What is DBMS? Explain defferent model of DBMS?

Vandana Pradhan & Vijay Thorat Tata Institute of social science, Deonar Mumbai- 400088 Date:- 26th February 2015

Prasentation Content Introduction to Database Management System

What is database

Examples of database application

What is DBMS

Work done by DBMS

Why Study DBMS

Types of Databases

Diffrent Types of Database Models

Conclusion

Introduction to Database Management System

What is Data?

Data means Facts and Figures that can be recorded in a system and have special meaning attached to it Example – In General

Author ISBN Publisher TitlePublished

Year

Krishan, Kumar

9780706986389Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd

Theory Of Classification 2008

Cont.......

As the need for data increased, We need to developed a computer based system for storing and managing data.

What is database

Database is an organized collection of data. Collection of related data items stored in one place Database acts like logical collection of relevant

data Database is designed for offer an organized

mechanism for the purpose of storing, managing, and retrieving information

The following are examples of database application

Computerized library systems

Automated teller machines

flight reservation systems

Banking and Finance

Telecommunication

Example of databases

Search Engines:- May be you don't realise it but you probably use a

database almost everyday of your life. You will no doubt be familiar

with using a search engine like google.

Library database:- A library stores detail of all their books in a database.

When you want to know if a book is in stock in OPAC you can enter

either title, auther, or ISBN number and search information about the

book. You can find out how many copies are stored not only by your

SDTML Library but also other tiss branch libraries. The database also

records details of all the borrowers. When they return their books the

librarian will be informed if they are overdue and whether there are any

fines outstanding.

What is DBMS DBMS is the collection of software for organizing the information in

a database that might contain routines of data input, verification, storage, retrival, and combination.

DBMS are applications that interact with user to others applications and database itself to capture and analyse data.

DBMS is a suit of computer software providing interface between user's and the database.

They are so closely related the term database when used casually often refers to both DBMS and the data its manipulates.

Cont.....

A database management system (DBMS) is system software for creating

and managing databases The DBMS provides users and programmers

with a systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data. A

DBMS makes it possible for end users to create, read, update and

delete data in a database. The DBMS essentially serves as an interface

between the database and end users or application programs ensuring

that data is consistently organized and remains easily accessible.

Work done by DBMS

The DBMS manages three important things: the data, the

database engine that allows data to be accessed, locked and

modified and the database schema which defines the database’s

logical structure. These three foundational elements help

provide concurrency, security, data integrity and uniform

administration Procedures.

Cont....

The DBMS is perhaps most useful for providing a centralized view of data that

can be accessed by multiple users, from multiple locations, in a controlled

manner. E.g (Exam Result)

A DBMS can limit what data the end user sees, as well as how that end user can

view the data, providing many views of a single database schema. End users

and software programs are free from having to understand where the data is

physically located or on what type of storage media it resides because the

DBMS handles all requests.

Why Study DBMS

Because now a days database is every where :-

Library Catalouge (OPAC)

Institutional Repositories / Digital Libraries

Library Management System (KOHA)

Example:- In General ( IRCTC Booking ) Journey Bombay to Delhi

Examples of DBMS :- 1) MySQL, PostgreSQL 2) Microsoft Access

3) SQL Serve 4) FileMaker

5) Oracle 6) RDBMS

Database Management System

Software which decide

Attributes of the data

Store House Of Data

Database Appication Software

User

DBMS

Database

Types of DatabasesBased on Content :-

Bibliographic database

Full text databas

Indexing and Abstracting

Based on Application (area) :-

Banking

Insurance

Health, Hospitals

Based on Mode of Access :-

Online databse (internet)

Offline database (intranet)

Mobile database

Diffrent Types of Database Models

Hierarchical Model

Network Model

Relational Model

Object Oriented Model

Hierarchical Model Data is Organized into a simple tree like structure

It was the first DBMS Model (1960's)

Data is Stored Hierarchically either in top down or bottom up

Data is repersented using parent child relationship

Each parent can have many childern but children have only one parent.

All attributes of specific records are listed under entity types

Entity type is nathing but a table

Each individual record is represented as a row

Each individual attributes is represented as a colums

Example

Name is Entity

Poonam is Attributes

Full Table is Record

Name Age Place Contact

Poonam 24 Aurangabad 7738988432

Aditi 23 Mumbai 9833082107

Vandana 22 Madhya Pradesh 9770116494

Advantages Of Hierarchical Model

Conceptual Simplicity Security: given by DBMS it self Simple Creation, Manipulation and accesss of data Good database integrity means data related in

proper manner Data independence Efficiency: Produces high performance databse

Disadvantages Of Hierarchical Model

Complex Implementation

Difficult to Manage

Lack of structural independence

Complex application programing

Limitations in Implementation

Network Model

Like hierachical model this uses pointers towards data

Allows each record to have multiple parent child

records

Not Neccessarily a downwords tree struture

Entities are organized in a graph in which some entities

can be accessed through several paths.

Advantages Of Network Model

Simple Design

Ability to Handle Many Relationship

Easy To data Access

Data Integerity (Current data, Specific, Fixed)

Data Independence:

- Application Programmes work independently of the data.

- Any Change mode to the data do not affect Application Programme.

Disadvantages Of Network Model

System Complexity

Lack of Structural Independece

Less Popular

Relational Model

First proposed by “Edgor Cod” (1969) Computer Scientist who invented relational model for database management.

It Simplifies the database structure (data represented) by the used of tables and colums.

RDBMS is a database management system based on relational model.

One of the most commonly used model.

Advantages of Relational Model

Relational Algebra: Relational database supports relational algebra and relational operations of the set theoty like Union, Intersection, Diffrence etc.

Dyanamic views: In relational database model, view is not past of physical schema it is always dyanamic.

Excellent data Security : Support the concept of users rights, meets security of databases.

Scaling up : Can be scated upto new hardware technology

Object Oriented Model Data Stored in the form of objects, the structure which are called

“Classes” that display data within it.

Defines database as a collection of objects that contains both data members values and operations that are allowed on the data.

Inter-relationship and constraints are implemented through objects and links.

Evolved to handke more complex applications such as database for scientific experiments, geographic information system, CAD (computer Aided Design).

The DBMS developed using this mode is called OODBMS.

Object model deal with data as higher level (with object surounding data).

Combine the capabilities of object oriented programming languag

( Example: C++, Java)

Advantages & Disadvantage of Object Oriented Model

Advantages :-Advantages :-

Provide a clear modular structure which is good for defining Abstract data types.

Model is easy to maintain and modify existing code as we can create new model with small change.

Disadvantages :-

Model is often provided through object oriented language such as (C++, Java).

Practically very complex and in applicable in many times.

Conclusion

A DBMS is a systematic operational system which consists of tools

making data, data saving and data manipulation an easier task. DBMS

is the majorly used through out the wold for data handling. Thus its a

good data manager till today. If some one ask you question How do we

protect data form crashes? Why to complicated?

The solution is to get A DBMS