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Chapter 4

Standard Template Library (STL)

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Chapter Objectives

• Learn about the Standard Template Library (STL)

• Become familiar with the three basic components of the STL: containers, iterators, and algorithms

• Explore how vector and deque containers are used to manipulate data in a program

• Discover the use of iterators

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Components of the STL

• Containers

• Iterators

• Algorithms

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Container Types

• Sequence containers (sequential containers)

• Associative containers

• Container adapters

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Sequence Containers

• Vector

• Deque

• list

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Ways to Declare and Initialize a Vector Container

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Operations to Access the Elements of a Vector Container

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Operations on a Vector Container

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Functions to Determine the Size of a Vector Container

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Member Functions Common to All Containers

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Member Functions Common to All Containers

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Member Functions Common to All Sequence Containers

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Prototype of function template copy

template<class inputIterator, class outputIterator>

outputItr copy(inputIterator first1, inputIterator last,

outputIterator first2);

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Sequence Container: deque

• Deque: double-ended queue

• Implemented as dynamic arrays– Elements can be inserted at both ends

• To use deque container in a program include statement:

#include <deque>

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Ways to Declare a deq Object

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Operations that Can Be Performed on a deq Object

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Types of Iteration

• Input Iterators

• Output Iterators

• Forward Iterators

• Bidirectional Iterators

• Random Access Iterators

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Operations on an Input Iterator

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Operations on an Output Iterator

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Operations on a Forward Iterator

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Operations on a Bidirectional Iterator

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Operations on a Random Access Iterator

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Iterator Hierarchy

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typedefs Common to All Containers

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istream_iterator

• Used to input data into a program from an input stream

• General syntax:istream_iterator<Type> isIdentifier(istream&);

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ostream_iterator

• Contains the definition of an output stream iterator

• General syntax:

ostream_iterator<Type> osIdentifier(ostream&);

or

ostream_iterator<Type> osIdentifier(ostream&, char* deLimit);

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Programming Example: Grade Report (Input)

A sample input file follows:

345Lisa Miller 890238 Y 4 Mathematics MTH345 4 APhysics PHY357 3 BComputerSci CSC478 3 BHistory HIS356 3 A...

Input A file containing the data in the form shown previously. Assume the name of the input file is ch4_GradeData.txt and is on floppy disk A.

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Programming Example: Grade Report (Output)

The desired output for each student is of the following form:

Student Name: Lisa MillerStudent ID: 890238Number of courses enrolled: 4

Course No Course Name Credits Grade CSC478 ComputerSci 3 BHIS356 History 3 AMTH345 Mathematics 4 APHY357 Physics 3 B

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Programming Example: Grade Report

• Course Component– Set the course information– Print the course information– Show the credit hours– Show the course number– Show the grade

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UML Diagram of the class courseType

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Programming Example: Grade Report

• Student Component– Set the student information

– Print the student information

– Calculate the number of credit hours taken

– Calculate the GPA

– Calculate the billing amount

– Because the grade report will print the courses in ascending order, sort the courses according to the course number

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UML Diagram of the class studentType and the Inheritance

Hierarchy

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Programming Example: Grade Report (Main Algorithm)

• Declare the variables• Open the input file• If the input file does not exist, exit the program• Open the output file• Get the tuition rate• Load the students’ data• Print the grade reports

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Chapter Summary

• Components of the STL

• Types of Containers

• Operations on Containers

• Sequence Containers– Deque– Vector

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Chapter Summary

• Iterators

• Types of iteration

• Operations on iterators

• Programming example