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Lesson 5: ECG I

ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY IECGI

DATA REPORT

Student's Name: -----------------Lab Section: _

Date: _

I. Data and CalculationsSubject Profile

Name. _

Age _ Gender: Male / Female

A: Heart Rate

5

Height'--- _

Weight. _

Complete the following tables with the lesson data indicated, and calculate the Mean as appropriate;

Table 5.3

1: Supine

2: Seated

3: Start of inhale

3: Start of exhale

4: After exercise

B: Ventricular Systole and DiastoleTable 5.4

1: Supine

4: After exercise

Biopac Student Lab 3.7.6

C: Components of the ECG

Table 5.5

Note Interpreting ECGs is a skill that requires practice to distinguish between normal variation and those arisingfrom medical conditions. Do not be alarmed if your ECG does not match the "normal values" and referencesabove and in the Introduction.

II. QuestionsA. Using data from table 5.3:

1) Explain the changes in heart rate between conditions. Describe the physiological mechanisms causing thesechanges.

2) Are there differences in the cardiac cycle with the respiratory cycle (segment 3 data)?

B. Using data from table 5.4:

1) What changes occurred in the duration of systole and diastole between resting and post-exercise?

Lesson 5: ECG I Page 17

C. Using data from table 5.5:

1) Compared to the resting state, do the durations ofthe ECG intervals and segments decrease during exercise?Explain _

2) Compare your ECG data to the normative values. Explain any differences. _

3) Compare ECG data with other groups in your laboratory. Do their data differ? Explain why this may not beunusual.

D. In order to beat, the heart needs three types of cells. Describe the cells and their function.1)2)3)

E. List in proper sequence, starting with the normal pacemaker, elements ofthe cardiac pacemaker system.

1)2)3)4)5)6)7)8)

F. Describe three cardiac effects of increased sympathetic activity, and of increased parasympathetic activity.

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

G. In the normal cardiac cycle, the atria contract before the ventricles. Where is this fact represented in the ECG?

H. What is meant by "AV delay" and what purpose does the delay serve?

I. What is the isoelectric line ofthe ECG?

J. Which components of the ECG are normally measured along the isoelectric line?

Lesson 6: ECG II

ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY II

Page 15

Bipolar Leads (Leads I, I/, 111), Einthoven 's Law, andMean Electrical Axis on the Frontal Plane

DATA REPORTStudent's Name: _

Lab Section: _

Date: _

Subject ProfileName, _ Height, _

Weight, _Age, _ Gender: Male / Female

I. Data and PlotsA Einthoven's Law-Simulated Confirmation: Lead I + Lead III =Lead II

Table 6.1 Supine

Note The software automatically computes and then displaysLead II values. Actual confirmation ofEinthoven's lawrequires all three bipolar limb leads to be simultaneouslyrecorded.

Include the polarity (+ or -) of the Delta result sinceR-waves may be inverted on some of the leads.

B. Mean Electrical Axis of the Ventricles (QRS Axis) and Mean Ventricular Potential-Graphical Estimate

Use Table 6.2 to record measurements from the Data Analysis section:

Table 6.2

CONDITION Lead III

Su ine

SeatedStart of inhale

QRS

Start of exhale


One way to approximate the mean electrical axis in the frontal plane is to plot the magnitude ofthe R wave from Lead I andLead ill, as shown in the Introduction (Fig. 6.4).

1. Draw a perpendicular line from the ends of the vectors (right angles to the axis of the Lead) using aprotractor or right angle guide.

2. Determine the point of intersection of these two perpendicular lines.3. Draw a new vector from point 0,0 to the point of intersection.

The direction of this resulting vector approximates the mean electrical axis (QRS Axis) of the ventricles. The length of thisvector approximates the mean ventricular potential.

Create two plots on each of the following graphs, using data from Table 6.2. Use a different color pencil or pen for each plot.

Graph 1: Supine and Seated

Radial Graduations'" 0.1 mV

RAH 180"

10"-5"

~~~~~~-+-+-+-+-+-r-r~~o.Leadlt.A(+}

+!Doo

From the above graph, find the following values:Condition Mean Ventricular Potential

Supine

Seated

Mean Ventricular (QRS) Axis

Explain the difference (if any) in Mean Ventricular Potential and Axis under the two conditions:

Lesson 6: EeG II Page 17

Graph 2: Inhale IExhaleRadial Graduations: 0.1 mV

10".5<>

HHH-i-i-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+O°. Lead Ii.A(+)


Start of inhale

Start of exhale

Mean Ventricular (QRS) Axis

Explain the difference (if any) in Mean Ventricular Potential and Axis under the two conditions:


c. Mean Electrical Axis of the Ventricles (QRS Axis) and Mean Ventricular Potential-More Accurate Approximation

Use Table 6.3 to add the Q, R, and S potentials to obtain net potentials for Segment I-Supine.

Table 6.3 -Lead III "'it .~

POTENTIAL

Q

R

SQRS Net

Graph 3: Supine

Radial Graduations: 0..1 mV S.~

"<,~

co<1f

RA(-} 1800

'\00

.5°

E"--lHH-I-I-I-I-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+O°+ LeadtLAt+)


SupineMean Ventricular (QRS) Axis

Explain the difference in Mean Ventricular Potential and Axis for the Supine data in this plot (Graph 3) and the first plot(Graph 1).

Lesson 6: EeG II Page 19

II. Questions

D. Define ECG.

E. Define Einthoven's Law.

F. Defme Einthoven's Triangle.

G. What normal factors effect a change the orientation of the Mean Ventricular (QRS) Axis?

H. Define Left Axis Deviation (LAD) and its causes.

I. Define Right Axis Deviation (RAD) and its causes.

J. What factors affect the amplitude of the R wave recorded on the different leads?

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