David Granatstein, Nadine Lehrer WSU
Transcript of David Granatstein, Nadine Lehrer WSU
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Organic orchards: needs and prioritiesDavid Granatstein, Nadine Lehrer WSU Mark LaPierre, Wilbur-Ellis Co.
Wilbur-Ellis Organic Grower Meeting, Feb. 17, 2011, Prosser, WA
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The data presented here were collected via the Turning Point audience participation system during the February 17, 2011, Wilbur-Ellis organic grower meeting in Prosser, WA. About 47 people participated in the survey. A number of questions are the same as those used at other meetings and in other years to provide a look at changing conditions over time for organic tree fruit producers in Washington.
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Do you work with organic orchards?
No
Yes
85%
15%
1. No2. Yes
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Did you participate in this survey in December or January at another meeting ?
Yes No
71%
29%
1. Yes2. No
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How long have you been in organic orcharding?
Now in
tran
sit...
1-2 y
ears
3-5 y
ears
6-10
years
More
than 10
y...
I don’t w
ork w...
3%5%
8%
28%30%
28%
1. Now in transition2. 1-2 years3. 3-5 years4. 6-10 years5. More than 10
years6. I don’t work with
organic orchards
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What is your primary role in organic orcharding?
Owner
opera
tor M
anag
er
Consu
ltant (A
g chem
...
Res
earch
/exten
sion/.
..
Fruit s
ales/i
ndustry
... Other
39%
27%
5%0%
2%
27%
1. Owner operator2. Manager3. Consultant (Ag chem,
warehouse, private)4. Research/extension/
government5. Fruit sales/industry
support6. Other
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How many acres of organic orchard do you work with?
<5 acre
s 5-
10 ac
res 11
-50 ac
res
51-10
0 acr
es 10
1-500
acres
>500 a
cres
9%5% 7%
51%
12%16%
1. <5 acres2. 5-10 acres3. 11-50 acres4. 51-100 acres5. 101-500 acres6. >500 acres
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What are the 3 most serious problemsyou face in organic tree fruit production?
(rank from most to least)
New
varie
ties .
..
Inse
ct manag
em...
Dise
ase c
ontro...
Tree nutri
tion
Wee
d contro
l
Cro
p load
man
a...
Fruit q
uality
Economics
Post harve
st i...
3%
18% 18%
13%
1%
10%
5%
14%
18%
1. New varieties / rootstock2. Insect management3. Disease control4. Tree nutrition5. Weed control6. Crop load management7. Fruit quality8. Economics9. Post harvest issues
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How would you compare the cost ofproduction for organic tree fruit to similar conventional production?
1. 10
% or m
ore...
2. Sim
ilar
3. 10
% highe
r ...
4. 20
% highe
r ...
5. 30
% or m
ore...
3%
16%18%
42%
21%
1. 10% or more lower in organic
2. Similar3. 10% higher in organic4. 20% higher in organic5. 30% or more higher in
organic
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Do the returns from organic production offset the added costs of growing fruit organically?
1. N
ever
2. Some o
f the t
ime
3. M
ost o
f the t
ime
4. A
lway
s
3% 0%
18%
79%
1. Never2. Some of the time3. Most of the time4. Always
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If organic premiums did not cover the increased costs, how long would you be willing to stay with organic production, given the 3 year transition to re-enter?
Not
at al
l 1
more s
easo
n 2
more s
easo
ns 3
more s
easo
ns In
defin
itely
5%
38%
30%
5%
22%
1. Not at all2. 1 more season3. 2 more seasons4. 3 more seasons5. Indefinitely
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How would the loss of antibiotics for fire blight control impact your operation?
1. Littl
e or n
... 2.
Red
uce ac
re...
3. R
educe
acre.
.. 4.
Exit org
ani...
22% 22%
41%
16%
1. Little or no effect2. Reduce acres of
organic pears3. Reduce acres of
susceptible apple varieties
4. Exit organic apple and/or pear production
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Rank the 3 most difficult insect pest to control in organic apple production (with the worst first).
Rosy
apple
aph...
Stink b
ug M
ites
Woolly
apple
a...
Codlin
g moth
Thrips
Lygus b
ug Lea
f rolle
r
San Jose S
cale
Cutw
orms
19%
13%
3%
21%
0%
2%
4%4%5%
29%1. Rosy apple aphid2. Stink bug 3. Mites4. Woolly apple aphid5. Codling moth6. Thrips7. Lygus bug8. Leaf roller9. San Jose Scale10. Cutworms
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Do you think you can control Spotted Wing Drosophila in organic stone fruit and berries using organic methods?
Yes No
Don’t k
now
25%
58%
18%
1. Yes2. No3. Don’t know
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How do you think establishment of SWD will influence your future organic cherry
production?
No ch
ange
Will
increas
e ...
Will
decrea
se
Will
exit
Don’t k
now
22%
6%
47%
14%11%
1. No change2. Will increase
anyways3. Will decrease4. Will exit5. Don’t know
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How do you think establishment of SWD will influence your production of other organic
stone fruits and berries?
No ch
ange
Will
increas
e ...
Will
decrea
se
Will
exit
Don’t k
now
19%
6%
56%
6%13%
1. No change2. Will increase
anyways3. Will decrease4. Will exit5. Don’t know
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How has organic production impacted your fruit yields (e.g. bins/acre)?
1. N
o chan
ge 2.
~10 de
creas
...
3. ~20
% decre
a...
4. >20
% decre
a...
5. 10
% incre
as...
6. D
on’t know
12%
24%
14%12%
17%
21%1. No change2. ~10 decrease3. ~20% decrease4. >20% decrease5. 10% increase or
more6. Don’t know
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If you have experienced reduced yields, what are the main causes (rank in order
of most important first)?
1. A
ltern
ate b...
2. Small
er fru
... 3.
Inse
ct dam
a...
4. D
iseas
e dam
...
35%
13%17%
35%1. Alternate bearing2. Smaller fruit size3. Insect damage4. Disease damage
(e.g. fireblight, mildew)
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How has organic production impacted your fruit packout?
1. N
o chan
ge 2.
~10% dec
rea..
. 3.
~20% dec
rea..
. 4.
>20% dec
rea..
. 5.
10% in
creas
...
33%
44%
8%
0%
15%
1. No change2. ~10% decrease3. ~20% decrease4. >20% decrease5. 10% increase or
more
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If you have experienced reduced packout, what are the main causes (rank
in order of most important first)?
1. D
iseas
e, in...
2. Small
er fru
...
3. In
sect
dama..
.
4. Phys
iologic...
5. Poor
color
6. D
on’t kn
ow
22%25%
4%
9%
23%
17%
1. Disease, including storage rot
2. Smaller fruit size3. Insect damage4. Physiological
disorders (e.g. bitterpit)
5. Poor color6. Don’t know
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Does your warehouse provide you with information on the percent of your fruit
sold as organic?
Yes No
Not s
ure
57%
27%
16%
1. Yes2. No3. Not sure
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What are your main forms of N for soil application? (Choose up to 3, in order)
Feather
Meal
Fish
Composte
d chic
...
Composte
d stee
... B
lood Mea
l
Mint c
ompo
st O
ther
26%
14%
23%
2%2%
21%
11%
1. Feather Meal2. Fish3. Composted chicken
/ DPW4. Composted steer5. Blood Meal 6. Mint compost7. Other
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Do you use legumes in the orchard to provide some nitrogen nutrition?
No
Yes
25%
75%1. No2. Yes
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Have you used mulching for weed control / soil improvement?
No
Yes
49%
51%1. No2. Yes
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Do you use ‘mow and blow’ of the alley vegetation to mulch the tree row?
No
Yes
Am
cons
ider
ing
58%
24%18%
1. No2. Yes3. Am considering
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If you use mulching, do you experience increased vole or gopher problems due
to mulching?
Yes No
50%50%
1. Yes2. No
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How would you rate the severity of your vole and gopher problem in your
orchard?
No Pro
blem A
nnoying
Mode
rate p
robl.
..
Severe
Extrem
e
8%
33%
6%8%
44%
1. No Problem2. Annoying3. Moderate problem4. Severe5. Extreme
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Rate your ability to adequately control mice (voles) in your organic orchard.
Ver
y low Low
Mod
erat
e
High
Ver
y high
26%
32%
0%
6%
35%1. Very low2. Low3. Moderate4. High5. Very high
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How do you see your organic fruit production changing over the next five
years?
1. E
xpan
d acr.
..
2. D
ecrea
se ac
... 3.
Stay ab
out ...
4. Exit
organ
i... 5.
Exit al
l fr...
6. D
on’t kn
ow
21%
26%
0%3%
8%
44%1. Expand acres under organic management
2. Decrease acres of organic management
3. Stay about the same4. Exit organic
production5. Exit all fruit production6. Don’t know
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If decreasing organic production, choose (in order) the top 3 reasons why.
Econom
ics (lo
w... Low yi
elds
Can
’t con
trol ..
. Soil f
ertilit
y
Other
prod
ucti...
Reg
ulatio
ns, p..
. O
ther
37%
17%
12%
3%
19%
6%6%
1. Economics (low prices, hi costs, etc)
2. Low yields3. Can’t control pests4. Soil fertility5. Other production
problems6. Regulations,
paperwork7. Other
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Rank these organic-specific research needs for funding priority (top 3, in order):
Nitr
ogen fe
rti...
Voles / g
opher...
Spotted w
ing d...
Post ha
rvest
d... W
eeds
Fire blig
ht
11%10%
23%
19%
13%
24%1. Nitrogen fertility2. Voles / gopher
control3. Spotted wing
drosophila4. Post harvest
diseases5. Weeds6. Fire blight
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Thanks for Thanks for participating !participating !