprehension

noun /kmprIhenSn/understandingThe teacher will test your comprehension of the book.

compromise

verb /kmprmaIz/to settle a dispute by each side accepting less than itasked forThe two governments had to compromise in order toreach a solution to the problem.

conceal

verb /knsil/hide; keep something secretWe have put up curtains to conceal things from theneighbours.

conceited

adjective /knsitId/having too much self prideThe conceited girl believed she should have receivedthe prize.

concept

noun /knsept/an ideaThe designer came up with quite an interestingconcept.

concession

noun /knseSn/a reduction in the price for a certain category ofpersonShe has a fare concession on the train now that sheis over 60.

concierge

noun /knsIeZ/an attendant of a building or hotel entrance, adoorkeeper The concierge directed us to the managers office.

conciliate

verb /knsIlIeIt/to stop (someone) from being angry or discontented The boss wanted to conciliate the staff by giving thema raise.

condense

verb /kndens/to change from gas to liquidSteam will condense to water when it comes intocontact with a cold surface.

C9 to11age group

l 22 l


condiment

noun /kndImnt/substance such as salt, pepper, etc. used to flavourfoodHe asked the chef to tell him what condiment to servewith the grilled fish.

conduction

noun /kndkSn/the process of passing heat or electricity through amaterialThe students tried conduction in the college lab.

confederation

noun /knfedreISn/a group of states joined togetherAmerica is a confederation of 51 states.

confetti

noun /knfeti/tiny pieces of coloured paper thrown by guests onfestive occasionsThe guests at the wedding threw confetti at the brideand groom.

confidence

noun /knfIdns/firm trust; a feeling of certainty or boldness; beingsure that you can do somethingThe lack of confidence made him stammer.

confidential

adjective /knfIdenSl/secret, not told or shared with anyoneHe leaked the confidential information.

confluence

noun /knflUns/junction or meeting of 2 rivers or streamsWe went to see the confluence of the rivers Jhelumand Chenab in Kashmir.

congested

adjective /kndZestId/crowded; full of trafficMany of Europes airports are heavily congested.

congregate

verb /kNgrIgeIt/to assembleThe students were asked to congregate on theplaying field.

conquer

verb /kNk[r]/to defeat or overcomeThe king sent his army to conquer new land.

conscience

noun /knSns/the part of your mind that tells you whether youractions are right or wrongMy conscience does not allow me to tell a lie.

consecutive

adjective /knsekjUtIv/following one after anotherInzamam struck boundaries on consecutivedeliveries.

consequence

noun /knsIkwns/the result of something that has happenedHis careless driving lead to a tragic consequence.

considerable

adjective /knsIdrbl/notably largeHe used his considerable wealth to help the poor.

consistent

adjective /knsIstnt/keeping to a regular pattern or style; not changingConsistent results were achieved by Ali.

constabulary

noun /knstQbjUlri/police forceThe constabulary was out in force on New Years eve.

C 9 to11age group

l 23 l


contemptible

adjective /kntemptbl/not deserving any respect at allHurting her feelings like that was a contemptible thingto do.

contemptuous

adjective /kntemptSUs/feeling or showing no respectShe gave me a contemptuous look.

contentment

noun /kntentmnt/satisfactionHis peaceful surroundings led to a feeling ofcontentment.

continue

verb /kntInju/to begin again after stoppingThe game will continue after lunch.

contract

noun /kntrQkt/a formal agreement to do somethingHe has signed a contract to begin working at thefactory.

contradiction

noun /kntrdIkSn/lack of agreement between facts There is a contradiction between the two sets ofgraphs.

contribute

verb /kntrIbjut/to give towards somethingOur class was asked to contribute articles for theschool magazine.

convenient

adjective /knvinInt/easy to useE-mail is a convenient way of keeping in touch withfriends.

convince

verb /knvIns/to make someone agreeI will try to convince her to join us for a walk.

correspondence

noun /krspndns/letters a person sends and receivesThey maintained their friendship through regularcorrespondence.

corridor

noun /krId[r]/a passage in a buildingHe was caught smoking in the corridor.

cosmetic

noun /kzmetIk/any preparation applied to the body, esp the face,with the intention of beautifying itLipstick is a cosmetic.

cosmopolite

noun /kzmplaIt/one that is at home in every countryMaria is quite a cosmopolite yet she cant get used toour humid climate.

costume

noun /kstjum/clothes, especially for a particular purposeAli wore a Superman costume to the party.

cottage

noun /ktIdZ/a small, simple houseThe old abandoned cottage was the only refuge thehikers could find from the rain.

counsel

noun /kaUnsl/advice or guidance on conduct, behaviour, etcI told him to seek counsel to help choose a career forhimself.

C9 to11age group

l 24 l


counterfeit

adjective /kaUntfIt/fakeHe had a counterfeit dollar bill in his pocket.

coup

noun /ku/sudden seizure of power from governmentThe ruler was ousted by a military coup.

courageous

adjective /kreIdZs/braveHe took a courageous stand.

courier

noun /kUrI/messenger who transports goods or documentsHis job as courier takes him all over the city.

courtier

noun /kti[r]/one of a kings or queens companions at courtThe courtier bowed before the king.

crescent

noun /kresnt/a narrow, curved shape coming to a point at eachendThere is a crescent and star on the flag of Pakistan.

crew

noun /kru/the people working in a ship or aircraft; a groupworking togetherThe crew on board the space shuttle was ready toblast off.

criticism

noun /krItIsIzm/judgement of someones work or ideasHis new novel has received a great deal of negativecriticism.

crockery

noun /krkri/household chinaHis mother used her best crockery for Akbarsbirthday.

crocodile

noun /krkdaIl/a large tropical reptile with thick skin, a long tail andhuge jaws

croon

verb /krun/to sing softly and gentlyThe audience will croon along when Michael Bublewill sing in his concert.

crucial

adjective /kruSl/most importantThe crucial task for the company is to gain consumerconfidence.

crystal

noun /krIstl/a transparent colourless mineral rather like glassMother likes to decorate the house with vases madeof crystal.

cucumber

noun /kjukmb[r]/a long, green-skinned vegetable eaten raw or pickledThe price of cucumber shot up after the floods.

cultivate

verb /kltIveIt/to use land to grow cropsThe farmer will cultivate this field.

cumbersome

adjective /kmbsm/slow or complicated; difficult to carry because of sizeRafi dragged his cumbersome bag into the room.

C 9 to11age group

l 25 l


curfew

noun /kfju/a time or signal after which people must remainindoors until the next dayThe hostel imposes a curfew after dark.

curiosity

noun /kjUristi/having a desire to know about somethingThe letter was not addressed to me but I opened itout of curiosity.

curtain

noun /ktn/a piece of material hung at a window or doorI pulled back the curtain to let some light in.

cygnet

noun /sIgnIt/young swan

cylinder

noun /sIlInd[r]/an object with straight sides and circular endsA CNG kit with a 55 kg cylinder is available in themarket.

C9 to11age group

l 26 l


dacite

noun /deIsaIt/a light gray volcanic rockDacite is produced from continental lava flows thatsolidify quickly.

dagger

noun /dQg[r]/a pointed knife with two sharp edgesThe sultan wore his dagger in the front of his belt.

dasheen

noun /dQSin/a plant grown for its edible underground stemsDasheen should not be cooked too long as it willbecome mushy.

datolite

noun /deItlaIt/a mineral with crystals that are colorless or white witha greenish tingeSpecimens of datolite are largely found in Germany,Norway, and Italy.

debris

noun /debri/the remains of something broken down or destroyedWhere there were houses now there is only debrisafter the tsunami.

debt

noun /det/something that is owedHis debt amounts to Rs. 100.

decade

noun /dekeId/a period of ten yearsIts been a decade since I last heard from him.

decaffeinated

adjective /dikQfIneItId/(of coffee or tea) with the caffeine removedDecaffeinated coffee is available in the supermarket.

deceive

verb /dIsiv/to misleadIt is wrong to deceive your parents.

decipher

verb /dIsaIf[r]/make out; read or interpretI found it very difficult to decipher what Amina hadwritten in the note.

decision

noun /dIsIZn/making up ones mindI have made a decision to study hard for my exams.

declare

verb /dIkle/to say something clearly or firmlyShe was asked to declare her nationality.

decomposition

noun /dikmpzISn/the act of decayingThe decomposition of organic waste is brought aboutby bacteria.

decrease

verb /dIkris/to become or make become smaller in size, number,etc.People should decrease the amount of fat they eat.

decree

noun /dIkri/an official order from a ruler or a government thatbecomes the lawIn 1989, the government passed a decree to makeIslamiyat compulsory in all schools

defect

noun /dIfekt/a fault in something or in the way it has been madeThere was a manufacturing defect in the third batchof phones.

D 9 to11age group

l 27 l


deficiency

noun /dIfISnsi/a lack or shortageThe little boy has calcium deficiency because henever finishes his milk.

definite

adjective /defInt/clearly stated; exactHe has a very definite taste in clothes.

definition

noun /defInISn/a statement of what a word meansYou can use a dictionary to look up the definition of aword.

deflect

verb /dIflekt/to make something turn asideNASA tried to deflect the meteor away from theEarth.

deforestation

noun /difrIsteISn/the cutting down of trees or forests over a large areaDeforestation is bad for the environment.

defuse

verb /dIfjuz/to stop a possibly dangerous or difficult situation fromdevelopingThe spy had to defuse the bomb before the timerwent off.

dehydrate

verb /dihaIdreIt/to remove all the moisture from somethingPeople in Hunza dehydrate apricots to preserve themfor winter.

delay

noun /dIleI/a period of time when one has to wait because of aproblem that makes something slow or lateWe apologize for the delay in answering your letter.

deliberate

adjective /dIlIbrt/done on purposeShe made a deliberate attempt to hurt me.

delicacy

noun /delIksi/a delicious and rare foodCaviar is considered a delicacy in most countries.

delicate

adjective /delIkt/easily damagedShe wore a dress of delicate lace.

delicious

adjective /dIlISs/tasting or smelling very pleasantThe delicious apple pie was made by my mother.

delta

noun /delt/a triangular area at the mouth of the river where itspreads into branchesWe visited the Nile Delta on our visit to Africa.

deluge

noun /deljudZ/severe flood; heavy fall of rainWe were caught in a deluge as we waited for theschool bus.

delve

verb /delv/to searchHe began to delve into the book for quotations to usein his speech.

demeanor

noun /dImin[r]/behaviour towards others; outward mannerZebas calm demeanor hid her true feelings.

D9 to11age group

l 28 l


demolish

verb /dImlIS/to knock downWe will need to demolish the old house beforebuilding a new one.

demonstrate

verb /demnstreIt/to show somethingThe teacher will demonstrate the correct way to use acompass.

demoralise

verb /dImrlaIz/to dishearten someoneA defeat in the cricket match will demoralise thespectators.

dengue

noun /deNgi/a tropical viral disease transmitted by mosquitoesThe number of dengue patients was increasing dayby day.

deputation

noun /depjUteISn/a small group of people who are asked or allowed toact or speak for othersA deputation was representing the sugar growers atthe annual convention.

descend

verb /dIsend/to go downWe have to descend the hill to reach the valley.

deserve

verb /dIzv/to have a right to somethingYou deserve a prize for your performance.

despair

noun /dIspe[r]/a feeling of hopelessnessHe gave up the struggle in despair.

desperately

adverb /desprtli/without hopeShe looked desperately around for water.

dessert

noun /dIzt/fruit or sweet food served as the last course of a mealI am sure I could stay for dessert.

detection

noun /dItekSn/discoveryThe hard work of the police led to the detection of thecriminal.

detective

noun /dItektIv/a person who investigates crimesThe detective on the case was very smart.

deterence

noun /dIterns/the prevention of something, especially war or crime,by having something such as weapons or punishmentto use as a threat Such terrorism is peculiarly horrific because it issusceptible to no normal deterrence.

determined

adjective /dItmInd/with ones mind firmly made upThe determined student finally succeeded in hisattempt.

deuce

noun /djus/a score in tennis where both sides have 40 pointsand must gain two consecutive points to winIn the tennis match, Nasir held his opponent at deuceseveral times.

devastation

noun /devsteISn/destruction or damageThe flood caused wide spread devastation.

D 9 to11age group

l 29 l


devise

verb /dIvaIz/to invent a new system or new way of doingsomethingThey have to devise a new plan to control traffic inthe city.

devotee

noun /dev[U]ti/an enthusiastSara is a devotee of the opera and does not miss asingle performance.

devour

verb /dIvaU[r]/to eat or swallow something hungrily or greedilyThey saw the lion devour the zebra.

diagnose

verb /daIgnVz/to find out what disease a person has or what iswrongThe doctor found it difficult to diagnose the patientsillness.

diagonal

adjective /daIQgnl/at an angleThe teacher asked us to draw a diagonal line.

dialogue

noun /daIlg/a conversationThe play contained a long dialogue between the twomain characters.

diamond

noun /daImnd/a very hard, precious stone, that looks like clear glassThe Kohinoor diamond sits in the Tower of London.

diesel

noun /dizl/fuel that works by burning oil in compressed airThis car runs on diesel.

differ

verb /dIf/to be different or disagreeMy parents plans for my future differ from mine.

differentiate

verb /dIfrenSieIt/to distinguish; recognise differencesIt is hard to differentiate between these two types ofseeds.

diffuse

verb /dIfjuz/to spread widelyWe became aware of the leaking gas when it beganto diffuse through the whole house.

dilemma

noun /dIlem, daIlem/a difficult situation or problemWe were faced with the dilemma of crossing the riverwithout a boat.

disagreement

noun /dIsgrimnt/a difference of opinionMandy resigned from her job after a disagreementwith her boss.

disappearance

noun /dIspIrns/removal from sightNews of the little boys disappearance is all over thepapers.

disappoint

verb /dIspInt/to fail to do what someone hopes forHe studies hard because he does not want todisappoint his parents.

disapprove

verb /dIspruv/to not approve of somethingI disapprove of his rash behaviour.

D9 to11age group

l 30 l


disastrous

adjective /dIzAstrs/very badThe motorist avoided a disastrous accident.

disciple

noun /dIsaIpl/followerHe liked the teachings of the philosopher that hebecame his disciple.

discipline

noun /dIsIplIn/obedient behaviourThe school enforces strict discipline.

discomfiture

noun /dIskmfItS/uneasiness or embarrassmentHe laughed in spite of his discomfiture and shock.

discourage

verb /dIskrIdZ/to try to dissuade someone from doing somethingI will discourage him from smoking.

discreet

adjective /dIskrit/careful or prudent in ones speech or actionsRahil had to be very discreet when facing the angryboss.

discrimination

noun /dIskrImIneISn/unfair treatment of a person, racial group, minority,etc; action based on prejudiceThe management was accused of discriminationtowards the female work force.

disembarkation

noun /dIsembAkeISn/putting or going ashoreThe passengers picked up their suitcases, ready fordisembarkation.

disentangle

verb /dIsIntQNgl/straighten out ; unravel; untwist; remove knotsAfter many hours the princess managed todisentangle herself from the ropes.

disgraceful

adjective /dIsgreIsfl/shamefulHer disgraceful behaviour was frowned upon.

disguise

verb /dIsgaIz/to make a person or thing look different in order todeceive peopleThe thief tried to disguise himself in order to escapefrom the police.

disinfectant

noun /dIsInfektnt/a cleaning substance that prevents infection fromspreadingThe medical team quickly ran out of disinfectant.

dislodge

verb /dIsldZ/to move or force something from its placeIt was impossible to dislodge the heavy rock.

dismissal

noun /dIsmIsl/sending awayThe bad behaviour of the student led to his dismissalfrom class.

disposable

adjective /dIspUzbl/made to be thrown away after it has been usedI hope all these disposable products are recycled.

disregard

verb /dIsrIgAd/to pay no attention toShe chose to disregard my advice.

D 9 to11age group

l 31 l


distinguishable

adjective /dIstINgwISbl/possible to recognise as different from somebody orsomethingThe identical twins had no distinguishable features.

distribution

noun /dIstrIbjuSn/the act of sharing outMehr was responsible for the distribution of food tothe refugees.

document

noun /dkjumnt/a written paper giving information about somethingThis document needs to be typed.

dolphin

noun /dlfIn/a sea animal like a small whale with a beaklike snout

dominate

verb /dmIneIt/to control by being stronger or more powerfulThe bully tried to dominate his classmates.

drain

verb /dreIn/to empty or dry something by removing all the liquidThe chef instructed the cooks to drain and rinse thepasta.

dramatise

verb /drQmtaIz/to express in a dramatic wayHe tends to dramatise his problems.

draughts

noun /drAfts/a game played with 24 round pieces on a chessboardThey played a game of draughts.

dream

noun /drim/a series of images, events and feelings that happenin your mind while you are asleepI had a very clear dream about my old school.

drift

verb /drIft/move slowlyThey would eventually drift away from each other dueto family politics.

drown

verb /draUn/to die by being underwater too longShe attempted to drown herself in the sea.

drowsy

adjective /draUzi/sleepyThe drowsy traveller slept on the train.

drudgery

noun /drdZri/dull hard or menial workMachines have now taken away much of the drudgeryout of housework.

duel

noun /djul/a fight between two people, especially with pistols orswordsYou could go to jail for fighting a duel these days.duplicate

noun /djuplIkt/an exact copyAli kept a duplicate of the document.

duvet

noun /d[j]uveI/a soft thick quiltGrandmother has made a beautiful duvet for me.

D9 to11age group

l 32 l


dynamite

noun /daInmaIt/a powerful explosiveThe building was demolished with the help ofdynamite.

D 9 to11age group

l 33 l


earring

noun /IrIN/an ornament for the earShe lost an earring at the party.

eavesdrop

verb /ivzdrp/to listen secretly to a private conversationThe little boy tried to eavesdrop on his friendsconversation.

eccentric

adjective /IksentrIk/behaving strangelyThe eccentric behaviour of the old man surprisedpeople.

echo

noun /ekV/a sound that is heard again as it is reflected offsomethingShe heard an echo of her voice in the valley.

eclipse

noun /IklIps/the blocking of the suns or moons light when themoon or the Earth is in the wayA lunar eclipse is a rare event.

ecliptic

noun /IklIptIk/the apparent path of the Sun across the sky over thecourse of a yearIn spring, the ecliptic in the northern hemisphere isangled high in the evening sky.

eclogite

noun /ekldZaIt, ekldZaIt/a coarse-grained greenish rockEclogite is a rare rock formed under conditions ofhigh pressure.

ecologist

noun /IkldZIst/a specialist dealing with the relationship oforganisms & the environment.I work as an assistant to the famous ecologist MrKhan.

ecology

noun /ikldZi/the study of living things in relation to each other andtheir surroundingsEcology teaches you about nature.

economical

adjective /iknmIkl, eknmIkl/using as little as possibleThe hikers made economical use of their limitedwater supply.

edible

adjective /edIbl/suitable for eatingThey were separating edible berries from thepoisonous ones.

eerie

adjective /Iri/strange and frighteningI get an eerie feeling whenever I am near the oldhouse.

efficient

adjective /IfISnt/doing work wellShe is an efficient worker.

elastic

noun /IlQstIk/cord or material woven with strands of rubber so thatit can stretchThese trousers have a length of elastic sewn intotheir waistbands.

E9 to11age group

l 34 l


electricity

noun /IlektrIsti/a form of energy carried by certain particles of matter,used for lighting, heating and other workThe electricity had been cut off.

elephantine

adjective /elIfQntaIn/resembling, or characteristic of an elephant, like largeor clumsy.The elaphantine jet was so wide that it needed aspecial runway.

eligible

adjective /elIdZIbl/fit or proper to be chosenThe school team was eligible to compete in thespelling bee competition.

eliminate

verb /IlImIneIt/to get rid of, removeShe used a spray to eliminate the cockroaches in herkitchen.

elliptical

adjective /IlIptIkl/oval-shapedThe Earth follows an elliptical orbit around the Sun.

elope

verb /IlUp/to run away with someone inorder to marry secretlyAs their parents did not agree to their marriage theydecided to elope.

eloquence

noun /elkwns/fluent or persuasive speaking or writingHe enthralled the audience with his eloquence.

embassy

noun /embsi/a group of officials led by an ambassadorrepresenting their government in a foreign countryThe embassy was informed about the law and ordersituation in the city.

embrace

noun /ImbreIs/an affectionate hugShe held her mother in a warm embarce.

embroidery

noun /ImbrIdri/the art of needleworkShe is good at embroidery.

emend

verb /Imend/to remove errors from a piece of writingThe editors job is to emend newspaper articles.

emerald

noun /emrld/a bright-green, precious stoneThis emerald was mined in Columbia.

emergency

noun /ImdZnsi/a sudden, serious happening needing prompt actionIt is important to stay calm in an emergency.

emigrate

verb /emIgreIt/to leave your own country and go and live in anotherHe is going to emigrate to Canada.

emotion

noun /ImUSn/a strong feeling such as of love, anger, sadness orfearHe did not want to express any emotion at the funeralof his brother.

E 9 to11age group

l 35 l


emperor

noun /empr[r]/a man who rules an empireThe emperor ruled his empire wisely.

empire

noun /empaI[r]/a group of states or countries controlled by one ruleror governmentThe Ottoman Empire collapsed after the revolt.

employment

noun /ImplImnt/a persons regular trade or professionHe found employment as a gardener.

enchanting

adjective /IntSAntIN/charmingShe has an enchanting personality.

endure

verb /IndjU[r], endjU[r]/suffer or put up with pain or hardshipWhile on a family holiday, she had to endure hercousins arrogance.

energetic

adjective /endZetIk/full of energyThe energetic child refused to sit down.

engagement

noun /IngeIdZmnt/an appointment or commitmentTheir engagement was announced in the local paper.

enjoyableadjective /IndZIbl/pleasantThe summer fair is always an enjoyable occasion.

enlightened

adjective /InlaItnd/having an understanding of peoples needs andsituationThe enlightened couple kept themselves informed ofthe latest news.

enormous

adjective /Inms/very bigThe elephant is an enormous animal.

enquire

verb /InkwaI[r]/ask for informationHe walked up to the post office to enquire how longthey were open.

enrol

verb /InrUl/to joinHe decided to enrol in a cricket club.

entertainment

noun /entteInmnt/something performed before an audience to amuse orinterest themThe singer provided us with entertainment.

enthusiasm

noun /InTjuzIQzm/a strong liking, interest or excitementAkbar has a great enthusiasm for playing cricket.

entrance

noun /entrns/the way into a placeWe could not find the entrance so we went in throughthe back.

envelope

noun /envlUp, nvlUp/a wrapper or covering, especially a folded cover for aletterThe envelope was addressed to his father.

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l 36 l


environment

noun /InvaIrnmnt/surroundingsAn unhappy home environment can affect a childsbehaviour.

episode

noun /epIsUd/one event in a series of happeningsTheir fight was quite a sordid episode.

equator

noun /IkweIt[r]/an imaginary line around the earth at an equaldistance from the North and South polesThe teacher asked the students to mark the equatoron the map.

equilibrium

noun /ikwIlIbrIm/a state of balanceThe see-saw is in equilibrium when it is horizontal.

eruption

noun /IrpSn/bursting outA major volcanic eruption can cause severedevastation.

escalate

verb /eskleIt/to make or become greater, more serious or moreintenseWe should not allow minor disagreements betweencountries to escalate into war.

escape

verb /IskeIp/to get yourself freeThe prisoner tried to escape from prison.

espresso

noun /espresU/coffee made by forcing steam through ground coffeebeansHe ordered an espresso at the restaurant.

essence

noun /esns/a concentrated liquidWe forgot to add vanilla essence to the cake batter.

essential

adjective /IsenSl/not able to be done withoutMilk is an essential part of a childs diet.

esteem

noun /Istim/respect and admirationI hold my elders in high esteem.

estimate

verb /estImeIt/to make a guess about an amount or valueI estimate that it will take me one hour to write thisessay.

ethnic

adjective /eTnIk/belonging to a particular racial group within a largerset of peopleAborigines form an ethnic community in Australia.

etiquette

noun /etIket/the rules of correct behaviourProper etiquette requires you to write thank-you notesfor gifts.

European

adjective /jUrpin/to do with Europe or its peopleThe European currency is called the Euro.

evacuate

verb /IvQkjUeIt/to move people away from a dangerous placeFiremen had to evacuate people from the burningbuilding.

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evacuees

noun /IvQkjUiz/people who have been evacuatedThe evacuees were moved uphill after the flood haddestroyed their houses.

evaluate

verb /IvQljUeIt/to estimate the worth of somethingThe report card will evaluate your performance inschool.

evaporate

verb /IvQpreIt/to change from liquid into steam or vapourHeat causes water to evaporate.

eventual

adjective /IventSUl/happening at lastHis eventual success is guaranteed due to his hardwork.

evidence

noun /evIdns/anything that gives people reason to believesomethingThe police found evidence to prove the man guilty ofrobbery.

exaggeration

noun /IgzQdZreISn/the act of describing something as bigger, better or worse than it really isHis story was obviously an exaggeration of the truth.

examination

noun /IgzQmIneISn/a test, assessmentMehr scored high marks in her science examination.

excavate

verb /ekskveIt/to dig outThe archaeologist wanted to excavate the remains ofthe Indus Valley Civilisation.

exceed

verb /Iksid/to be more or greater thanDrivers should not exceed the speed limit.

excellence

noun /ekslns/extremely good qualityHe was awarded a medal for his excellence in sports.

exceptional

adjective /IksepSnl/outstandingly goodThe actor was praised for his exceptionalperformance in the film.

excessively

adverb /IksesIvli/more than necessaryThe private sector has been borrowing excessivelyfrom the banking system.

excitement

noun /IksaItmnt/a strong feeling of eagerness or pleasureThe news caused great excitement among herfriends.

exclaim

verb /IkskleIm/shout out in surpriseThe children began to exclaim in surprise at the sightof the clown.

excruciating

adjective /IkskruSieItIN/very painfulMaha has an excruciating headache.

exercise

noun /ekssaIz/using your body to make it strong and healthyYou must exercise to keep well.

E9 to11age group

l 38 l


exhale

verb /eksheIl/breathe outHe coughs every time he tries to exhale.

exhaustive

adjective /IgzstIv/thoroughWe made an exhaustive search.

expectation

noun /ekspekteISn/something expected or hoped forIt is my expectation that I will do well in my exams.

expel

verb /Ikspel/to officially make somebody leave a school ororganizationThe Principal warned the student that if he did notmend his ways, he would have to expel him.

expenditure

noun /IkspendItS[r]/the spending of moneyBuilding a house involves considerable expenditure.

experience

noun /IkspIrIns/something that has happened to youMy camping trip was an enjoyable experience.

experiment

noun /IksperImnt/a test made in order to find out what happensThe students conducted an experiment duringscience class.

expire

verb /IkspaI, ekspaI/to be no longer valid because the period of time forwhich it could be used has endedEven though the jam would expire next month, hethrew it away.

exploit

verb /IksplIt/to use a person or thing selfishlyIt is wrong to exploit people.

explosion

noun /IksplUZn/the exploding of a bomb etc.There was a loud explosion in the neighbourskitchen.

express

verb /Ikspres/to make knownHe tried to express his anger.

extend

verb /Ikstend/to make something longer or largerIt was decided to extend the road to manage trafficload during rush hours.

extraordinary

adjective /Ikstrdnri, ekstrdnri/very unusual or strangeThis ice cream has an extraordinary taste.

extraterrestrial

adjective /ekstrtrestrIl/from outer spaceScientists have been searching for extraterrestrial life.

extravagant

adjective /IkstrQvgnt, ekstrQvgnt/spending a lot more money than necessaryEvery month, she spends an extravagant amount ofmoney on clothes.

eyewitness

noun /aIwItns/a person who actually saw an occurrenceShe was an eyewitness to the car accident.

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fable

noun /feIbl/a short story that teaches one a moralMehr enjoyed reading the fable about the princess.

fabulous

adjective /fQbjls/wonderfulThe actress gave a fabulous performance in the play.

facies

noun /feISIiz/the characteristics of a rockThe term facies was introduced by a Swiss geologistin 1838.

facility

noun /fsIlti/something providing the means to do thingsIrans nuclear facility is under media scrutiny.

factory

noun /fQktri/a large building where machines are used to makethingsHis best friend works at the car factory.

faculty

noun /fQklti/a department teaching a particular subject in auniversityThe faculty of music arranged a concert last week.

faint

verb /feInt/become unconsciousShe thought she would faint when she saw themouse.

faithfully

adverb /feITfli, feITfUli/loyallyAkbar served his employer faithfully.

fallacy

noun /fQlsi/a mistaken beliefIt is a fallacy to think that an apple a day will keep thedoctor away.

familiarity

noun /fmIlIQrti/state of knowing something wellThe guides familiarity with the area was anadvantage to the tourists.

famine

noun /fQmIn/a very bad shortage of food in an areaThe charity distributed food in the area affected by afamine.

famished

adjective /fQmISt/very hungryThe hikers were famished after their long walk.

fanatic

noun /fnQtIk/a person who is very enthusiastic about somethingThe cricket fanatic attended every single match of theseries.

fantasy

noun /fQntsi/imagined happeningIn his fantasy, he saw himself winning the race.

farce

noun /fAs/a comedy that uses absurd ridiculous situations andis noisy and roughThe parents were not happy with the farce staged bythe school.

farewell

noun /fewel/goodbyeI felt sad bidding farewell to my friends.

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farther

adverb /fAD[r]/more distantHe lives farther from the school, than I do.

fascination

noun /fQsIneISn/attraction or interestStamp collecting holds a peculiar fascination for somepeople.

fashionable

adjective /fQSnbl/in keeping with the current style She was wearing a fashionable black hat.

fatigue

noun /ftig/tirednessRest will help relieve your fatigue.

favourable

adjective /feIvrbl/showing approval There were many favourable reviews of the new book.

favouritism

noun /feIvrItIzm/the practice of giving special treatment to a person orgroupThe umpire was accused of favouritism.

fearsome

adjective /fIsm/frighteningThey have a fearsome new headmaster.

feature

noun /fitS[r]/an important partThe most important feature of a camera is its lens.

federal

adjective /fedrl/to do with a system in which several states are ruledby a central government but are responsible for theirown internal affairsThe federal government decided to abolish childlabour.

federation

noun /fedreISn/the union of several provinces, states, to form afederal unionThe United States of America is a federation ofstates.

feign

verb /feIn/pretend to be affected by a feeling or injuryHe decided to feign illness in order not to give thetest.

fellow

noun /felU/a man or boyThe old fellow crossed the street.

feminine

adjective /femInIn/to do with or like womenShe wears the most feminine clothes.

fence

noun /fens/a barrier made of wood or wire around an areaA wooden fence surrounded the farm house.

fennel

noun /fenl/an aromatic herb of the parsley familySprigs of fennel are used to garnish food.

ferment

verb /fment/to bubble and change chemically by the action of asubstance such as yeastYeast will ferment if you add sugar and liquid to it.

F 9 to11age group

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fermium

noun /fmIm/a very rare radioactive metalFermium is an artifically produced chemical element.

ferocious

adjective /frUSs/fierce or savageI have a ferocious dog.

ferrite

noun /feraIt/a chemical containing ironFerrite is used to make the filaments in electric bulbs.

fertilisation

noun /ftlaIzeISn/the act of adding substances to the soil to make itmore fertileThe fertilisation of the field improved the wheat crop.

festival

noun /festIvl/a time when people arrange special celebrationsVesak is a Buddhist festival of lights.

festoon

noun /festun/ornamental chain or garland hung in a curveWe will festoon the hall with garlands for the wedding.

fete

noun /feIt/an outdoor entertainment with stalls and sideshowsThere will be a magic show at the fete.

feverish

adjective /fivrIS/having an abnormally high body temperatureThe feverish boy slept all morning.

fidgeting

verb /fIdZItIN/make small restless movementsHe kept fidgeting throughout the lecture.

filmgoer

noun /fIlmgU/a person who goes to the cinemaThe filmgoer was a regular at DHA Cinema.

finalist

noun /faInlIst/a competitor in a finalHe is a finalist here for the second year running.

finance

noun /faInQns/the use or management of moneyIt is important for a businessman to be trained infinance.

fishmonger

noun /fISmNg[r]/a shopkeeper who sells fishThat fishmonger sells the finest fish.

flattering

adjective /flQtrIN/make a person or thing seem better than they reallyareIt was not a very flattering photograph.

flaunt

verb /flnt/to show offHe likes to flaunt his expensive cars.

flavour

noun /fleIv[r]/the taste of somethingToo much salt will spoil the flavour of the food.

flea

noun /fli/a small jumping insect that sucks blood

flexible

adjective /fleksIbl/easy to bend or stretchGymnasts have flexible bodies.

F9 to11age group

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flicker

verb /flIk[r]/to burn or shine unsteadilyThe candle will flicker in the breeze.

floral

adjective /flrl/of or decorated with flowersThe queen laid a floral wreath on the grave.

flounder

verb /flaUnd[r]/to move clumsily or with difficultyHe had to flounder through the deep water.

flour

noun /flaU[r]/a fine powder of wheat or other grain, used in cookingShe made the bread with flour and eggs.

flourish

verb /flrIS/to grow or develop stronglyPlants flourish if they are watered regularly.

fluctuation

noun /flktSUeISn/constant changeThe cake was spoilt because of the fluctuation in thetemperature of the oven.

fluent

adjective /flunt/able to speak easily and wellMehr speaks fluent Sindhi.

fluid

adjective /fluId/able to flow freelyOil is a fluid substance.

fluke

noun /fluk/an accidental stroke of luckThe team is determined to show that its last win wasno fluke.

folklore

noun /fUkl[r]/traditional beliefs & customs of region or communitypassed on by word of mouth Shazia is collecting the folklore of the Kalash.

forbidden

adjective /fbIdn/not allowedHansel and Gretel ate the forbidden chocolate.

forceful

adjective /fsfUl/strong and vigorousHe made a grand and forceful speech.

forecast

noun /fkAst/a predictionThe weather forecast said it would be sunny today.

foreground

noun /fgraUnd/the front part of a scene or viewSeveral cows could be seen in the foreground of thepainting of the farm.

forehand

noun /fhQnd/a stroke made in tennisThe tennis player knew that his opponent had asloppy forehand.

foreign

adjective /frn/belonging to another countryThe foreign delegates enjoyed their stay in Pakistan.

F 9 to11age group

l 43 l


foreseeable

adjective /fsibl/able to be known beforehandI will not be visiting Lahore in the foreseeable future.

forgiveness

noun /fgIvns/pardonThe convict begged for forgiveness, but to no avail.

formidable

adjective /fmIdbl/frighteningA raging elephant is a formidable sight.

formula

noun /fmjl/a rule expressed in symbols or numbersThe students were taught the formula for calculatingthe volume of an object.

fortnight

noun /ftnaIt/a period of two weeksThe parcel will probably be here in a fortnight.

fortress

noun /ftrs/a fortified building or townThe fortress was very strong and strategicallylocated.

fortunately

adverb /ftSnItli/luckilyFortunately, it did not rain during the picnic.

fossil

noun /fs[]l, fsIl/the remains of a prehistoric animal or plant that havebeen buried in the ground for centuries and becomehardened in rockA fossil reveals information about a prehistoric plantor animal.

fountain

noun /faUntIn/an ornamental structure in which a jet of water shootsup into the airWe threw coins into the fountain for good luck.

fowl

noun /faUl/a bird, especially one kept on a farm etc. for its eggsor meat

fragile

adjective /frQdZaIl/easy to break or damageThe fragile glass fell and broke.

frantic

adjective /frQntIk/wildly agitated or excitedThe doctors made frantic attempts to revive him.

freak

adjective /frik/very strange or abnormalArif was killed in a freak accident.

frequent

adjective /frikwnt/happening oftenMehr made frequent trips to the library.

frightening

adjective /fraItnIN/making afraidFrightening sounds were heard at night.

frolic

verb /frlIk/play about in a lively cheerful wayThe children were allowed to frolic in the park.

frosty

adjective /frsti/unfriendly or unwelcomingShe gave me a frosty look when I refused to help her.

F9 to11age group

l 44 l


frustration

noun /frstreISn/angry disappointmentAli banged the table in frustration.

fuel

noun /fjul/something that is burnt to produce heat or powerCoal is used as fuel to run train engines.

fumble

verb /fmbl/hold or handle something clumsilyWhile he was sitting alone he began to fumble withhis keys.

fundamental

adjective /fndmentl/basicBelieving in one God is a fundamental principle ofIslam.

funeral

noun /fjunrl/the ceremony when a dead person is buriedMaliks funeral will be on Monday.

fungus

noun /fNgs/a green colouring, usually growing on other plants ordecaying matterThe bread was out all night so it developed a funguson its surface.

furnace

noun /fnIs/an enclosed structure in which material is heated atvery high temperaturesThe upper storey is like a furnace during summers.

furniture

noun /fnItS[r]/tables, chairs, and other moveable things that youneed in a house or school or officeWe went to buy new furniture for the house.

furry

adjective /fri/covered with furShe found small furry animals very cute.

fuse

noun /fjuz/a safety device containing a short piece of wire thatmelts if too much electricity is passed through itA fuse is used in an electrical circuit for safety.

F 9 to11age group

l 45 l


gadget

noun /gQdZIt/any small, useful toolThis gadget is used to open tins.

gaily

adverb /geIli/in a cheerful wayThe children waved gaily as they left for school.

gallant

adjective /gQlnt/brave The soldiers gallant behaviour was rewarded with amedal.

g

dawn-spelling-bee-wordlist.pdf

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