Data Structure C++ Programming

1Data Structure – C++ Programming

Data Structure

C++ Programming

Dr Patrick Chan

School of Computer Science and Engineering

South China University of Technology


First Program in C++

� Start Microsoft Visual Studio

� File > Win32 Application (Project)

� Input the project name

� File > C++ Source

� Input the file name

� Type the program

� Build > Run

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

cout<<"My name is XXX \n";

cout<< "My id is XXX \n";

return 0;

}

#include <iostream>


int main()

{

cout<<"My name is XXX \n";

cout<< "My id is XXX \n";

return 0;

}

Use the library

Main problem


Declare a variable

� Declare a variable

� Assign a value

� Declare and assign a value at the same time

int age;int age;

age = 18;age = 18;

float age = 18;float age = 18;


Correct Variable Name

� Determine if the following identifiers are valid or not.

� _option □ valid □ invalid

� salesAmount □ valid □ invalid

� amount □ valid □ invalid

� $salesAmount □ valid □ invalid

� sales_amount □ valid □ invalid

� A3 □ valid □ invalid

� tax-rate □ valid □ invalid

� float □ valid □ invalid

� Case Sensitive!!

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√


Input and Output

� Output

� Input

cin>>age;cin>>age;

cout<< "I am "<<"Peter.";cout<< "I am "<<"Peter.";

iostream


Operators

� int a = 2;

� int b = 5;

� cout << a + b;

� cout << a - b;

� cout << a * b;

� cout << a / b;

� cout << a % b;

� a += b;

� a -= b;

� a *= b;

� a /= b;

� a %= b;


Operators

� a++, ++a, a--, --a

� a=10;

b = ++a*5;

� a=10;

c = a++*5;


Exercise

� Write a program which accepts the number of

seconds and converts it into corresponding minutes and seconds.

Input the number of seconds: 1232 minutes 3 seconds

Hint: Use the operators / and %.Hint: Use the operators / and %.


Exercise - Answer

#include <iostream>

using namespce std;

int main()

{

return 0;

}

#include <iostream>

using namespce std;

int main()

{

return 0;

}


Condition

� int a = 1;

� int b = 2;

� a == 1

� a >= b

� b != a

� (a>b) || (a==1)

� (a<b) && (b==1)

� (a==1) || (a<b) && (b==1)

� (a==1) || ( (a<b) && (b==1) )

� !(a==1) || ( (a<b) && (b==1) )

True

False

True

True

False

False

True

False


if statement

� if (condition)

one statement

� if (condition)

one statement

else

one statement

� if (condition)

{

statements

}

else

{

statements

}


Nested if statements

� if (condition1)if (condition2)

one statement

� if (condition1)&&(condition2)one statement

� if (condition1)one statement

elseif (condition2)

one statement


Exercise

� If x=7 and y=9, what will be printed on the screen

after executing the following code?

if (x==1)

if (y==2)

cout<<x;

else

cout<<y;

cout<<(x+y);

if (x==1)

if (y==2)

cout<<x;

else

cout<<y;

cout<<(x+y);

if (x==1)

{

if (y==2)

cout<<x;

else

cout<<y;

}

cout<<(x+y);

if (x==1)

{

if (y==2)

cout<<x;

else

cout<<y;

}

cout<<(x+y);


Exercise

� If originally x=0, y=2, and z=1, what will be printed

on the screen by executing the following program fragment?

if (x <= 0 && y < z)

cout<<"x is not positive\n";

cout<<"y and z\n";

if (z == 1)

cout<<"z is 1\n";

if (x <= 0 && y < z)

cout<<"x is not positive\n";

cout<<"y and z\n";

if (z == 1)

cout<<"z is 1\n";


switch – case statement

� switch (variable) {

case value:

statements

break;

case value:

statements

break;

…

default:

statements

}

� switch (examGrade) {

case "A":

cout << "good";

break;

case "B":

cout << "ok";

break;

default:

cout << "bad";

}


Exercise

� For each different value of n as shown

on the right, what will be printed by the program fragment below?

switch (n) {

case 1: cout << "abc";

break;

case 2: cout << "def";

case 3: cout << "jkl";

break;

case 4: cout << "mno";

default: cout << "hello";

}

switch (n) {

case 1: cout << "abc";

break;

case 2: cout << "def";

case 3: cout << "jkl";

break;

case 4: cout << "mno";

default: cout << "hello";

}

� n = 1

� n = 2

� n = 3

� n = 4

� n = 0


Exercise

� Write a program that calculates the parking charge based on the following rates:

� car (type ‘c’) $12 per hour

� bus (type ‘b’) $25 per hour

� truck (type ‘t’) $45 per hour

Vehicle type? cNumber of hours? 3Charge = $36

Vehicle type? cNumber of hours? 3Charge = $36

Vehicle type? kInvalid type

Vehicle type? kInvalid type


#include <stdio.h>#include <iostream>using namespace std;

int main(){

return 0;}

#include <stdio.h>#include <iostream>using namespace std;

int main(){

return 0;}


while Loop

� while (condition)

statement

age=0;

while (age < 10)

{

cout << age;

age++;

}

age=0;

while (age < 10)

{

cout << age;

age++;

}

c=0;

while (c <= 5) {

product *= c;

++c;

}

c=0;

while (c <= 5) {

product *= c;

++c;

}


do-while Loop

� do {

statements

} while (condition)

� Execute at least one time

c=0;

do {

product *= c;

++c;

} while (c <= 5)

c=0;

do {

product *= c;

++c;

} while (c <= 5)

age=0;

do {

cout << age;

age++;

} while (age < 10)

age=0;

do {

cout << age;

age++;

} while (age < 10)


for Loop

� for (initial; condition; statement)

statement

for (c = 0; c <= 5; c++)

product *= c;

for (c = 0; c <= 5; c++)

product *= c;


Exercise

� Write a for statement that prints the following

sequence of values:

6 8 10 12 14 16

for ( ; ; )

cout<<i;

for ( ; ; )

cout<<i;


Exercise

� Write a program to print the following sequence of

values

12111098

12111098

11111222223333344444

11111222223333344444

Num? 71 2 3 4 5 6 71 2 3 4 5 61 2 3 4 51 2 3 41 2 3 1 21

Num? 71 2 3 4 5 6 71 2 3 4 5 61 2 3 4 51 2 3 41 2 3 1 21


12111098

12111098

11111222223333344444

11111222223333344444

Num? 71 2 3 4 5 6 71 2 3 4 5 61 2 3 4 51 2 3 41 2 3 1 21

Num? 71 2 3 4 5 6 71 2 3 4 5 61 2 3 4 51 2 3 41 2 3 1 21


Array

� 1 dimensional array

� 2 dimensional array

� n dimensional array

� Assign a value to an element of array

int a[10];int a[10];

a[6] = 97;a[6] = 97;

int b[5][10];int b[5][10];

int c[5][2]…[10];int c[5][2]…[10];

0 .. 9

b[2][3] = 97;b[2][3] = 97;


Array

� Initialize the array to store the data values:

5, 9, -1, 4, 0

� What is the value of list[1]?

int list[] = { 5, 9, -1, 4, 0 };int list[] = { 5, 9, -1, 4, 0 };

9


Exercise

� What is the output of the following program?

#include <iostream>


int main()

{

int list[10] = {2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 2};

cout<<list[2];

coun<<list[ list[2] ];

cout<<list[ list[2] + list[3] ];

return 0;

}

#include <iostream>


int main()

{

int list[10] = {2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 2};

cout<<list[2];

coun<<list[ list[2] ];

cout<<list[ list[2] + list[3] ];

return 0;

}


Exercise

� You are given the following array declaration:

int list [] = {4, 5, 1, 9};

Write some program statements to add the values of the array and store the sum into the variable sum.

int sum=0;

for (i=0; i<4; i++)

sum += list[i];

int sum=0;

for (i=0; i<4; i++)

sum += list[i];


Exercise

� Write a program:

Input 5 integers: 9 2 5 8 12Input an integer: 5The position is 3

Input 5 integers: 9 2 5 8 12Input an integer: 3Cannot Find

Input 5 integers: 9 2 5 8 12Input an integer: 5The position is 3

Input 5 integers: 9 2 5 8 12Input an integer: 3Cannot Find

int list[5], n, cnt;int list[5], n, cnt;


Array

� String = Array of Char

� char name[100];

cout<<"What is your name? ";

cin>>name;

cout<<"First character of your name is "

<<name[0];


Pointer

� Declare an integer pointer variable

� Makes ptr pointing to the variable score.

int *ptr;int *ptr;

int a=10;

ptr = &a;

int a=10;

ptr = &a;

int a;

int* ptr;

a = 5;

ptr = &a;

cout << a << "\n";

cout << &a << "\n";

cout << ptr << "\n";

cout << *ptr << "\n";

int a;

int* ptr;

a = 5;

ptr = &a;

cout << a << "\n";

cout << &a << "\n";

cout << ptr << "\n";

cout << *ptr << "\n";

& returns the memory address


Exercise

� Write a program that performs the followings:

1. declares two integer variables data1 and data2;

2. asks the user to input values for data1 and data2;

3. declares two pointers pointing to data1 and data2;

4. by using the pointers, exchange the values of data1and data2.


Exercise#include <iostream>Using namespace std;

int main(){

int temp, data1, data2, *ptr1, *ptr2;

cout<<"data 1 = "<<data1<<"\n";cout<<"data 2 = "<<data2<<"\n";return 0;

}

#include <iostream>Using namespace std;

int main(){

int temp, data1, data2, *ptr1, *ptr2;

cout<<"data 1 = "<<data1<<"\n";cout<<"data 2 = "<<data2<<"\n";return 0;

}


Function

#include <iostream>

using namespace std

int power(int x, int y)

{

return x*y;

}

int main()

{

cout<<power(10, 2);

return 0;

}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std

int power(int x, int y)

{

return x*y;

}

int main()

{

cout<<power(10, 2);

return 0;

}

Function

Main Program


Exercise

� Write a function that accepts two integer values as

parameters. The function returns the average among these two values.

float average ( )

{

}

float average ( )

{

}


Function

#include <iostream>using namespace std;

void square(int *v){

*v = *v * *v;}

int main(){

int num;

cout<<"Num? ";cin>>num;square(&num);cout<<"Square is "

<<num<<"\n";return 0;

}


void square(int *v){

*v = *v * *v;}

int main(){

int num;

cout<<"Num? ";cin>>num;square(&num);cout<<"Square is "

<<num<<"\n";return 0;

}


void square(int v){

v = v * v;}

int main(){

int num;

cout<<"Num? ";cin>>num;square(num);cout<<"Square is "

<<num<<"\n";returrn 0;

}


void square(int v){

v = v * v;}

int main(){

int num;

cout<<"Num? ";cin>>num;square(num);cout<<"Square is "

<<num<<"\n";returrn 0;

}

Pass the valueWill not affect the value in main program

Pass the memory addressAffect the value in main program


Exercise

� Write a program to ask the user to input three integers into x, y and z, which are defined in main(). Then write a function rotate() to rotate

the three values as follows.

x → y y → z z → x

� Print the rotated variables so as to verify the correctness of your function.


Exercise#include <iostream.h>using namespace std;

void rotate( ){

}

void main(){

int x, y, z;

cout<<("Input 3 integers: ");cin>>x>>y>>z;

rotate( );

cout<<x<<" "<<y<<" ";}

#include <iostream.h>using namespace std;

void rotate( ){

}

void main(){

int x, y, z;

cout<<("Input 3 integers: ");cin>>x>>y>>z;

rotate( );

cout<<x<<" "<<y<<" ";}


Function

� Pass an array to a function

#include <iostream.h>

void printArray(int info[], int size){

for (int i=0 ; i < size; i++)cout << info[i];

}

void main(){

int intArray[] = {1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 2};int size = 7;

printArray(intArray, size);}

#include <iostream.h>

void printArray(int info[], int size){

for (int i=0 ; i < size; i++)cout << info[i];

}

void main(){

int intArray[] = {1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 2};int size = 7;

printArray(intArray, size);}

size = sizeof(intArray) / sizeof(int);

Array (Printer)

Size of Array


Class

� Define a class

� Define a variable

student peter;student peter;

� Access/Assign values

peter.height = 50;

peter.setAge(20);

cout << peter.getAge;

peter.height = 50;

peter.setAge(20);

cout << peter.getAge;

class student {

public:

int height;

int getStd_id() { return id; }

int getAge() { return age; }

void setStd_id(int id)

{ if (id > 0) std_id = id; }

void setAge(int a)

{ if (a > 0) age = a; }

private:

int std_id;

int age;

};

class student {

public:

int height;

int getStd_id() { return id; }

int getAge() { return age; }

void setStd_id(int id)

{ if (id > 0) std_id = id; }

void setAge(int a)

{ if (a > 0) age = a; }

private:

int std_id;

int age;

};


Class

#include <iostream>


class student {

public:

int height;

private:

int age;

};

int main()

{

student peter;

peter.height = 12;

return 0;

}

#include <iostream>


class student {

public:

int height;

private:

int age;

};

int main()

{

student peter;

peter.height = 12;

return 0;

}

Declare a class

Declare a variable

Assign/Access value


Class

class student {

public:

int a;

int getA()

{return a};

private:

int b;

int getB()

{return b};

};

class student {

public:

int a;

int getA()

{return a};

private:

int b;

int getB()

{return b};

};

Private

Only be accessed by functions

that are part of that class

Public

Can be accessed by anyone

How can we access the variables or use the functions

in private region??


Class

� Function Declarations:

� ReturnType FuncName(params) { code }� Code is provided

� ReturnType FuncName(params);� still need to define the function separately

class Robot {

public:

int getX() {return x};

int getY();

private:

int x, y;

};

int Robot::getY() { return y };

class Robot {

public:

int getX() {return x};

int getY();

private:

int x, y;

};

int Robot::getY() { return y };


Class

� Constructor

className

� A function will be executed when a class is created

� Destructor

~className

� A function will be executed when a class is deleted

class Robot {

public:

int size;

Robot()

{cout<<"Hello";}

void setSize(int s)

{ size = s; }

~Robot()

{cout<<"Bye~";}

}

}

class Robot {

public:

int size;

Robot()

{cout<<"Hello";}

void setSize(int s)

{ size = s; }

~Robot()

{cout<<"Bye~";}

}

}

Robot myR;Robot myR; delete myR;delete myR;


Class

� Many Constructors

class Robot {

public:

int age;

Robot() {

cout<<"Hello~";

}

Robot(int n) {

cout<<"hi"<<n;

}

void printAge () {

cout << ago;

}

}

class Robot {

public:

int age;

Robot() {

cout<<"Hello~";

}

Robot(int n) {

cout<<"hi"<<n;

}

void printAge () {

cout << ago;

}

}

Robot myR;Robot myR; Robot myR(20);Robot myR(20);

� Default value

class Robot {

public:

int age;

Robot(int n=0) {

count<<n;

}

void printAge () {

cout << ago;

}

}

class Robot {

public:

int age;

Robot(int n=0) {

count<<n;

}

void printAge () {

cout << ago;

}

}


Class

� Variable

Robot myR1;

myR1.age = 1;

myR1.printWeight();

� Pointer

Robot* myR2;

myR2 = new Robot;

myR2->age = 1;

myR2->printWeight();

delete myR2;

class Robot {

public:

int age;

void printWeight()

{ cout << weight; }

private:

int weight = 10;

}

class Robot {

public:

int age;

void printWeight()

{ cout << weight; }

private:

int weight = 10;

}

Robot* myR2 = new Robot;


Class

class basePrinter{public:

void print1() {cout << "BasePrinter1" << " \n"; }

};

int main(){basePrinter bPrinter;bPrinter.print1();

}



};


}class basePrinter{public:

void print1() {cout << "BasePrinter1" << " \n";}

};

class specialPrinter:public basePrinter{public:

void print2() {cout << "specialPrinter2" << "\n"; }

};

int main() {basePrinter bPrinter;specialPrinter sPrinterbprinter.print1();bprinter.print2();sprinter.print1();sprinter.print2();

}



};



};

int main() {basePrinter bPrinter;specialPrinter sPrinterbprinter.print1();bprinter.print2();sprinter.print1();sprinter.print2();

}


Class



};


}



};


}class basePrinter{public:


};



};

int main() {basePrinter bPrinter;specialPrinter sPrinterbprinter.print1();sprinter.print1();

}



};



};

int main() {basePrinter bPrinter;specialPrinter sPrinterbprinter.print1();sprinter.print1();

}

Data Structure C++ Programming

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