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Transcript of Dates to Know: Test Correction Dates (below 75 only!): Today PM: @ 2:40PM Friday AM: 6:45-7:20AM...
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Dates to Know:Test Correction Dates (below 75 only!):
Today PM: @ 2:40PMFriday AM: 6:45-7:20AMFriday PM: @ 2:40PM
Tomorrow: Invisible Children extra credit due
Tuesday, 11/11: Latin America map quiz
Tentative Latin America Test: Wednesday, 11/19
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Physical Geography of Latin America
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The Three DivisionsGeographers divide Latin America into
three areas:Middle America: includes Mexico and
the 7 countries of Central AmericaSouth America: the largest land area of
Latin AmericaOf S. America’s 13 countries, Brazil is
the largest in land area and populationCaribbean (aka-West Indies): The
Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, and the Lesser Antilles
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Las Montañas y Las Mesetas (Mountains & Plateaus)
Profile: Towering mountains
Mountains begin in the Rocky Mountains of North America, name changes as you move south and cross bordersMexico: Sierra MadreCentral America: Central HighlandsSouth America: Andes
Rugged landscape because much of the area sits along the Pacific Ring of Fire, where plates among the earth’s crust have collided.
Collisions mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes changing landscape
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Pros & Cons of the Physical Geography
ProsLowland mountain areas = cooler climateRich natural resources: water, volcanic soil, timber,
minerals
ConsRuggedness blocks movement & tradeIsolation
Radio, TV, air transport work to break down physical barriers
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Mexican PlateauSurrounded by the two Sierra Madre
mountain ranges: Sierra Madre Occidental & Sierra Madre Oriental
Attractions: Low-latitude (mild climate)fertile volcanic soiladequate rainfall
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Central HighlandsSouth of the Mexican Plateau
Chain of volcanic mountains of Central America, includes many Caribbean islands
Islands are actually volcanic peaks above sea level
Some volcanoes still active, making living on those islands unsafe
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South American Grasslands
Llanos of Colombia, Pampas of ArgentinaPampas: a major “breadbasket”, produce large
amounts of wheat & corn
Provide wide grazing lands for beef cattle
Employ cowhands to drive herd across the grass/terrainLlaneros: LlanosGauchos: Pampas
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H2O (Water)Rio Grande: border between Mexico & the US
Amazon = world’s widest river (#2 longest) Is navigable!!
Parana, Paraguay, and Uruguay Rivers provide hydroelectric power, or electricity generated from the energy of waterArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and UruguayAlso provides inland water routes
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The Andes
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The Andes, Backbone of South America
The world’s longest mountain range
Made up of several mountain ranges, called cordilleras
Pass through seven countries, vary in landscapes
Grouped into three sections
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Tierra Caliente: Tropical!
Lowest elevation zoneSea level – 3,000 feet
Tropical climate, year-round warm temperatures (75-80 degrees)
Eastern slopes: Broadleaf Evergreen forests
Western slopes: tropical grasslands
Heat = difficult places to live
Crops: bananas, rice, sugarcane
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Tierra Templada: Land of Eternal Spring
3,000-6,000 feet above sea level
Mild, temperate climate with temperatures between 65 & 75 degrees yearly.
Vegetation changes with elevation Lower elevations: palms, bamboo, jungle vines Higher elevations: broadleaf evergreen forests
More populated, Mestizos (indigenous + European)
Lower levels: grow oranges & bananas
Higher levels: corn, beans, other veggies
Main commercial crop: COFFEE!!!
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Tierra FríaBetween 6,000 & 12,000 feet
Average temps: 55-65 degrees, colder at night (freezing at higher elevations)
Altiplano (11,000): Lake TiticacaWorld’s highest navigable lake (12,500 feet above
sea level)Navigable large & deep enough to hold large boatsHidden treasures!
Tree line—between 10,000 & 12,000 feet
Crops: potatoes, wheat, barley, corn, apples & pears
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Adaptations in the Tierra FriaBuild houses of stone or adobe brick (thicker)
Body adaptation: larger lungs
Farmers practice terracing to create flat lands on the slopes and steep hillsides of this area.
Vertical Trade: trade of farm products between the higher & lower elevation zonesPeople of lower elevations bring their crops to the
people of the higher elevations (low high)Bananas, oranges, tomatoes
Higher elevations bring to lower (High low)Potatoes, wheat
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Tierra Helada: Cold & Windy
Between 12,000 & 15,000 feet above sea level
20-55 degrees (F)
Snow line: elevation at which permanent snow & ice begin (upper Tierra Helada)
Shrubs & grasses
Crops: quinoa, potatoes
Llamas & alpacas provide wool for blankets, bags and clothing
Some people work in the mines, because there are many mineral deposits Tin, lead, copper, silver
Glaciers above snow line melt in summer, water into streams in lower elevations
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Climate Regions
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Tropical: Rain ForestHot temps, abundant
rainfall year-round
Most Rain: January - June
Evergreens form a dense canopy, or a continuous layer of leaves
Amazon Basin: many species of plants & animals
Location: S. America (Brazil, Amazon Basin)
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Tropical: Tropical SavannaLocations:
Southwestern MexicoMost Caribbean IslandsNorth-central South
America
Hot temps, abundant rainfall year-round
Difference? DRY SEASON
Grasslands (Colombia & Venezuela)
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Mid-Latitude: Humid Subtropics
Southeastern South America(Rio De Janeiro, Brazil,
Argentina, Uruguay)
Short & mild winters
Long, hot & humid summers with dry periods
Short grasses in the pampas
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Dry: Desert & Steppe Areas
Northern Mexico, coastal Peru and Chile, southeastern coast of Argentina
Very little rainfall in the desert
Atacama Desert: Chile So dry, some places in this
desert have never recorded any rainfall!!
Cacti, shrubs—not much vegetation
Steppes: N Mexico, NE Brazil, South Central South America Hot summers, cool winters,
light rainfall