Dating Egyptian Literary Texts: Lexical Approaches
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Dating Egyptian literary texts: lexical approaches
Simon D. SchweitzerBBAW, Altägyptisches Wörterbuch
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Concept of the life span
Timeline --------------------------------------------->Word 1 --------------------------------------Word 2 ---------------------------Word 3 -------------------------Word 4 ---------------------------Word 5 -----------------------
Text ********
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Merikare E 106-107: agsw
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Khakheperreseneb: qdf
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DZA & TLA
TLA
DZA
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Khakheperreseneb:life span of rare words
• Middle Kingdom – New Kingdom (or later): wjn, “to push aside; to reject”; vAbb, “crookedness”; sfn, “to afflict” � 3
• Only New Kingdom (or later): nkA, “to think about”; cpp, “strange”; snf, “last year”; qdf, “to gather” � 4
• Middle Kingdom stela & Admonitions: jrt.w, “distress” � 1
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Five problems
1. Significance2. Frequency3. Change4. Accident of preservation5. Transmission of text
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Sinuhe: nw� ym
B
AOS
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Ptahhotep § 117: kAU� nkA
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Khety: wtc#f wäA#f� wäA#f wäA#j
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pJuja,BD 10
pNebseni, BD 10
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Principles for a lexical dating method
• Use all words!• Note the frequency!• Neglect the life span!
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3 documents
• A: I am in the house. You are outside the house.
• B: This house is green.
• C: John eats the cake.
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Indexing
• A: I am in the house. You are outside the house.
• Index: I, be, in, the, house, you, outside
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General index
• I, be, in, the, house, you, outside, this, green, John, eat, cake
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Document vector
• I, be, in, the, house, you, outside, this, green, John, eat, cake
• (1|2|1|2|2|1|1|0|0|0|0|0)
• I am in the house. You are outside the house.
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Document vector
• I, be, in, the, house, you, outside, this, green, John, eat, cake
• (0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|1)
• Cake Cakes
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Distances between document vectors
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Hierarchical clustering
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Nile HymnEloquent
Peasant
Merikare
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Man for his Son: only
§§ 9ff.Man for his
Son: remaining
manuscripts
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Teaching&
Tale
Teaching&
Hymn
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Sinuhe
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Kemit
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Fishing, Amenemhat, Mythological Papyrus Moscow, Khakheperreseneb, Shipwrecked Sailor, Man and his Ba
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Merikare, Ptahhotep,
Eloquent Peasant
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Khety
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Juru, a Kemit manuscript, Ashmolean Wisdom, Middle
Kingdom tale of Horus and Seth, Hordjedef
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Khety, Man for his Son, pRamesseum II, Sasobek
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Loyalist Teaching
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Khety, Man for his Son, UC 32157, Hay, Neferkare
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Nile Hymn
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Man for his Son
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Loyalist Teaching
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Herdsman, Sporting
King
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Kagemni, DeM 1675, Ptahhotep C, Sinuhe L, Westcar,
Admonitions, Neferty
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Merikare, Ptahhotep,
Eloquent Peasant
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Ptahhotep, Merikare, Eloquent Peasant
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Ptahhotep, Merikare, Eloquent
Peasant, etc.
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Kagemni, DeM 1675, Ptahhotep C, Sinuhe L, Westcar,
Admonitions, Neferty
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Kagemni, Westcar, Admonitions, Neferty
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Westcar, Admonitions, Neferty
Kagemni, Ptahhotep C
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