David Hume an Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals 2006
David Hume an Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals
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Transcript of David Hume an Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals
8/12/2019 David Hume an Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals
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AN ENQUIRY CONCERNING THE PRINCIPLES OF MORALS
BY DAVID HUME
A 1912 REPRINT OF THE EDITION OF 1777
INFORMATION ABOUT THIS E-TEXT EDITION
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR0S ADVERTISEMENT
CONTENTS PAGE
AN ENQUIRY CONCERNING THE PRINCIPLES OF MORALS
APPENDIX
AUTHOR0S ADVERTISEMENT4
M&( f (he +*#$3#+!e& '$, *e'&$#$%& 3$('#$e, #$ (h#& !./e
:F($(e< V!./e II4 f (he +&(h./.& e,#(#$ f H./e0& "*6&
+.5!#&he, #$ 1777 '$, 3$('#$#$% 5e&#,e& (he +*e&e$( ENQUIRY A
DISSERTATION ON THE PASSIONS '$, AN ENQUIRY CONCERNING HUMAN
UNDERSTANDING4 A *e+*#$( f (h#& !'((e* (*e'(#&e h'& '!*e',
'++e'*e, #$ The Re!#%#$ f S3#e$3e L#5*'* =NO4 >?@;
"e*e +.5!#&he, #$ ' "*6 #$ (h*ee !./e& 3'!!e, A TREATISE OF
HUMAN NATURE< A "*6 "h#3h (he A.(h* h', +*e3(e, 5ef*e he
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CONTENTS PAGE
I4 Of (he Ge$e*'! P*#$3#+!e& f M*'!&
II4 Of Be$e!e$3e
III4 Of .&(#3e
IV4 Of P!#(#3'! S3#e(
V4 h U(#!#( P!e'&e&
VI4 Of Q.'!#(#e& U&ef.! ( O.*&e!e&
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VII4 Of Q.'!#(#e& I//e,#'(e! A%*ee'5!e ( O.*&e!e&
VIII4 Of Q.'!#(#e& I//e,#'(e! A%*ee'5!e ( O(he*&
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II4 Of Se!f-!e
III4 S/e F'*(he* C$&#,e*'(#$& "#(h Re%'*, ( .&(#3e
IV4 Of S/e Ve*5'! D#&+.(e&
AN ENQUIRY CONCERNING THE PRINCIPLES OF MORALS
SECTION I4
OF THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MORALS4
DISPUTES "#(h /e$ +e*(#$'3#.&! 5&(#$'(e #$ (he#* +*#$3#+!e&
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PART I4
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SECTION III4
OF USTICE4
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SECTION IV4
OF POLITICAL SOCIETY4
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SECTION V4
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OF QUALITIES USEFUL TO OURSELVES4
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OF QUALITIES IMMEDIATELY AGREEABLE TO OURSELVES4
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e( #& #( f ' 6#$, &#/#!'* ( (h'( (he* &e$(#/e$( "h#3h '*#&e&
f*/ #e"& f ' +.5!#3 * +*#'(e .(#!#(4 The &'/e &3#'!
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* /#&e* %#e& *#&e ( 5(h '$, (h#& '$'!% #$ '!! (he +'*(&
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f #(4
SECTION VIII4
OF QUALITIES IMMEDIATELY AGREEABLE TO OTHERS4
:F($(e< I( #& (he $'(.*e '$, #$,ee, (he ,ef#$#(#$ f
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#*(.e (h'( #( #& A QUALITY OF THE MIND AGREEABLE TO OR APPROVED
OF BY EVERY ONE HO CONSIDERS OR CONTEMPLATES IT4 B.( &/e
.'!#(#e& +*,.3e +!e'&.*e 5e3'.&e (he '*e .&ef.! ( &3#e(
* .&ef.! * '%*ee'5!e ( (he +e*&$ h#/&e!f (he*& +*,.3e #(
/*e #//e,#'(e! "h#3h #& (he 3'&e "#(h (he 3!'&& f #*(.e&
he*e 3$&#,e*e,4;
AS (he /.(.'! &h36& #$ SOCIETY '$, (he ++&#(#$& f #$(e*e&(
'$, &e!f-!e h'e 3$&(*'#$e, /'$6#$, ( e&('5!#&h (he !'"& f
USTICE #$ *,e* ( +*e&e*e (he ','$('%e& f /.(.'! '&&#&('$3e
'$, +*(e3(#$< #$ !#6e /'$$e* (he e(e*$'! 3$(*'*#e(#e& #$
COMPANY f /e$0& +*#,e '$, &e!f-3$3e#( h'e #$(*,.3e, (he
*.!e& f G, M'$$e*& * P!#(e$e&& #$ *,e* ( f'3#!#('(e (he
#$(e*3.*&e f /#$,& '$, '$ .$,#&(.*5e, 3//e*3e '$,
3$e*&'(#$4 A/$% "e!!-5*e, +e+!e ' /.(.'! ,efe*e$3e #&
'ffe3(e, 3$(e/+( f (he*& ,#&%.#&e, '.(h*#( 3$3e'!e,
'((e$(#$ %#e$ ( e'3h #$ h#& (.*$ '$, '$ e'& &(*e'/ f
3$e*&'(#$ /'#$('#$e, "#(h.( ehe/e$3e "#(h.( #$(e**.+(#$
"#(h.( e'%e*$e&& f* #3(* '$, "#(h.( '$ '#*& f
&.+e*#*#(4 The&e '((e$(#$& '$, *e%'*,& '*e #//e,#'(e!
AGREEABLE ( (he*& '5&(*'3(e, f*/ '$ 3$&#,e*'(#$ f .(#!#(
* 5e$ef#3#'! (e$,e$3#e&< (he 3$3#!#'(e 'ffe3(#$ +*/(e
e&(ee/ '$, e)(*e/e! e$h'$3e (he /e*#( f (he +e*&$ "h
*e%.!'(e& h#& 5eh'#.* 5 (he/4
M'$ f (he f*/& f 5*ee,#$% '*e '*5#(*'* '$, 3'&.'! 5.( (he
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(h#$% e)+*e&&e, 5 (he/ #& &(#!! (he &'/e4 A S+'$#'*, %e& .( f
h#& "$ h.&e 5ef*e h#& %.e&( ( &#%$#f (h'( he !e'e& h#/
/'&(e* f '!!4 I$ (he* 3.$(*#e& (he !'$,!*, "'!6& .( !'&(
'& ' 3//$ /'*6 f ,efe*e$3e '$, *e%'*,4
B.( #$ *,e* ( *e$,e* ' /'$ +e*fe3( GOOD COMPANY he /.&( h'e
#( '$, I$%e$.#( '& "e!! '& %, /'$$e*&4 h'( "#( #& #( /'
$( 5e e'& ( ,ef#$e 5.( #( #& e'& &.*e! ( ,e(e*/#$e (h'( #(
#& ' .'!#( #//e,#'(e! AGREEABLE ( (he*& '$, 3//.$#3'(#$%
$ #(& f#*&( '++e'*'$3e ' !#e! '$, &'(#&f'3(#$ ( ee*
$e "h h'& '$ 3/+*ehe$&#$ f #(4 The /&( +*f.$,
/e('+h& #$,ee, /#%h( 5e e/+!e, #$ e)+!'#$#$% (he '*#.&
6#$,& '$, &+e3#e& f "#( '$, /'$ 3!'&&e& f #( "h#3h '*e $"
*e3e#e, $ (he &!e (e&(#/$ f ('&(e '$, &e$(#/e$( /#%h(
+e*h'+& 5e *e&!e, #$( /*e %e$e*'! +*#$3#+!e&4 B.( (h#& #&
&.ff#3#e$( f* .* +*e&e$( +.*+&e (h'( #( ,e& 'ffe3( ('&(e '$,
&e$(#/e$( '$, 5e&("#$% '$ #//e,#'(e e$/e$( #& ' &.*e &.*3e
f '++*5'(#$ '$, 'ffe3(#$4
I$ 3.$(*#e& "he*e /e$ +'&& /&( f (he#* (#/e #$ 3$e*&'(#$
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&+e'6 '*e f h#%h e&(#/'(#$ '$, f*/ ' 3h#ef +'*( f +e*&$'!
/e*#(4 I$ 3.$(*#e& "he*e /e$ !#e ' /*e ,/e&(#3 !#fe '$,
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$'**"e* 3#*3!e f '3.'#$('$3e (he /*e &!#, .'!#(#e& '*e
3h#ef! *e%'*,e,4 Th.& I h'e f(e$ 5&e*e, (h'( '/$% (he
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POLITE HAS HE IT I$ .* "$ 3.$(* (he 3h#ef +*'#&e 5e&("e,
#& '!"'& (h'( f ' GOOD-NATURED SENSIBLE FELLO4
I$ 3$e*&'(#$ (he !#e! &+#*#( f ,#'!%.e #& AGREEABLE ee$
( (h&e "h ,e&#*e $( ( h'e '$ &h'*e #$ (he ,#&3.*&e< he$3e
(he (e!!e* f !$% &(*#e& * (he +/+.& ,e3!'#/e* #& e*
!#((!e '++*e, f4 B.( /&( /e$ ,e&#*e !#6e"#&e (he#* (.*$ #$
(he 3$e*&'(#$ '$, *e%'*, "#(h ' e* e#! ee (h'(
LOQUACITY "h#3h ,e+*#e& (he/ f ' *#%h( (he '*e $'(.*'!! &
e'!.& f4
The*e #& ' &*( f h'*/!e&& LIARS f*e.e$(! ( 5e /e( "#(h #$
3/+'$ "h ,e'! /.3h #$ (he /'*e!!.&4 The#* .&.'! #$(e$(#$
#& ( +!e'&e '$, e$(e*('#$ 5.( '& /e$ '*e /&( ,e!#%h(e, "#(h
"h'( (he 3$3e#e ( 5e (*.(h (he&e +e+!e /#&('6e e)(*e/e!
(he /e'$& f +!e'&#$% '$, #$3.* .$#e*&'! 5!'/e4 S/e
#$,.!%e$3e h"ee* ( !#$% * f#3(#$ #& %#e$ #$ HUMOROUS
&(*#e& 5e3'.&e #( #& (he*e *e'!! '%*ee'5!e '$, e$(e*('#$#$%
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E!.e$3e %e$#.& f '!! 6#$,& ee$ %, &e$&e '$, &.$,
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'!! (he&e e$,"/e$(& &ee/ #//e,#'(e! '%*ee'5!e '$, h'e ' /e*#(
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.&.'! /e'$#$% #& "he$ #( #& ++&e, ( IMPUDENCE '$, ARROGRANCE
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MARQUIS OF SPINOLA &'#, he IS THE SECOND4 Th.%h #( #&
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OULD BE GUILTY :F($(e< Q.#$3(#!4 !#54 4 3'+4 124;--I$
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SECTION IX4
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CONCLUSION4
PART I4
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PART II4
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HONESTY IS THE BEST POLICY /' 5e ' %, %e$e*'! *.!e 5.( #&
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8/12/2019 David Hume an Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals
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APPENDIX I4
CONCERNING MORAL SENTIMENT
IF (he f*e%#$% h+(he&#& 5e *e3e#e, #( "#!! $" 5e e'& f*
.& ( ,e(e*/#$e (he .e&(#$ f#*&( &('*(e, :FOOTNOTE< Se3(4 14;
3$3e*$#$% (he %e$e*'! +*#$3#+!e& f /*'!& '$, (h.%h "e
+&(+$e, (he ,e3#&#$ f (h'( .e&(#$ !e&( #( &h.!, (he$
#$!e .& #$ #$(*#3'(e &+e3.!'(#$& "h#3h '*e .$f#( f* /*'!
,#&3.*&e& "e /' *e&./e #( '( +*e&e$( '$, e)'/#$e h" f'*
e#(he* REASON * SENTIMENT e$(e*& #$( '!! ,e3#&#$& f +*'#&e *
3e$&.*e4
O$e +*#$3#+'! f.$,'(#$ f /*'! +*'#&e 5e#$% &.++&e, ( !#e #$
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(he .&ef.!$e&& f '$ .'!#( * '3(#$ #( #& e#,e$( (h'(
REASON /.&( e$(e* f* ' 3$&#,e*'5!e &h'*e #$ '!! ,e3#&#$& f
(h#& 6#$, &#$3e $(h#$% 5.( (h'( f'3.!( 3'$ #$&(*.3( .& #$ (he
(e$,e$3 f .'!#(#e& '$, '3(#$& '$, +#$( .( (he#* 5e$ef#3#'!
3$&e.e$3e& ( &3#e( '$, ( (he#* +&&e&&*4 I$ /'$ 3'&e&
(h#& #& '$ 'ff'#* !#'5!e ( %*e'( 3$(*e*&< ,.5(& /' '*#&e
++&#(e #$(e*e&(& /' 33.* '$, ' +*efe*e$3e /.&( 5e %#e$ (
$e &#,e f*/ e* $#3e #e"& '$, ' &/'!! e*5'!'$3e f
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( .&(#3e '& #& #$,ee, $'(.*'! ( &.++&e f*/ (h'( &+e3#e&
f .(#!#( "h#3h '((e$,& (h#& #*(.e :F($(e< See A++4 II4;4
e*e ee* &#$%!e #$&('$3e f .&(#3e !#6e (h'( f 5e$e!e$3e
.&ef.! ( &3#e( (h#& ".!, 5e ' /*e &#/+!e &('(e f (he 3'&e
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f .&(#3e '*e f(e$ +e*$#3#.& #$ (he#* f#*&( '$, #//e,#'(e
(e$,e$3 '$, '& (he ','$('%e ( &3#e( *e&.!(& $! f*/ (he
5&e*'$3e f (he %e$e*'! *.!e '$, f*/ (he 3$3.**e$3e '$,
3/5#$'(#$ f &ee*'! +e*&$& #$ (he &'/e e.#('5!e 3$,.3( (he
3'&e he*e 5e3/e& /*e #$(*#3'(e '$, #$!e,4 The '*#.&
3#*3./&('$3e& f &3#e( (he '*#.& 3$&e.e$3e& f '$
+*'3(#3e (he '*#.& #$(e*e&(& "h#3h /' 5e +*+&e, (he&e $
/'$ 33'&#$& '*e ,.5(f.! '$, &.5e3( ( %*e'( ,#&3.&&#$ '$,
#$.#*4 The 5e3( f /.$#3#+'! !'"& #& ( f#) '!! (he .e&(#$&
"#(h *e%'*, ( .&(#3e< (he ,e5'(e& f 3##!#'$& (he *ef!e3(#$&
f +!#(#3#'$& (he +*e3e,e$(& f h#&(* '$, +.5!#3 *e3*,& '*e
'!! ,#*e3(e, ( (he &'/e +.*+&e4 A$, ' e* '33.*'(e REASON *
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UDGEMENT #& f(e$ *e.#&#(e ( %#e (he (*.e ,e(e*/#$'(#$
'/#,&( &.3h #$(*#3'(e ,.5(& '*#&#$% f*/ 5&3.*e * ++&#(e
.(#!#(#e&4
B.( (h.%h *e'&$ "he$ f.!! '&&#&(e, '$, #/+*e, 5e
&.ff#3#e$( ( #$&(*.3( .& #$ (he +e*$#3#.& * .&ef.! (e$,e$3 f
.'!#(#e& '$, '3(#$& #( #& $( '!$e &.ff#3#e$( ( +*,.3e '$
/*'! 5!'/e * '++*5'(#$4 U(#!#( #& $! ' (e$,e$3 ( '
3e*('#$ e$, '$, "e*e (he e$, (('!! #$,#ffe*e$( ( .& "e
&h.!, fee! (he &'/e #$,#ffe*e$3e ("'*,& (he /e'$&4 I( #&
*e.#&#(e ' SENTIMENT &h.!, he*e ,#&+!' #(&e!f #$ *,e* (
%#e ' +*efe*e$3e ( (he .&ef.! '5e (he +e*$#3#.& (e$,e$3#e&4
Th#& SENTIMENT 3'$ 5e $ (he* (h'$ ' fee!#$% f* (he h'++#$e&&
f /'$6#$, '$, ' *e&e$(/e$( f (he#* /#&e* &#$3e (he&e '*e (he
,#ffe*e$( e$,& "h#3h #*(.e '$, #3e h'e ' (e$,e$3 ( +*/(e4
He*e (he*ef*e REASON #$&(*.3(& .& #$ (he &ee*'! (e$,e$3#e& f
'3(#$& '$, HUMANITY /'6e& ' ,#&(#$3(#$ #$ f'.* f (h&e
"h#3h '*e .&ef.! '$, 5e$ef#3#'!4
Th#& +'*(#(#$ 5e("ee$ (he f'3.!(#e& f .$,e*&('$,#$% '$,
&e$(#/e$( #$ '!! /*'! ,e3#&#$& &ee/& 3!e'* f*/ (he +*e3e,#$%
h+(he&#&4 B.( I &h'!! &.++&e (h'( h+(he&#& f'!&e< #( "#!!
(he$ 5e *e.#&#(e ( !6 .( f* &/e (he* (he* (h'( /' 5e
&'(#&f'3(* '$, I ,'*e e$(.*e ( 'ff#*/ (h'( $$e &.3h "#!!
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f!!"#$% 3$&#,e*'(#$&4
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Th#& #& +'*(#3.!'*! *e/'*6'5!e #$ (h'( +h#!&+h "h#3h
'&3*#5e& (he ,#&3e*$/e$( f '!! /*'! ,#&(#$3(#$& ( *e'&$
'!$e "#(h.( (he 3$3.**e$3e f &e$(#/e$(4 I( #& #/+&!e
(h'( #$ '$ +'*(#3.!'* #$&('$3e (h#& h+(he&#& 3'$ & /.3h '&
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%e$e*'! ,e3!'/'(#$& '$, ,#&3.*&e&4 E)'/#$e (he 3*#/e f
INGRATITUDE f* #$&('$3e "h#3h h'& +!'3e "he*ee* "e 5&e*e
%,-"#!! e)+*e&&e, '$, 6$"$ (%e(he* "#(h %,-ff#3e&
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#&&.e * 3$3!.&#$4
Re'&$ .,%e& e#(he* f MATTER OF FACT * f RELATIONS4 E$.#*e
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APPENDIX II4
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APPENDIX III4
SOME FARTHER CONSIDERATIONS ITH REGARD TO USTICE4
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APPENDIX IV4
OF SOME VERBAL DISPUTES4
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