Database Basics

Dr.B.Narendra Kumar Rao, Ph.D,Professor, Chairman BOS & HEAD,Department of CSSE,Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College,Tirupati.Andhra Pradesh

OVERVIEW

Organizational Data Cycle

Introduction to DBMS

Types of DBMS

Database Architectures

Operations on Databases

Top 10 Databases

Open Databases

Big Data

The Organizational Data Cycle

User Wisdom

Knowledge

InformationData

Actions

DIKW Hierarchy

What is a Database?

• According to Oxford English Dictionary:

“A structured collection of data held in computerstorage; esp. one that incorporates software tomake it accessible in a variety of ways”

FLAT FILE CHARACTERISTICS & FEATURES

• Store all data in one large table.

• Each line of the text holds one record.

• The first row in a flat file refers to the field name.

• The different fields in a record are separated by delimiters, such

as vertical bar “|” or a comma “,” or a semi-colon “;”.

• No folders or paths are used organize the data.

• Data stored in it are searchable by using keywords, phrases or

both.

Advantages

• Easier to setup and use.

• Consume less space.

• No special software or

hardware requirements.

• Often free or cheap.

Disadvantages

• Prone to data corruption or

duplication.

• Prone to error.

• Hard to update or modify.

• Poor access control.

• Cannot perform complex

process

FLAT FILE

TABLE

Database

Contd.

Database Management System(DBMS)

• A Specialized piece of software that sits between the data and its users.

Database

Management

System

Data

Database Management Systems

• A database management system (DBMS) is asoftware that allows a computer to Manage,perform database functions of storing,retrieving, adding, deleting and modifyingdata.

DBMS Functions and Users

• Four major uses of a DBMS package

– Database Development

– Querying

– Maintenance

– Application Development

• Database users

– Database administrators ( DBAs )

– Database designer

– End Users

BANKING : For customer information,

accounts, payments, deposits, loans and

banking transactions.

AIRLINES : For reservations and schedule

information. Airlines were among the first

to use databases in a geographically

distributed manner. Terminals situated

around the world accessed through the

central database system.

UNIVERSITIES : For student information,

course registrations, colleges and grades.

APPLICATIONS OF DBMS

TELECOMMUNICATION: For keeping

records of calls made, generating monthly

bills, maintaining balances and storing

information about the communication

networks.

FINANCE: For storing information about

holdings, sales, and purchases of financial

instruments such as stocks and bonds.

SALES: For storing customer, product &

sales information.

Contd.

MANUFACTURING: For management of

supply chain and for tracking production of

items in factories, inventories of items in

warehouses / stores, and orders for items.

HUMAN RESOURCES: For information

about employees, salaries, payroll taxes

and benefits, and for generation of

paychecks.

Contd.

Types of DBMS

• Hierarchical database

• Network database

• Relational database

• Object-Oriented database

• Type of database where data are organized in a tree structure that links a number of different elements to one "parent," primary record.

Hierarchical DBMS

Tree structure in the Network models can have a

many parent to many child relational model.

The Network model structure is based on records

and sets and most of these databases use SQL for

manipulation of their data.

Network database management systems tend to

be very flexible but are rarely used and were very

quite common in the1960s and 1970s.

Network DBMS

Network DBMS

• More advanced and efficient type of database which can store very large amount of data in a set of tables that are linked together.

Relational DBMS

Object-oriented DBMS borrow from the model of

the Object-oriented programming paradigm.

In this database model, the Object and its data or

attributes are seen as one and accessed through

pointers rather than stored in relational table models.

Object-oriented programming languages thereby almost

making the data and the program operate as one. There

is little commercial implementation of this database

model as it is still developing.

Object Oriented DBMS

Object Oriented DBMS

Database Architectures

• Centralized Database Systems

• Client/Server Database Systems

• Distributed Database Systems

Centralized Database Systems

Database

Client/Server Database Systems

DatabaseServer

Client

Client

Distributed Database Systems

DatabaseServer

DatabaseServer

DatabaseServer

Operations on a Database

• Tables can be related one another

• Operations on a table:

– Creating a table with given structure(Schema)

– Insert a record (row)

– Delete a record

– Update a record

– Querying

1. Oracle RDBMS

2. IBM DB2 /DB4

3. Microsoft SQL Server

4. SAP Sybase ASE

5. Teradata

6. ADABAS

7. MySQL

8. FileMaker

9. Microsoft Access

10. Informix

Top 10 DBMS Software

Open Data

• Open data is the idea that some data should be freely available to everyone to use and republish as they wish, without restrictions from copyright, patents or other mechanisms of control.

Content of Open Data

• Open data may include non-textual material such as maps, genomes, chemical compounds, mathematical and scientific formulae, medical data and practice, bioscience and biodiversity.

Open Data Sources

• Science– The Dataverse Network Project – archival repository software promoting data sharing,

persistent data citation, and reproducible research

– data.uni-muenster.de – Open data about scientific artifacts from University of Muenster, Germany. Launched in 2011.

– linkedscience.org/data – Open scientific datasets encoded as Linked Data. Launched in 2011.

• Government– Open Data in Canada.

– Data.gov in US

– EU Open Data Portal which gives access to open data from the EU institutions, agencies and other bodies

– Data.gov.in of India

data.gov.in

US: https://www.data.gov/

Big Data

• Big data is a term for data sets that are so large or complex that traditional data processing application software is inadequate to deal with them.

Challenges

• Capture• Storage• Analysis• Data Curation• Search• Sharing• Transfer• Visualization• Querying• Updating and information privacy.

Applications

• Government

• Cyber-physical models

• Healthcare

• Media

• Internet of Things

• Thank You