Database as a Service on the Oracle Database Appliance Platform
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Database as a Service on the Oracle Database Appliance Platform
MARC FIELDING
MARIS ELSINS
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© 2014 Pythian Confidential
Marc Fielding
2
• Principal consultant with Pythian’s Advanced Technology Consulting Group
• 13+ years Oracle production systems experience starting with Oracle 7
• Expertise in the entire enterprise application stack
• Blogger and conference presenter www.pythian.com/news/author/fielding
• Occasionally on twitter: @mfild
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Lead Database Consultant at Pythian Located in Riga, Latvia
DBA since 2005 Frequent speaker at conferences
@MarisElsins [email protected]
© 2014 Pythian Confidential
Maris Elsins
3
http://bit.ly/getMOSPatch
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WHO IS PYTHIAN?
• 200+ leading brands trust us to keep their systems fast, up & secure • Utterly elite DBA & SysAdmin workforce, 9 Oracle ACEs, 2 ACE
directors, 5 Microsoft MVPs, 1 Cloudera Champion of Big Data • Oracle, SQL Server, MySQL, Netezza, Cassandra, Hadoop and
MongoDB plus UNIX SysAdmin and Apps DBA • Big Data Services counter includes architects, R&D, data science
and operations capabilities in one easy to buy vehicle • Industry leading DevOps implementation practice transforms
customer dev and ops strategies to compete with velocity • Zero lock-in, utility billing model, easily blended into existing teams
38% Pythian has grown an average of 38% every year for
the past five years
345 Pythian employs more than 345 leading minds in
26 countries worldwide.
1997 Pythian was founded in 1997 by Paul Vallee
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Velocity
Velocity
https://www.flickr.com/photos/fun_flying/2761918512/
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Identifying top IT performers • Company Survey
• 14 000 companies surveyed
• 110 countries
• Completed 2014
• 40% running 500+ servers
• Source: Nicole Forsgren Velasquez, Jez Humble, Nigel Kersten, and Gene Kim, Velocity conference, Santa Clara, June 26, 2014
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Top IT performers…
• Deploy changes 30x more often
• Have 8000x faster change deployments
• Experience half the deployment failure rate
• Recover from failures 12x faster
• But also
– Twice as likely to exceed profitability, market share, productivity goals
– 50% higher market capitalization growth
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Source: John Jenkins, Amazon.com, Velocity conference 2011
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What we need
• Fast, frequent environment builds
• Similar to production
• Without sacrificing – Availability
– Reliability
– Security
– Manageability
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Tools Available
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Why ODA is interesting?
• Oracle Engineered systems
• Single point of support
• No single point of failure
• Built for Oracle RAC
• Relatively low cost
– 60K USD list price for an ODA
– 40K USD list price for storage expansion
– Provides capacity-on-demand Licensing
• Scalable by purchasing multiple units
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Is ODA suitable for DBaaS?
Photo by Lee Morley (spookman01) on Flickr Photo by Darren Rogers (Daz) on Flickr
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Is DBaaS possible on ODA? – Hardware
ODA ODA X3-2 ODA X4-2
CPU cores 2 x 12 cores 3.06 GHz
2 x 16 cores 2.9 GHz
2 x 24 cores2.7 GHz
RAM 2 x 96 GB 2 x 256 GB 2 x 256 GB Shared Storage HDD
(raw) 12 TB
4.8G TB* 18 TB (36TB)
7.2G TB* 18 TB (36TB)
7.2G TB*
Shared Storage SSD (raw) 292 GB 800 GB (1.6 TB) 800 GB (1.6 TB)
ODA provides the HW suitable for a small-medium private cloud platform
ODA V1 ODA X3-2 and X4-2
* Max Useable in +DATA
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Is DBaaS possible on ODA? – Software
• Oracle Appliance Kit (OAK) 12.1.2.1.0 (Nov 2014) – Grid Infrastructure 12.1.0.2
– Database EE 12.1.0.2
– EE options: RAC, Multitenant, In-Memory, ...
– ACFS and Storage snapshots
– Oracle Linux 5.10 and Oracle VM 3.2.8
ODA provides the technology backbone required for implementation of DBaaS
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Is DBaaS possible on ODA? – Tools • “oakcli” – Oracle Appliance Kit Command Line
Interface – Deploy software to ODA – Patch all components of ODA – Manage ODA configuration – Collect diagnostics information – Create DBs – Clone DBs (non-CDBs only) – *Manage CPU pools – *Create and (snap-)Clone VMs – *Manage vdisks and vlans
“oakcli” has been developed to provide “as a Service” management functionality
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Is ODA suitable for DBaaS?
Hardware
Software
Tools
?
Is ODA an “out of the box”
private could platform for DBaaS
Photo by yourcottoncandyhammer (dracena) on Flickr
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My wishes DBaaS on ODA • Scope: Bare Metal or Virtualized platform • Choice of DB version: 12c or 11g • Choice of DB type: non-CDB or CDB • Fast / snapshot based provisioning of:
– A new DB (or a PDB) – A clone from existing DB (or a PDB)
• Production • Development gold image
• Using the rich features of EM 12c + Cloud Management Pack – The self-service – The service catalog – Monitoring – Chargeback (optional)
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Challenges
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Challenge #0
OAK 12.1.2 is a “big jump” since OAK 2.10
Release date: November 2014
MOS: Doc Id 888888.1
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Challenge #1: The EM
• EM 12c is not ODA-aware – ODA is just a cluster of 2 servers to EM 12c
– no EM 12c plugin for ODA (yet)
– EM 12c can’t make calls to “oakcli”
– EM 12c does not provide snap-clone feature for PDBs on ACFS (even with Cloud MP)
– Rumors from #DOAG 2014!
• How do we implement self-service functionality?
• Can we find an alternative to EM 12c?
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Challenge #2: Interaction with “oakcli”
• “oakcli” must be executed as root
• Passwords need to be typed in
• No Non-interactive mode
• Can we “hack” it to automate the DB provisioning?
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Challenge #3: Customizations • We can “hack” it! But, we don’t want to “hack” it! • Customization is a configuration that’s not expected by
“oakcli” • Unclear boundaries between customizations and
supported configurations when manual changes are done (non-”oakcli”) are done. I.e. – Create database manually (files layout) – Create additional ACFS snapshots – Change the DB file layout
• Possible impact? – patching and upgrades – stability
• Any “customization” needs to be thoroughly tested before allowing into production (test upgrading too)
• Can affect the supportability
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Challenges #4: DB provisioning with “oakcli” • ODA provisions new databases using “oakcli” • Very limited configurability, i.e.
– Non-CDB or CDB 11.2.0.2+ and 12.1.0.2 – Choice of size (memory-wise) – Storage quota
• All non-CDBs are stored in common ACFS volumes – Smart use of the “empty snapshot” to segregate DBs
• Each CDB is stored it’s own 3 ACFS volumes • All CDB data files are in a single ACFS volume
– All PDBs are in the same bucket – Snap-cloning a PDB manually, will take a snapshot of the
whole ACFS volume, which is not efficient. – You can create additional ACFS volume for each PDB to
avoid unnecessary snapshots of CDB$ROOT
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Challenges #5: “oakcli” snap-clones
• Only for DB 11.2.0.4 and 12.1.0.2
• Not supported for Physical standby (yet)
• Could be used to snap-clone PROD to DEV on another ODA
• Non-CDBs
– Done by “oakcli”
– Clever use of ACFS snapshots
• CDBs
– No “oakcli” support, but SQLPlus can be used
– Inefficient ACFS layout
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So we can’t use ODA for DBaaS?
Photo by zeitfaenger.at (kwarz) on Flickr
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What we can do on ODA NOW! • Schema as a Service • Limited self service possibilities with non-CDBs
– Provisioning features provided by “oakcli” – Administrators need to be involved
• ODA is not ready for DBaaS with PDBs – Limited support built in “oakcli” – Database 12c features compensates for these limitations – Adjust storage layout to support snap-clones for PDBs
better – One CDB per ODA (if possible) to avoid restarts for memory
re-configuration
• Self-Service – EM 12c - not yet – Custom built? – Too difficult, too intrusive – Multitenant Self-Service Provisioning (MSSP)
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Using MSSP with ODA • “Multitenant Self-Service Provisioning”
• Currently in beta test
• Run on Apex inside CDB$ROOT
• Install into a new CDB
• Provides self-service interface for creating, cloning, plugging and unplugging PDBs
• Supports snapshot cloning!
• Supports user quotas!
• No DB management and monitoring L
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MSSP: Creating a PDB
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MSSP: Creating a PDB
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MSSP: Creating a PDB
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MSSP: Creating a PDB
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MSSP: Creating a PDB
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MSSP: Cloning a PDB
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MSSP: Cloning a PDB
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MSSP: Cloning a PDB
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Extending to multiple ODAs • Benefits
– Standardized platform – Avoiding “surprises” during configuration, patching and
upgrades – Predictable performance and accurate estimates
• Single database is limited to running on 1 ODA – Use Data Guard or other replication solutions to extend or
migrate between ODAs – Use NFS to facilitate inter-ODA provisioning
• Self-service challenge – Managing multiple ODAs from the same tool – One MSSP instance needed per ODA
• Some manual tasks are expected • Horizontal scaling is not possible – buy an Exadata!
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A possible use case (1) 1. PROD runs on 12c Multitenant
2. Automated snap-clone create pluggable database PRODSNAP from PROD snapshot copy;
3. PRODSNAP is read-only
4. Automated PDB cloning over DB link create pluggable database DEVGOLD from PRODSNAP@PROD_ODA_PS;
5. Prepare the DEV Gold image – Purging and cleanup
– Data masking
– Open it as read only
– Remove PRODSNAP
6. Users can clone their environments from the DEV Gold using MSSP.
Frequent refreshing of DEVGOLD will exhaust space quickly. Use dedicated
volume for each clone.
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A possible use case (2) 1. PROD runs on 12c Singletenant or multitenant!!! 2. DG redo apply to the physical standby3. The standby is continuously updated
4. Storage snapshot – Temporarily stop redo apply
– Sharing the ACFS volume between 2 DBs
– Possible with manual ACFS snapshot
5. Create the DEVGOLD – DBMS_PDB.RECOVER
– Plugin the PDB with nocopy
– Purging and cleanup
– Data masking
– Open it as read only
6. Users can clone their environments from the DEVGOLD
– Does it work “create pluggable … snapshot copy”?
– Works with manual snapshots
Frequent refreshing of DEVGOLD is possible!
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Recommendations and lessons learned
• Start small
• Set expectations for the service levels
• Review tools included with the platform
• Plan the Storage carefully
– Multiple DB vs ACFS storage snapshots
– With storage cloning, high-volume data changes are expensive
• Controls and resource management are important
• Many out-of-the box tools are inflexible
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Conclusions about DBaaS on ODA • Sufficient SW and HW • The tools are not ready yet • Limited DBaaS capabilities at the moment
– “oakcli” for non-CDB
– “Create pluggable database .. snapshot copy” SQL for PDBs
– No ready built Self-service
• Oracle is working on improvements – EM 12c Plugin for ODA
– Support for snap-clones from Physical Standby
– Frequent OAK releases = new features
• Flexible VM provisioning on the virtualized platform gives hope for more flexibility around DBs in future.
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[email protected] [email protected]
@mfild @MarisElsins @Pythian
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