Data Visualization: Supplementary slides · 2018. 5. 10. · Tufte’s Design Principles Clear,...
Transcript of Data Visualization: Supplementary slides · 2018. 5. 10. · Tufte’s Design Principles Clear,...
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Data Visualization:
Supplementary
slides
Sungkyu Jung
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Statistical Graph Types
http://xkcd.com/523/
Based on material created by Hanspeter Pfister and Marc Streit
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http://extremepresentation.typepad.com/blog/files/choosing_a_good_chart.pdf
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Comparisons
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Bar Chart
http://nbviewer.ipython.org/gist/olgabot/5357268
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Direction
Nicolas Rapp
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Line Charts
matplotlib gallery
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Linear vs. Logarithmic Scale
Linear Scale
Log Scale
http://finance.yahoo.com/echarts?s=AAPLApple Stock Price
http://xkcd.com/1162/
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Bars vs. LinesLines imply connections - do not use for categorical data
Zacks 1999
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Aspect Ratios
eagereyes.org
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Correlations
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Scatterplots
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No Border
Scatterplots
Black BorderLight Grey Border
http://nbviewer.ipython.org/5357268
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Overplotting
alpha = 1/100
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Trend Lines
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Don‘t
matplot3d tutorial
fare
age
class
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Compositions
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Pie vs. Bar Charts
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Stacked Bar Chart
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Stacked Bar Chart
vs.
VizWiz Blog
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Comparison of bar chart types
Small
Multiples
Stacked bar chartPie Chart
Layered
Bar
Chart
Grouped
Bar
Chart
Streit & Gehlenborg, PoV, Nature Methods, 2014
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Stacked Area Chart
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2225995/how-can-i-create-stacked-line-graph-with-matplotlib
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100% Stacked Area Chart
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/16875546/create-a-100-stacked-area-chart-with-matplotlib
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Stacked Area vs.Line Graphs
leancrew.com &
Practically Efficient
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Distributions
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10 Bins
20 Bins
age
age
Histogram# passengers
# passengers
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Density Plots
http://web.stanford.edu/~mwaskom/software/seaborn/tutorial/plotting_distributions.html
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Heat Maps
2D Density Plots
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Box Plotsaka Box-and-Whisker Plot
Wikipedia
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Comparison
Streit & Gehlenborg, PoV, Nature Methods, 2014
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Spatial visualization
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Minard’s Map Napoleon’s March on Moscow
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Wikimedia Commons
Detect the expected – discover the unexpected
John Snow (1813 – 1858)
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EffectiveVisualizations
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Not Effective...
Sources:USTreasury andWHO reports
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Also not effective...
Source:Nature
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EdwardTufte
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Scale Distortions
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GlobalWarming?
The Daily Mail, UK,Jan 2012
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GlobalWarming?
Mother Jones
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GlobalWarming!
Mother Jones
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Lying with Scales
Uniform scale in both x and y
Ward, Grinstein, Keim, 2011
Larger scale in y
Larger scale in x Larger scale in x and y
Same data - different scales
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Scales are critical!
What are your bounds – upper and lower?
What scale works?
Linear? Log? Clipping? Breaks?
Relative or absolute values?
How can you make things comparable?
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The Lie Factor
Tufte,VDQI
Size of effect shown in graphic
Size of effect in data
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0%
10%
20%
30%
RIM Other Apple Palm Motorola Nokia
7,4
3,1
9,8
19,521,2
40%
39,0
U.S. SmartPhone Marketshare
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Maximize Data-Ink Ratio
0-$24,999 $25,000+ 0-$24,999 $25,000+
Data ink
Total ink used in graphicData-Ink Ratio =
EdwardTufte
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Maximize Data-Ink Ratio
0
175
350
525
700
Males Females
0-$24,999 $25,000+ 0-$24,999 $25,000+
Data ink
Total ink used in graphicData-Ink Ratio =
EdwardTufte
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What do colors mean?
Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng. 2014 Mar 21; 9034: 90342L.Published online 2014 Feb 15. doi: 10.1117/12.2042720
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Don’t Use 3D
matplotlib gallery
Excel Charts Blog
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3D Bar Plot
Gehlenborg & Wong, PoV, Nature Methods, 2012
Which one is the tallest bar? What is the pattern in the data?
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Exception: 3D Phenomena
Gehlenborg & Wong, PoV, Nature Methods, 2012
Depth cues enable us to perceive 2D images as 3D objects
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Exception: 3D Phenomena
Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng. 2014 Mar 21; 9034: 90342L.Published online 2014 Feb 15. doi: 10.1117/12.2042720
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Avoid Chart Junk
ongoing,Tim Brey
Extraneous visual elements that distract from the message
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Extraneous visual elements that distract from the message
ongoing,Tim Brey
Avoid Chart Junk
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Extraneous visual elements that distract from the message
ongoing,Tim Brey
Avoid Chart Junk
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Extraneous visual elements that distract from the message
ongoing,Tim Brey
Avoid Chart Junk
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Extraneous visual elements that distract from the message
ongoing,Tim Brey
Avoid Chart Junk
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Extraneous visual elements that distract from the message
ongoing,Tim Brey
Avoid Chart Junk
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Tufte’s Design Principles
Clear, detailed,and thorough labeling and appropriate scales
Size of the graphic effect should be directly proportional to the numerical quantities (“lie factor”)
Maximize data-ink ratio
Avoid chart junk
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Visualization Critique
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Death to Pie Charts
Cole Nussbaumerwww.storytellingwithdata.com/2011/07/death-to-pie-charts.html
“I hate pie charts.
I mean,really hate them.”
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Redesign
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Harvard’sTroubles
Junk Charts
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Redesign 1
Junk Charts
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Redesign II
Junk Charts
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Redesign III
Junk Charts