Data Collection and Mobility Assessment Report on ...

Data Collection and Mobility Assessment Report

on

Sustainable Urban Transport Index and

Impacts of COVID-19 on Mobility

– PEKANBARU CITY, INDONESIA –

Dr. Muhammad Ikhsan

2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1

I.1 General description...................................................................................................... ............................... 1

I.2 Population .............................................................................................................. ........................................ 3

CHAPTER II: URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AND SERVICES .............................................6

II.1 Land Use…………………………………………………………………………………………….....…...……….. 6

II.2 Main Networks and Connections……………………………….…………………………………………. 7

II.3 Transportation Infrastructure………………………………………………………………..….…………. 8

II.4 Public Transportation ………………………………………………………………………….....…………. 12

II.5 Master Plan of Transportation Pekanbaru………………………………………………...………… 20

II.6 Bike Line …………………………………………………………………………………………………..………. 21

II.7 Planning for Parking Area ………………………………………………………………………….……… 22

CHAPTER III: SUTI DATA COLLECTION.................................................................................. 28

CHAPTER IV: SUTI DATA AND ANALYSIS ............................................................................. 29

CHAPTER V: DATA ANALYSIS.................................................................................................... 38

CHAPTER VI: IMPACTS OF COVID 19 ON URBAN MOBILITY……………………..……….… 40

CHAPTER VII: CONCLUDING REMARKS………………………………………………………………...47

CHAPTER VIII: REFERENCES AND OFFICIALS MET………………………………………..…..…48

List of Tables

Table I-1: District area and Population of Pekanbaru City………………………….………………… 2

Tabel I-2: Population by district in Pekanbaru City 2019…………………………………...………… 3

Table I-3: Number of student from Kindergarten to Senior High School in Pekanbaru…... 4

Table I-4: Number of school from Kindergarten to Senior High School in

Pekanbaru 2020………………………………………………………………………………………… 4

Table II-1: Terminal in Pekanbaru……………………………………………………………………………… 8

Table II-2: Air traffic (International and domestic) in Sultan Syarif

Kasim II Airport………………………………………………………………………………………..…9

Table II-3: List of roads by function and hierarchy in Pekanbaru………………………………… 10

Table II-4: Composition of vehicle types in Pekanbaru………………………………………………. 12

Table II-5: BRT Revenue in 2019………………………………………………………………………………. 15

Table II-6: The construction Cost (Preliminary Estimate)……………………………………….…. 17

Table II-7: Operating Costs (Preliminary Estimates) ………………………………………………… 17

Table II-8: Oplet services in Pekanbaru…………………………………………………………………….. 19

Table II-9: Number of Taxis in Pekanbaru ………………………………………………………………… 20

Table II-10: Financial Consequences of New Parking System ……………………………………. 26

Table IV-1: Assessment of indicator 1………………………………………………………………………..29

Table IV-2: Average number of trips per person by main mode of transport………………29

Table IV-3: Trips for Work and Education…………………………………………………………………30

Table IV- 4: Results of satisfation survey…………………………………………………………………….32

Table IV-5: Satisfaction survey detail…………………………………………………………………………33

Table IV-6: Road fatalities/population……………………………………………………………………….33

Table IV-7: Revenue from BRT…………………………………………………………………………………..34

Table IV-8: Travel Costs as part of Income………………………………………………………………….34

Table IV-9: calculation of fare-box ratio……………………………………………………………………..35

Table IV-10: Investment in public transport……………………………………………………………….35

Table IV-11: Budget allocation for transport……………………………………………………….……35

Table IV-12: PM10 measurment ……………………………………………………………………………..…36

Table IV-13: GHG emissions from transport…………………………………………………………….. 36

Table V-1: SUTI Derivation for Pekanbaru………………………………………………………………….39

Table VI-1: Quantity of bus before and during Covid-19…………………………………………….. 41

Table VI-2: Comparison of bus number before Covid19 and current situation .………….. 42

Table VI-3: Number of passengers for each TMP corridor January-August 2020………….. 43

Table VI-4: TMP Bus Frequency January-August 2020 ……………………………………………… 44

List of Figures

Figure I-1: Pekanbaru city outline maps……………………………………………………………….…… 1

Figure I-2: Economic growth rate of Pekanbaru 2016-2019…………………………………….….. 2

Figure I-3: Population Pyramid in Pekanbaru, 2019…………………………………………………… 3

Figure I-4: Air quality (PM10), number of days in a year…………………………………………….. 5

Figure II-1: Built area in Pekanbaru…………………………………………………………………………… 6

Figure II-2: Pekanbaru City Land Use Plan…………………………………………………………………. 6

Figure II-3: Main transportation network………………………………………………………………….. 7

Figure II-4: Road Authorithy in Pekanbaru………………………………………………………………… 9

Figure II-5: Road Performance in Pekanbaru…………………………………………………………….10

Figure II-6: Road Pavement in Pekanbaru………………………………………………………...……… 10

Figure II-7: Road network in Pekanbaru City……………………………………………….………….. 11

Figure II-8: TMP Corridor ……………………………………………………………………………………… 13

Figure II-9: Coverage of TMP………………………………………………………………..…………………. 14

Figure II-10: Number of Passenger in 2019……………………………………………………………… 15

Figure II-11: Future Development of BRT Corridors and Stations……..………………………. 18

Figure II-12: Future plans of Pekanbaru Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)…….………………………. 18

Figure II-13: Future Facilities of Pekanbaru Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)……………………….. 18

Figure II-14: Master Plan of Outer Ring Road in Pekanbaru……………………………………… 20

Figure II-15: Planning of Toll Road Connection Pekanbaru-Dumai, Pekanbaru-Padang,

and Rengat-Pekanbaru…………………………..…………………………………………….. 21

Figure II-16: Transit Oriented Development, connected by Outer Ring Road…….………..21

Figure II-17: Parking at CBD of Pekanbaru……………………………………………………….……… 22

Figure II-18: Parking time of early and late visitors at CBD………………………………………. 23

Figure II-19: Parking time at Jl. Sudirman and Jl. Ahmad Yani…………………………………… 23

Figure II-20: Duration of parking in Pekanbaru Mall………………………………………………… 23

Figure II-21: Comparison of parking price of Pekanbaru and around the world…………. 24

Figure II-22: Proposed parking clusters……………………………………………………………...……. 25

Figure II:23: Organization of Parking Services…………………………………………………….……. 26

Figure IV-1: Influence areas of BRT routes…………………………………………………………………31

Figure V-1: SUTI Spider diagram………………………………………………………………………………38

Figure VI-1: Number of passengers for each TMP corridor January-August 2020………. 43

Figure VI-2: TMP Bus Frequency January-August 2020……………………………………….……. 44

Figure VI-3: Cleanliness, hygiene and dinsifection procedures at TMP……….……………… 45

Figure VI-4 Seating arrangements and facilities for health protocol ………….………………. 46

Disclaimer:

This report has been issued without formal editing.

The designation employed and the presentation of the material in the report do not imply

the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United

Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its

authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views

expressed, analysis, conclusions and recommendations are those of the author(s) and

should not necessarily be considered as reflecting the views or carrying the endorsement

of the United Nations. Mention of firm names and commercial products does not imply the

endorsement of the United Nations.

1

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

I.1 General description

Pekanbaru, the capital of Riau Province, is located about 950 Kilometers Northwest of

Jakarta, and the third largest city in Sumatra Island. It is located in Sumatera Island,

between 0°30’50’’ N and 101°26’30’’ E. The maximum temperature at Pekanbaru in

May 2019 reached 36.8°C, while the minimum temperature is around 20.4°C observed

in November 2019. Precipitation varies from maximum of 323 mm in 13 days in June

2019 to 43 mm in 4 days in August 2019 (Central Bureau of Statistic, 2020). Pekanbaru

is located at an altitude of 10 m to 50 m above sea level.

Figure I-1: Pekanbaru city outline maps

The area of Pekanbaru City covers 632.26 km2. It is divided into 12 districts and the

district population distribution is provided in Table I-1 below.

2

Table I-1: District area and Population of Pekanbaru City

Number District Population

1 Tampan 181,910

2 Payung Sekaki 94,965

3 Bukit Raya 93,337

4 Marpoyan Damai 130,303

5 Tenayan Raya 136,448

6 Limapuluh 43,461

7 Sail 23,285

8 Pekanbaru Kota 26,645

9 Sukajadi 47,672

10 Senapelan 38,292

11 Rumbai 68,451

12 Rumbai Pesisir 69,604

Total 1,149,359

Source: Pekanbaru in Figures, 2020

Economic structure of the city is dominated by three major fields. They are whole sales,

retail trade, repair of vehicle and motorcycle (31.41%), construction (30.16%), and

manufacturing (19.24%) of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of the city. The

economic growth rate of the city increased from 5.68% in 2016 to 6.01% in 2019,

although in 2018 it became 5.4%. The total GRDP of the city is 119.1 triliun IDR

(Indonesian Rupiah).


Figure I-2: Economic growth rate of Pekanbaru 2016-2019

5.686.12

5.46.01

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2016 2017 2018 2019Eco

no

mic

Gro

wth

(in

%)

Year

Economic growth

3

I.2 Population

Based on the data of Pekanbaru City Statistic Central Agency, in 2019 the population

of the city was 1,149,359 with population growth rate of 4.2%. The city has a density

of 1,818/km2. Around 29.5% of the population are in the age of 15 to 29 years old.


Figure I-3: Population Pyramid in Pekanbaru, 2019

Tabel I-2: Population by district in Pekanbaru City 2019

No District Percentage of Total Population

Population Density

1 Tampan 19.06 3,041

2 Payung Sekaki 9.95 2,196

3 Bukit Raya 9.78 4,233

4 Marpoyan Damai 13.65 4,381

5 Tenayan Raya 14.30 797

6 Limapuluh 4.55 10,758

7 Sail 2.44 7,143

8 Pekanbaru Kota 2.79 11,790

9 Sukajadi 5.00 12,679

10 Senapelan 4.01 5,758

11 Rumbai 7.17 531

12 Rumbai Pesisir 7.29 442

Total Pekanbaru 100.00 1,818 Source: Pekanbaru in Figures, 2020

4

Table I-3: Number of student from Kindergarten to Senior High School in Pekanbaru

No District Total

1 Kec. Tampan 50,118

2 Kec. Marpoyan Damai 31,539

3 Kec. Tenayan Raya 27,953

4 Kec. Payung Sekaki 19,72

5 Kec. Bukit Raya 18,539

6 Kec. Lima Puluh 16,014

7 Kec. Rumbai Pesisir 15,842

8 Kec. Rumbai 15,107

9 Kec. Sukajadi 12,845

10 Kec. Sail 11,871

11 Kec. Senapelan 9,644

12 Kec. Pekanbaru Kota 3,656

Total 232,848 Source: Dapodikdasmen 2020 (Elementary and Middle Education Main Data)

Table I-4: Number of school from Kindergarten to Senior High School in Pekanbaru

2020

No District Total

1 Kec. Tampan 290

2 Kec. Marpoyan Damai 174

3 Kec. Tenayan Raya 171

4 Kec. Payung Sekaki 123

5 Kec. Bukit Raya 106

6 Kec. Rumbai Pesisir 96

7 Kec. Sukajadi 81

8 Kec. Rumbai 80

9 Kec. Lima Puluh 74

10 Kec. Senapelan 49

11 Kec. Sail 35

12 Kec. Pekanbaru Kota 34

Total 1,313 Source: Dapodikdasmen 2020 (Elementary and Middle Education Main Data)

5

Air quality

Source: BMKG, 2020

Figure I-4: Air quality (PM10), number of days in a year

The data of air quality in Pekanbaru from 2000 to 2019 can be seen in Figure I-4. The

air quality in Pekanbaru is fluctuated every year due to forest and land fire in certain

year. In 2014, 2015, and 2019 there were serious forest and land fire in Riau Province

and Sumatera Island. These years can not be used to measure the air quality due to

transportation. Therefore, the year 2018 is used to measure normal air quality due to

transportion and other factors, in the exception of forest and land fires.

6

CHAPTER II: URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AND SERVICES

II.1 Land Use

Source: RTRW Pekanbaru 2019-2039

Figure II-1: Built area in Pekanbaru

Currently, built area in Pekanbaru covers about 30% of city as observed in Figure II-1.

The city is divided in the middle by Siak River that flows from west to east. There are

four bridges across Siak River. The most population are in the south of the city.


Figure II-2: Pekanbaru City Land Use Plan

7

According to Pekanbaru spatial plan (RTRW) 2019-2039 as observed in Figure II-2,

there are some new development area that need transportation network such as

Tenayan Industrial Park and Government Office in Tenayan Raya. There are also new

Commercial and Trade Blocks and Buatan Lake Tourism in Rumbai. Another

Commercial and Trade Blocks is planned in Payung Sekaki.

II.2 Main Networks and Connections

Main networks of the city can be observed in Figure II-3. Most of the transportation

network use road network. Siak River is used only for provincial transportation network,

and not for city local transportation.

Figure II-3: Main transportation network

There are four main road entrance to Pekanbaru. They are from West Sumatera, Tlk

Kuantan, Jambi, and Dumai as observed in Figure II-3.

There are three key connections to the city. First, terminal BRPS that is used for Inter-

Provincial Bus and also for BRT terminal and depo. Second, a riverport Sungai Duku

for key connection to islands in Riau Province. Third, an international airport Sultan

8

Syarif Kasim II that has direct flights to Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Jakarta, Batam,

Bandung, Yogyakarta, Medan, and many major cities in Indonesia.

II.3 Transportation Infrastructure

a. Terminals

Road transport infrastructure network consists of a tangible node for the passenger

terminal and for goods and traffic terminal . The passenger terminal according to the

service area is grouped into:

1. Type A passenger terminal serves as the level one hub in the city providing

interchange facilities for border, regional, intercity, rural and urban transport.

2. Type B passenger terminal serves the public transportation for inter-city

transportation within the province, urban transport and rural transportation.

3. Terminal passenger type C serves the public transportation for rural

transportation.

Table II-1: Terminal in Pekanbaru

Number Station Name Type Location

1 Bandar Raya Payung Sekaki (BRPS)

A Kecamatan Payung Sekaki

2 Terminal Penumpang Senapelan C Kecamatan Senapelan

3 Terminal Penumpang Rumbai C Kecamatan Rumbai

4 Terminal Penumpang Rumbai Barat C Kecamatan Rumbai Barat

5 Terminal Penumpang Sukajadi C Kecamatan Sukajadi

6 Terminal Penumpang Kulim C Kecamatan Kulim

7 Terminal Penumpang Tuah Madani C Kecamatan Tuah Madani

8 Terminal Penumpang Batas Kota bagian Selatan

C Kecamatan Tuah Madani

9 Terminal Barang Goods Kecamatan Kulim Source: RTRW Pekanbaru 2019-2039

b. Airport Terminals

Pekanbaru is also connected through an International Airport Sultan Syarif Kasim II.

The international terminal connects the city to Kuala Lumpur, Malacca, and Singapore.

While the domestic terminal provides linkages to cities in Indonesia such as Medan,

Padang, Dumai, Batam, Tanjung Pinang, Jambi, Palembang, Bandung, Jakarta,

Yogyakarta, and Surabaya.

9

Table II-2: Air traffic (International and domestic) in Sultan Syarif Kasim II Airport

Num Month (2019) Aircraft Passengers

Arrivals Departures Arrivals Departures

1 January 1,104 1,105 145,960 141,043

2 February 1,001 999 117,179 118,319

3 March 1,115 1,114 125,983 124,255

4 April 1,089 1,090 120,441 115,225

5 May 1,018 1,018 111,200 100,914

6 June 1,115 1,115 140,917 149,373

7 July 1,158 1,161 133,803 133,436

8 August 1,217 1,216 131,000 130,112

9 September 1,142 1,141 121,052 122,007

10 October 1,266 1,270 131,290 126,259

11 November 1,210 1,211 138,502 133,369

12 December 1,292 1,293 152,774 146,260

Total in 2019 13,727 13,733 1,570,101 1,540,572 Source: Pekanbaru in Figures, 2020

c. Roads

The length of the road in Pekanbaru in 2019 was 1,277.9 km. It includes national roads

83,45 km, provincial road 127,51 km, and city road 1,066.94 km. Most of them are in

good condition 47%, moderate 15% and damage 38%. In addition, road pavement

type in Pekanbaru are 68% asphalt, 6% gravel, 24% soil, and 2% concrete.

Figure II-4: Road Authorithy in Pekanbaru

National83.45

7%Province127.51

10%

City1066.94

83%

Roads-Authority (km)

10

Figure II-5: Road Performance in Pekanbaru

Source: Pekanbaru in Figures 2020

Figure II-6: Road Pavement in Pekanbaru

List and hierarchy of the roads can be observed in Table II-5 as follows.

Table II-3: List of roads by function and hierarchy in Pekanbaru

Number Name of road Road authority Lane Number

I Arterial Road

1 Jl. Siak II (Pku) National 4

2 Jl. Sudirman National 4

3 Jl. Sp. Panam-Sp. Kubang (Pku) National 2

4 Jl. Sp. Air Hitam-Sp.Gemar Menabung National 4

5 Jl. Subrantas (Pku)-Bts. Kab. Kampar National 4

6 Jl. Bts. Pelalawan-Sikijang Mati National 2

7 Jl. Sp. Panam-Sp. Air Hitam (Pku) National 2

8 Jl. Sp. Kayu Ara-Bts. Kab. Pelalawan National 2

9 Jl. Sp. K. Nasution (Pasir Putih)-Sp. Kayu Ara (Pku)

National 2

II Primary Collector - 1

1 Jl. K. Nasution (Pku)-Marpoyan (Jl.Tl.Kuantan) National 4

III Toll Road

1 Pekanbaru-Kandis-Dumai National 4

2 Pekanbaru-Bangkinang-Payakumbuh-Bukit Tinggi National 4

Good597.847%

Moderate186.76

15%

Damage493.34

38%

Roads-Performance (km)

Asphalted867.44

68%

Gravel76.67

6%

Soil302.48

24%

Concrete31.31

2%

Roads-Pavement type (km)

11

3 Pekanbaru-Rengat National 4

IV Primary Collector – 2

1 Jl. Akses Siak IV (Pku) Province 4

2 Jl. Arifin Ahmad Province 4

3 Jl. H.R. Subrantas Province 4

4 Jl. Hang Tuah Province 2

5 Jl. Riau Province 2

6 Jl. Riau Ujung Province 2

7 Jl. SM. Amin (Pku) Province 4

8 Jl. Sp. Sudirman (Harapan Raya)-Sp. Kayu Ara Province 2

9 Jl. Tuanku Tambusai Province 4

10 Jl. Yos Sudarso Province 4

11 Jl. Riau Ujung-Pantai Cermin (Pku) Province 2

12 Jl. Simpang Pramuka-Batas Kab. Siak Province 2

V Primary Collector – 3

1 Jl. Badak-Sp.Kawasan Industri Tenayan Province 2

2 Jl. Naga Sakti Province 4

VI Secondary Arterial Pekanbaru City

1 Jl. Ahmad Yani 4

2 Jl. Pesantren 2

3 Jl. Adi Sucipto 2

4 Jl. Yos Sudarso-Akses Siak IV 2

5 Jl. Lingkar 70 4

VII Secondary Collector (241 segments) Pekanbaru City 2

VIII Secondary Local Pekanbaru City 2



Figure II-7: Road network in Pekanbaru City

12

Number of vehicles

Table II-6 shows number of vehicles from 2017 to 2019 in Pekanbaru. However, the

vehicle data prior to 2017 was not available to compare. From 2017 to 2019, the growth

of the vehicles per year is around 7.0%. This number is higher than 4.2% of population

growth in Pekanbaru.

Table II-4: Composition of vehicle types in Pekanbaru

Year Passenger car Bus Truck Motorcycles Total

2019 150,035 2,201 59,139 559,461 770,836

2018 139,621 2,018 56,146 522,952 720,737

2017 127,223 1,876 52,107 486,141 667,347

Growth per year (%) 7,9 7,7 6,1 6,8 7,0

Source: Regional Office of Tax and Regional Retribution of Riau Province, 2019

II.4 Public Transportation

The primary means of public transportation in Pekanbaru is BRT called TMP (Trans

Metro Pekanbaru). There are also minibus, called oplet (angkot). They are privately

operated and relatively cheap, serving multiple routes throughout the city. These two

public transportation (TMP and angkot) are considered to be public transportion

in this study.

However there are some transportation that are used publicly, but are not considered

as public transportation. Three wheel motorcycles are also used in some areas. While

ojek (motorcycles) is also used as transportation means in remote area of the city.

Taxis and online transport such as gojek and grab are also widely available.

13

A. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Trans Metro Pekanbaru (TMP)

Figure II-8: TMP Corridor

Main Corridor of TMP: • Koridor 1 : PANDAU – PELITA PANTAI Perum. Pandau Permai - Jl. Pasir Putih - Jl. Kaharuddin NST - Jl. Jend. Sudirman - Pelita Pantai.

PP • Koridor 1A : AWAL BROS SUDIRMAN – BANDARA SSQ Jl. Sudirman – Bandara SSQ - PP • Koridor 2 : KULIM – TERM. BRPS Terminal BRPS – Jl. T.Tambusai - Jl Jend.Sudirman – Jl.H.Imam Munandar – PP • Koridor 3 : PANAM - UIN - AKSES SUDIRMAN RS. AWAL BROS Kampus UIN - HR. Soebrantas – Jl.Soekarno Hatta – JL.Arifin Ahmad- Jl.Jend Sudirman PP • Koridor 4A : PASAR TANGOR – RAMAYANA Ramayana – Jl.Jend Sudirman – Jl. Hang tuah – Pasar Tangor – PP • Koridor 4B : RAMAYANA - TERM. BRPS Jl.Jend Sudirman – Jl.Ratulangi – Jl.A.Yani. Jl.Riau – Jl.Soekarno Hatta – Jl.T.Tambusai – Term

BRPS – PP • Koridor 4C : KANTOR WALIKOTA – KOMPLEK PERKANTORAN TENAYAN Jl. Jend. Sudirman – Jl. Gajah Mada – Jl. Diponegoro – Jl. Hang Tuah – Jl. Badak – PP • Koridor 5 : PELABUHAN SUNGAI DUKU – PATTIMURA

14

Pelabuhan Sei. Duku – Jl.Dr. Soetomo – Jl. WR.Supratman. – Jl – Patimura – Jl. Diponegoro – Memutar mesjid Agung – Jl.Diponegoro – Jl.Patimura – Jl. WR.Supratman. – Jl.DR.Sutomo – Pel.Sei.Duku

• Koridor 6 : PANDAU –TERM. BRPS BRPS – Jl.T.Tambusai – Jl. SM.Amin -JL.HR.Soebrantas – Jl. Soekarno Hatta – Jl. Kaharudin

Nasution – Jl.Pasir Puti – Perum Pandau – PP • Koridor 7A : TRI BAKTI – PUJASERA ARIFIN AHMAD Tri Bhakti – Jl. T. Tambusai – Jl. Sudirman - Jl. Paus – Jl. Arifin Achmad – PP • Koridor 7B : PUJASERA – PUSKESMAS SIMP. TIGA Jl. Arifin Ahmad – Jl. Rambutan – Jl. Kartama – Jl. KH. Nasution – Puskesmas Smpng. Tiga - PP • Koridor 8A : KANTOR WALIKOTA – UNILAK JL. A.Yani. – Jl. Riau – Jl. Siak II – Jl. Sakinah – Jl. PCR – Unilak • Koridor 8B : UNILAK - PALAS RAYA Jl. Yos Sudarso – Jl. Sri Meranti – Jl. Padat Karya – Jl. Siak II – Jl. Sakinah – Jl. PCR – Stadion

Rumbai

Figure II-9: Coverage of TMP

TMP has 260 bus stops in around 104 km length of corridors. It means that the distance

between each bus stop is around 0.8 km, since the stop is at both side of the corridor.

Assuming the distance of 500 m from the TMP stops covers the public transportation,

the TMP can serve public to get TMP service along the corridors as observed in Figure

II-9.

15

Source: Pekanbaru Transportation Board, 2020

Figure II-10: Number of Passenger in 2019

Table II-5: BRT Revenue in 2019


The total number of passenger in 2019 was 3,609,238. So, the daily passenger was

9,888. Around 15.5% of the passengers are students.

The fare for a student passenger is Rp 3,000 while the fare for a non student passenger

(general passenger) is Rp 4,000.

- 50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

NUMBER OF PASSENGER IN 2019

STUDENT NON STUDENT

1 JANUARY 54.789 164.367.000Rp 215.464 861.856.000Rp 1.026.223.000Rp 270.253

2 FEBRUARY 52.265 156.795.000Rp 226.251 905.004.000Rp 1.061.799.000Rp 278.516

3 MARCH 55.553 166.659.000Rp 270.519 1.082.076.000Rp 1.248.735.000Rp 326.072

4 APRIL 46.042 138.126.000Rp 271.211 1.084.844.000Rp 1.222.970.000Rp 317.253

5 MAY 43.936 131.808.000Rp 253.674 1.014.696.000Rp 1.146.504.000Rp 297.610

6 JUNE 21.189 63.567.000Rp 219.361 877.444.000Rp 941.011.000Rp 240.550

7 JULY 44.154 132.462.000Rp 264.187 1.056.748.000Rp 1.189.210.000Rp 308.341

8 AUGUST 51.735 155.205.000Rp 256.669 1.026.676.000Rp 1.181.881.000Rp 308.404

9 SEPTEMBER 36.557 109.671.000Rp 262.305 1.049.220.000Rp 1.158.891.000Rp 298.862

10 OCTOBER 57.813 173.439.000Rp 280.135 1.120.540.000Rp 1.293.979.000Rp 337.948

11 NOVEMBER 52.534 157.602.000Rp 275.285 1.101.140.000Rp 1.258.742.000Rp 327.819

12 DECEMBER 43.936 131.808.000Rp 253.674 1.014.696.000Rp 1.146.504.000Rp 297.610

560.503 1.681.509.000Rp 3.048.735 12.194.940.000Rp 13.876.449.000Rp 3.609.238

TOTAL PASSENGERTOTAL REVENUE

TOTAL

NO MONTHSTUDENT (FARE RP 3,000) NON STUDENT (FARE RP 4,000)

PASSENGER

16

The earning from tickets is around Rp 14 billion each year, while the operation cost is

about Rp 21 billion each year. So the the government provides around 33% subsidies

for the operation of TMP.

Future Development of Pekanbaru BRT TMP

The Government of Pekanbaru plans to improve the BRT TMP service to provide

accessibility to more population. A feasibility study for Pekanbaru BRT was conducted

by NAMA Facility that was supported by the German Federal Ministry for the

Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety and UK Department

of Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategy.

The feasibility study includes:

• Further development of concept design including pedestrian access, BRT

routes, integration with angkot services, road safety.

• More detailed demand modelling to clarify fare affordability, shifts from private

transport to enhance the design, financial and economic analyses

• Agreement and development of institutional arrangements for governance,

planning, construction and operating the BRT

• Opportunities for Transit Oriented Development

• Environmental and social impacts to be investigated in more detail

• Project risks will be defined together with mitigating actions

• Coordination with agencies so that BRT can be incorporated into the ongoing

road widening in the city

• Stakeholder engagement is crucial for the success of the project and will be

built into the project throughout its duration.

The construction cost and operating cost of the future BRT are shown in Table II-6

and Table II-7.

17

Table II-6: The construction Cost (Preliminary Estimate)

Description Unit Amount %

Construction cost IDR mil 619,285 48%

Depot IDR mil 36,243 3%

Design, supervision, etc IDR mil 87,778 7%

Social Compensation IDR mil 20,144 2%

Bus IDR mil 134,229 11%

Sub-total IDR mil 897,679 81%

Total incl. VAT, others, and contingency

IDR mil 1,107,915 70%

Additional and replacement bus IDR mil 1,000,674

Source: NAMA Facility, Feasibility Study for Pekanbaru BRT

Table II-7: Operating Costs (Preliminary Estimates)

Description Unit Amount %

Personnel cost IDR mil 12,706 10%

Insurance IDR mil 4,542 4%

General admin IDR mil 2,905 2%

Fuel, tyres, lubricants IDR mil 44,771 36%

Annual maintenance (bus) IDR mil 15,139 12%

Ticketing and fares IDR mil 5,046 4%

Annual maintenance (construction) IDR mil 37,602 31%

Total IDR mil 122,710 100%


The future development plan for facilities of BRT in Pekanbaru are shown in Figure II-

11, II-12, and II-13.

18


Figure II-11: Future Development of BRT Corridors and Stations

Source: Pekanbarubrt.net

Figure II-12: Future plans of Pekanbaru Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)

Source: Pekanbarubrt.net

Figure II-13: Future Facilities of Pekanbaru Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)

19

B. Oplet (Angkot)

There are 139 oplets in 15 routes. Actually, the oplets number is continuously

decreasing due to existence of many online tranportation modes such Gojek, Grab,

Maxim, and many local online app absed operators. Recently, the oplet companies are

not generating much profit because high operational cost and less revenue generation.

The number of oplets for each company can be seen in Table II-8.

Table II-8: Oplet services in Pekanbaru


102 : Pasar Rumbai - Umban sari

104 : Pasar Rumbai - Term. Senapelan

201 : Term. Senapelan - Tampan

202 : Term. Senapelan - Palas

203 : Term. Senapelan - Rintis

204 : Term. Senapelan - Tj. Rhu

205 : Term. Senapelan - Sukajadi

207 : Term. Senapelan - Labuh Baru Via Rajawali

210 : Term. Senapelan - Gobah

211 : Term. Senapelan - Pintu Angin

212 : Term. Senapelan - Tangkerang

301 : Term. Nangka - Simpang Panam

302 : Term. Nangka - Perumnas Sidomulyo

401 : Term. Dupa Kencana - Kulim Atas

501 : Kulim

C. Taxis (not considered as public transportation)

Although taxis are not considered as public transportation in this study, for comparison,

the number of different typea of taxis in Pekanbaru is shown in Table II-9.

102 104 201 202 203 204 205 207 210 211 212 301 302 401 501

1 KOPRIMA 7 13 2 1 8 1 3 1 3 6 8 1 4 14 72

2 PT. RIAU CITRA SEMESTA 2 10 1 1 4 6 6 1 1 3 35

3 PT. RATU TIGA SAUDARA 2 1 3

4 PT. KUPANG SURYA TRANS 5 1 2 1 1 6 2 1 3 7 29

9 28 2 3 1 14 2 4 1 3 20 16 3 9 24 139

Company

Line

Total

Total

No

20

Table II-9: Number of Taxis in Pekanbaru

NO Company Owner Permit

Active Non-

Active

1 P U S K O P A U Jajang Setiawan 252 26 226 2 K O P S I Taksi Abdul Rahim 159 44 115 3 Riau Indah Transport Masrul 200 0 200 4 Blue Bird S. Suprayogi 300 120 180

TOTAL 911 190 721 Source: Pekanbaru Transportation Board, 2020

II.5 Master Plan of Transportation Pekanbaru

Government of Pekanbaru has made a Master Plan of Transportation in Pekanbaru

including Outer Ring Road and Toll Road connection that link many centers and Transit

Oriented Development (TOD) in Pekanbaru. The plan is shown in Figure II-14, II-15

and II-16.

Source: Bappeda Pekanbaru, 2019

Figure II-14: Master Plan of Outer Ring Road in Pekanbaru

21


Figure II-15: Planning of Toll Road Connection Pekanbaru-Dumai, Pekanbaru-

Padang, and Rengat-Pekanbaru


Figure II-16: Transit Oriented Development, connected by Outer Ring Road

II.6 Bike Lane

There are special lanes for bike riders in Jl. Sudirman, Jl. Gajah Mada, Jl. Pattimura,

and Jl. Diponegoro. However, the lanes are still limited and not very convinient for the

riders.

22

II.7 Planning for parking area

A parking study was condiucted and parking policy was developed. The stsudy was

funded by ADB, 2019:

Situation in Pekanbaru:

• Increasing car ownership

• Illegal parking is hardly managed

• Parking regulation driven by budget

• Revenues are ‘diverted’

• Management system not transparent

Parking demand

• By user group (residents, visitors, commuters)

In sub-areas: 2,250 parking places, 400 off-street and along arteries: 1,500. Figures

II-17, II-18, II-19, and II-20 provide information on parking location, time and duration.

Figure II-17: Parking at CBD of Pekanbaru

23

Figure II-18: Parking time of early and late visitors at CBD

Figure II-19: Parking time at Jl. Sudirman and Jl. Ahmad Yani

Figure II-20: Duration of parking in Pekanbaru Mall

On Wednesday: 70-90% occupied

Conclusions of the study:

• Unclear/chaotic parking situation, no enforcement of illegal parking

• Overall enough parking space

• In certain areas commuters take up space that could be used by visitors

24

• The fee hardly regulates

• Willingness to pay for comfortable parking

Objectives of the policy in parking

• To contribute to the quality of CBD

• Protect the residential function

• Support visitor parking

• Use parking space as efficiently as possible

• Just enough: not too much, not too few spaces

13 Parking Policies:

Some of the parking policies suggeted are:

1. Reduce parking space to benefit pedestrians

30% of spaces to be removed

This is possible:

• Occupation relatively low

• Remove long term parking

• Off-street cap. available

Develop alternatives:

• Bus system

• NMT (non motorized transportation)

2. The Price (now IDR 2,000): very cheap

Figure II- 21 shows comparision of parking price.

Figure II-21: Comparison of parking price of Pekanbaru and around the world

25

Increase and differentiate

• IDR 10,000 for the most preferred – CBD Area

• IDR 5,000 for rest ‘survey area’

Figure II-22 shows proposed parking clusters.

Figure II-22: Proposed parking clusters

3. Extend regulated hours: 8 AM – 8 PM, 7/7 days

4. Permit for residents

5. Tailormade solutions for other groups:

• Handicapped

• Electric vehicles

• Hotel guests

6. Make Policy transparent; Inform!

7. Improved payment system

• Mobile phone payment on the way

8. Optimise enforcement:

• Identify Non-payment & illegal parking

• Issue notice of violation → 2 weeks payment term

• Start collection procedure:

1. Tow and impound

2. Clamp when parked legally

3. Connect outstanding fines with local taxes

4. Check for outstanding fines when selling the car

26

9. Implement ‘physical enforcement’

Monitor the parking system: Occupation, Non-payment, Sales

10. Develop the Organisation

Figure II:23: Organization of Parking Services

11. Set & enforce parking standards and differentiate for quality of public

transport

12. Be prepared to extend the regulation – parking pressure may spread

Financial Consequences

• Existing net benefit IDR 9.2 billion ($ 660,000)

• Calculations made for on-street parking reflecting policy changes:

Fees

Resident’s Permit system

Fix regulated hours to 84 hours/week

Reduced number of parking places. Table II-10 shows financial analyis of proposed

parking system.

Table II-10: Financial Consequences of New Parking System

Cost Billion IDR Revenues Billion IDR

Direct Personnel Cost 3.0 Short term parking 37.9

Other operating Cost 9.1 Residents´ Permits 0.2

Fines 3.9

Total cost per year 12.1 Total revenues per year 42.0

Net Result per Year IDR 29.9 billion (USD 2.1 million)

• 3 times per day, even considering:

27

• Less parking places

• Only accounted for centre parking

• Motorcycles not charged

• All organisation costs included

28

CHAPTER III: SUTI DATA COLLECTION

• The data for SUTI is collected from many sources such as Pekanbaru

Transportation Board, Pekanbaru in Figures (Statistical Office), journal papers,

government institutional reports, panel, experts, newspaper and online media.

• Some meeting with city officials are used to confirm the ata.

• Some of the data are only availabe for 3 consecutive years.

• Some of them does not have trend, as the case of air quality for each year,

because Riau Province is very vulnerable to forest and land fire. In this case,

to get the air quality, only normal year (when moderate climate condition) is

taken for the data.

• There was no special survey was made for this study since it is hard to do the

survey during COVID-19 pandemic. However, the data from prior study from

many sources can be obtained.

29

CHAPTER IV: SUTI DATA AND ANALYSIS

a. Indicator 1

Table IV-1: Assessment of indicator 1

Total Score= 11/16

b. Indicator 2

Table IV-2: Average number of trips per person by main mode of transport

PURPOSE COMMUTING (WORK AND EDUCATION))

MODE # subtotals

a. Scheduled bus and minibus (*) 0.908

b. Train, metro, tram 0.000

c. Ferry 0.000

d. Public transport (a+b+c) 0.91

e. Walking 33.8364

f. Bicycle 0.3001

g. Active transport (f+g) 34.14

h. Passenger car 22.5142

i. 3W - Private 0.0000

j. Shared Auto (Informal PT) 0.000

k. Motorcycle 41.9762

l. Institutional Buses and Auto Rickshaws 0.4653

m. Other motorized (trucks,etc) 0.0000

n. Individual motorized (**) (i+j+k+l+m) 64.96

o. Total 100.00

p. Public and active 35.04

q. Modal share of active and public transport

35.0

Aspects Explanation Score

I) walking networks

The goals are qualitative, with 4 major corridors (Sudirman, Diponegoro, Arifin Ahmad, and Ahmad Yani). There is also some budget provided.

2

II) cycling networks

The goals are qualitative, with corridors in Diponegoro and around Car Free Day area. There is some budget provided to maintain the networks

2

III) intermodal transfer facilities

The goals are quantitative, the intermodal facilities include the riverport Sungai Duku and airport Sultan Syarif Kasim II, and the BRT Pekanbaru. The budget is increasing

3

IV) public transport

The goals are ambitious to have good public transport. The designation covers more than half of the city. The major new funding is planned for the future. There is a feasibility study going on to further develop BRT.

4

30

Table IV-3: Trips for Work and Education

• The share of motorcycle is assumed by the half number of motorcycle

(559,461 x 0.5 = 279731) and passenger in a motorcycle is assumed 1

passenger.

• The share of passenger car is assumed by the half number of passenger car

(150,035 x 0.5 = 75018) and the number of passenger in a passenger car is

assumed 2 passengers.

• The share of BRT is obtained by 115 BRT bus, and each bus is assumed to

have 40 passengers.

• The share of bus (other than BRT) is obtained by 3 bus, and each bus is

assumed to have only 20 passengers.

• The share of Company bus is obtained by 20 company bus, and each bus is

assumed to have 20 passengers.

• The share of bicycle is obtained by 2,000 bikes, and each bike is assumed to

have only 1 passenger.

Modes Number

of vehicles

Passenger in each vehicle

Passenger in each mode

Modal share

2Wh (motorcycles) 279731 1 279731 40.5

3Wh-Pvt (private) 0 0

3Wh-Shared Auto 0 0

4Wh (passenger car) 75018 2 150035 21.7

BRTS 115 40 4600 0.7

Bus 3 20 60 0.0

Company Bus 20 20 400 0.1

Cycle (bicycle) 2000 1 2000 0.3

Oplet (minibus) 139 10 1390 0.2

Other 0 0

Private Bus 20 20 400 0.1

Rail 0 0

School Van 263 8 2101 0.3

School/ College Bus 10 20 200 0.0

Walk 250200 1 250200 36.2

School Rickshaw (becak dayung) 0 0

Grand Total 100 691.116,30 100.0

31

• The share of oplet (angkot) is obtained by 139 angkot, and each angkot is


• The share of private bus is obtained by 20 private bus, and each bus is


• The share of school van is obtained by 20% of the number of school (1,313) =

263 van, and each van is assumed to have 8 passengers.

• The share of school/college bus is obtained by 10 college bus, and each bus is


• The share of people walk is obtained by assuming 50% of age group 15-24

years (107,832+124,068=231,900) and 20% of age group 25-59 years

(107,463+96,785+91,157+84,551+71,636+54,787+41,305 = 547,684)

c. Indicator 3

Figure IV-1: Influence areas of BRT routes

The total length of BRT routes in Pekanbaru measured is 104 km. The number of bus

stops (halt) is 260. The bus stops are at both sides of the roads. It means that in

average, every 0,8 km (104/(260*0.5)) there will be one stop. If a halt covers area with

radius 500 m, then the coverage area of the BRT routes is around 104 km x 1 km =

104 km2.

32

The average population density along the BRT route is around 5,500 inhabitants/km2.

Therefore, the coverage area of BRT is 104 km2 x 5,500 inh/km2 = 572,000

inhabitants, which is 50,03% of the population of Pekanbaru (1,143, 359 inhabitants).

Another way to find the coverage is by comparing BRT coverage area to built area of

Pekanbaru. Built area of Pekanbaru is about 30%x632 km2 = 190 km2. Therefore the

percentage of coverage area is 104 km2 / 190 km2 = 54,7%, which is close to the

above result.

d. Indicator 4

The values for indicator 4 are obtained from many studies that have been performed

to know service level of TMP. The results of the studies are used to assertian qaulity

and reliability of public trrnsport. The resulst are summarized in Table IV-4. The survey

results in local languages are included in Annex-I.

Table IV- 4: Results of satisfation survey

Dimension % SATISFIED

Frequency of the service 74.50

Punctuality (delay)* 75.60

Comfort and cleanliness of vehicles 75.80

Safety of vehicles 80.00

Convenience of stops/stations 72.20

Availability of information 71.60

Personnel courtesy 75.80

Fare level 79.50

Aggregate Responses 75.63

33

Table IV-5: Satisfaction survey detail

Rating

Dimension 5 4 3 2 1 Score

Frequency of the service 0.745

Punctuality (delay)* 9 63 25 3 0 0.756

Comfort and cleanliness of vehicles 10 64 22 3 1 0.758

Safety of vehicles 20 61 18 1 0 0.8

Convenience of stops/stations 21 30 40 7 2 0.722

Availability of information 0.716

Personnel courtesy 16 51 29 4 0 0.758

Fare level 0.795

e. Indicator 5

Table IV-6 shows number of 41 fatalities in transportation in Pekanbaru in 2019

according to Pekanbaru Police Office. The data souce material can be seen in Annex

II (News from KORANMX.COM).

Table IV-6: Road fatalities/population

Fatalities Number

Road transport 41

Railway transport 0

Tram 0

Ferryboats 0

Other 0

Total 41

Inhabitants 1143359

Fatalities/100,000 inh. 3.6

34

f. Indicator 6

The following tables shows revenue generation and derivation of indicator 6 tarnsport

cost as part of income.

Table IV-7: Revenue from BRT

Table IV-8: Travel Costs as part of Income

Services

Monthly Ridership

Market shares

Single ticket price

Monthly cost (60 tickets)

Weighted monthly cost

Oplet (Angkot) 208500 41.2 4000 240000 98872

BRT 297610 58.8 4000 240000 141128

Total 506110 100 0 240000

Mean household income, 2019 3,000,000

Travel cost/Income 8.0

The total number of angkot is 139. The total passengers of angkot in December 2019

is 139x5 trips x 10 passengers x 30 days = 208,500. The fare of angkot is Rp 4,000 in

average. The mean household income in Pekanbaru is around Rp 3,000,000.

g. Indicator 7

The operational cost of BRT in a year is around Rp 21 billion. Therefore the monthly

operational cost is Rp 1.75 billion.

1 JANUARY 54.789 164.367.000Rp 215.464 861.856.000Rp 1.026.223.000Rp 270.253

2 FEBRUARY 52.265 156.795.000Rp 226.251 905.004.000Rp 1.061.799.000Rp 278.516

3 MARCH 55.553 166.659.000Rp 270.519 1.082.076.000Rp 1.248.735.000Rp 326.072

4 APRIL 46.042 138.126.000Rp 271.211 1.084.844.000Rp 1.222.970.000Rp 317.253

5 MAY 43.936 131.808.000Rp 253.674 1.014.696.000Rp 1.146.504.000Rp 297.610

6 JUNE 21.189 63.567.000Rp 219.361 877.444.000Rp 941.011.000Rp 240.550

7 JULY 44.154 132.462.000Rp 264.187 1.056.748.000Rp 1.189.210.000Rp 308.341

8 AUGUST 51.735 155.205.000Rp 256.669 1.026.676.000Rp 1.181.881.000Rp 308.404

9 SEPTEMBER 36.557 109.671.000Rp 262.305 1.049.220.000Rp 1.158.891.000Rp 298.862

10 OCTOBER 57.813 173.439.000Rp 280.135 1.120.540.000Rp 1.293.979.000Rp 337.948

11 NOVEMBER 52.534 157.602.000Rp 275.285 1.101.140.000Rp 1.258.742.000Rp 327.819

12 DECEMBER 43.936 131.808.000Rp 253.674 1.014.696.000Rp 1.146.504.000Rp 297.610

560.503 1.681.509.000Rp 3.048.735 12.194.940.000Rp 13.876.449.000Rp 3.609.238

TOTAL PASSENGERTOTAL REVENUE

TOTAL

NO MONTHSTUDENT (FARE RP 3,000) NON STUDENT (FARE RP 4,000)

PASSENGER

35

The monthly operational cost of angkot is the same as its revenue Rp 834,000,000.

Because there is no profit in operating angkot, since they are almost broke.

Table IV-9: calculation of fare-box ratio

Services Fare Revenue Expenses Fare box ratio

Daily Passenger

share (%)

Angkot 834,000,000 834,000,000 100% 6950 41

BRT 1,190,440,000 1,750,000,000 68% 10026 59

Total 2,024,440,000 2,584,000,000 81.12 16976 100

h. Indicator 8

The following tables shows budget allocation for transportt and share of invetsment in

public tarnsport.

Table IV-10: Investment in public transport

INVESTMENTS BY THE CITY (US $) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 average

PUBLIC TRANSPORT FACILITIES 1,933,333 1,933,333 6,993,333 3,936,667 2,873,333

3,534,000

TOTAL TRANSPORT 8,006,200 7,003,933 30,200,667 16,320,667 8,258,667 13,958,027

SHARE 25.3

Conversion rate: 1$ = RP 15000

Table IV-11: Budget allocation for transport

Provincial Budget (IDR Billion)2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

New construction 19,09 31,00 322,52 80,56 12,80

Improvement 32,00 5,06 10,00 - 31,28

Maintenance - 40,00 15,00 - -

Total 51,09 76,06 347,51 80,56 44,08

Pekanbaru Budget (IDR Billion)2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

New construction 40 104 20

Improvement 4,7

Maintenance 0,6 1,2 12

Total 40,00 - 0,60 105,20 36,70

Pekanbaru Public Transportation2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Public Transportation 29 29 29,9 42,8 29,2

National Budget Public Transportation2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Public Transportation 75 16,25 13,9

TOTAL 120,09 105,06 453,01 244,81 123,88

36

i. Indicator 9

Table IV-12: PM10 measurment

PM10 days days

Location value (micgr/m3) in a year percentage

good 25 278 83.73

fair 100 52 15.66

unhealthy 250 2 0.60

very unhealthy 385 0 0.00

dangerous 420 0 0.00

no data 0 0 0.00

Total days counted 332 100

average in a year 38.10 VALUE TO ENTER IN SUB-SHEET B

j. Indicator 10

The emission due to transportation in Pekanbaru is measured by the volume of

gasoline and biosolar in the city. The use of Gasoline in 2020 is 142.130 kilo liter; and

Biosolar 130.933 kilo liter.

Table IV-13: GHG emissions from transport

Liters sold CO2-factor Emissions Population Emission/capita

kg/l tons/year

GASOLINE/PETROL 142,130,000.00 2.272 322,848.30

DIESEL 130,933,000.00 2.676 350,376.71

TOTAL 673,225.00 1,143,359.00 0.59

YEARS THAT THE INDICATOR CONCERNS 2019

Source: https://pertamina.com/id/kuota-premium-per-kota-kabupaten-tahun-2020

National Budget for Public Transportation

2017 Rp 1,5 billion x 50 = Rp 75 billion

2018 Rp 650 million x 25 = Rp 16,25 billion

2019 Rp 650 million x 6 = Rp 3,9 billion

2019 Traffic Control System Rp 5 billion

2019 Pedestrian/walk way Rp 5 billion

https://pertamina.com/id/kuota-premium-per-kota-kabupaten-tahun-2020

37

k. Additional Data

Energy Use:

Program B20 is is a mandatory program by Indonesian government to promote use of

sustainable/renewable fuels. B20 is the use of 20% part of solar fuel using biofuel,

mainly from CPO (crude palm oil). The program has been implemented in 2018 and

2019. Program B30 is mandatory in 2020. BRT TMP buses use B20 solar fuel (partly

biofuel).

To control emission of the vehicle, there is yearly emission test for each public

transport. It is to ensure that the emission is not larger than the maximum emission

permitted.

Gender and Inclusiveness

There is special seat in BRT bus for differenly-abled and aging society. And also sticker

on the bus wall to remind passengers to give priority seats for women, aged and

differently abled users. Ramp facilities for wheel chair and dotted line for the blind.

38

CHAPTER V: DATA ANALYSIS

a. Spider Diagram (interpretation of results, observation, etc.)

Figure V-1: SUTI Spider diagram

The spider diagram shows that some index that are low:

1. Modal share of active and public transport in commuting

2. Convenient access to public transport service

3. Investment in public transportation systems

0.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.0080.0090.00

100.00

1. Extent to which transportplans cover public transport,

intermodal facilities andinfrastructure for active…

2. Modal share of active andpublic transport in

commuting

3. Convenient access topublic transport service

4. Public transport qualityand reliability

5. Traffic fatalities per100.000 inhabitants

6. Affordability – travel costs as part of income

7. Operational costs of thepublic transport system

8. Investment in publictransportation systems

9. Air quality (pm10)

10. Greenhouse gasemissions from transport

39

b. SUTI final table

Table V-1: SUTI Derivation for Pekanbaru

S. No. Indicators Value Normalized

1 Extent to which transport plans cover public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes

11.00 68.75

2 Modal share of active and public transport in commuting

35.0 31.31

3 Convenient access to public transport service 50.03 37.54

4 Public transport quality and reliability 75.63 70.19

5 Traffic fatalities per 100.000 inhabitants 3.59 64.14

6 Affordability – travel costs as part of income 8.00 85.71

7 Operational costs of the public transport system 81.12 75.79

8 Investment in public transportation systems 25.32 50.64

9 Air quality (pm10) 38.10 79.93

10 Greenhouse gas emissions from transport 0.59 78.59

SUTI- Geometric mean 61.32

40

CHAPTER VI: IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON URBAN MOBILITY

Lockdown in Pekanbaru

There was no complete lockdown in Pekanbaru during Covid-19 pandemic. However,

there was so called PSBB (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar), that was a big scale

social limitation. During PSBB, the schools were closed. The government office were

still open, but most of the officials worked from home. The markets were very limited

access. Public transportation (TMP) was still running, but only 40% of the total buses

were running.

Some of the facts about PSBB in Pekanbaru are as follows:

• The duration of PSBB was 42 days, from 17 April 2020 to 28 May 2020

• The full city was under PSBB.

• Restriction:

1. Factories, whole sale markets, retail markets, and offices were still open

but with limited workers.

2. Malls and schools were closed.

3. Cultural/social/religious gathering were banned.

• Exemptions of essential services:

1. Medical services, surgeries, public utilities, policing, milk, grocery,

vegetables, traditional markets

• Restriction in mobility:

1. Social distancing

2. Bus, people, personalized vehicles, taxis, uber, public transport, and

walking were allowed.

• Information dissemination methods to promote control of infection spreading:

1. National media, stay home campaign

2. No military use, no local police use, except during night time.

• Post lockdown (PSBB) to enforce social distancing:

1. Information campaign, face mask compulsory, disinfection of busis,

depots

• Quantification of public transport

41

Table VI-1: Quantity of bus before and during Covid-19

No Description Before Covid-19

During Covid-19

Post Covid-19

1 Total number of buses 75 75 75

2 Average daily buses on road

75 30 30

3 average daily passengers on board

9,951 1,664 4,600

4 Average revenue per day Rp 39,804,000 Rp 6,656,000 Rp 18,400,000

5 Average expenditure per day

Rp 57,534,246 Rp 25,000,000 Rp 25,000,000

• Post PSBB, due to disinfection activities there is additiona cost to the operator

• Post lockdown, there is a limit on the capacity of bus, 50% lower.

• Post lockdown, there is no extended additional support to public transport

agencies

• During lockdown:

1. Online working high popularity

2. Online teaching very high popularity

3. Online meeting very high popularity

4. Online shopping moderate popularity

5. Online services (banks) moderate popularity

6. Walk/bicycle to work very low popularity

• Post lockdown:

1. Online working moderate popularity

2. Online teaching high popularity

3. Online meeting high popularity

4. Online shopping low popularity

5. Online services (banks) low popularity

6. Walk/bicycle to work very low popularity

• Short term initiatives:

• Medium term initiatiatives

• Long Term Initiatives

42

VI.1 Public transport situation before COVID-19 and current situation

Limited Number of Bus and Corridors

During Covid19 pandemic, started April until September (current situation), the number

of TMP buses that operate were reduced from 75 to 30, as can be seen in Table VI-2.

The operation of TMP is reduced from 13 corridors before covid19 to be only 8 corridors

currently.

Table VI-2: Comparison of bus number before COVID-19 and current situation

NO CORRIDOR Before

Covid19 Current

Situation Bus Size

1 01 (PANDAU - RAMAYANA) 13 8 big

2 1A (BANDARA - AWAL BROSS) 2 0 big

3 02 (TERMINAL BRPS - KULIM) 10 5 big

4 03 (SUDIRMAN - UIN) 11 5 big

5 4A (PASAR TANGOR - RAMAYANA) 8 3 big

6 4B (RAMAYANA - TERMINAL BRPS) 7 2 small

7 4C (WALIKOTA - KOMP. PERKANTORAN TENAYAN) 3 1 small

8 05 (PELABUHAN SUNGAI DUKU - SUDIRMAN) 2 0 small

9 06 (PANDAU - TERMINAL BRPS) 6 3 big

10 7A (TRI BAKTI - PUJASERA ARIFIN AHMAD) 2 0 small

11 7B (PUJASERA ARIFIN AHMAD - PUSKESMAS SIMPANG TIGA)

2 0 small

12 8A (WALIKOTA - UNILAK) 8 3 small

13 8B (UNILAK - PALAS RAYA) 1 0 small

Total 75 30

Source: Pekanbaru Transportation Board, August 2020

Service Time restriction

There is also change in time of operation from normal condition: 05.00 am to 09.00 pm,

to become in current operation: 06.00 am to 07.00 pm (during pandemic).

Decrease Passengers and Bus Frequencies

The number of passengers and bus frequencies also occurred during the pandemic,

as can be seen in the following Table and Figures.

43

Table VI-3: Number of passengers for each TMP corridor January-August 2020

Figure VI-1: Number of passengers for each TMP corridor January-August 2020

The normal situation before Covid19 pandemic was in January and February 2020. In

March, the pandemic started. There was lockdown in Pekanbaru during April and May

2020. The lockdown then was released in June until now. In Table VI-2 and Figure

VI-2, the TMP passengers in February were 298,545, then decreased in May to be

49,939 (16.7% compare to that in February). However in August, it became 138,007

(46.2% compare to that in February).

Month 01 1A 02 03 4A 4B 4C 05 06 7A 7B 8A 8B 09 10 TOTAL

January 95718 4435 41751 48801 32048 14306 3018 2371 19330 1378 1647 19162 1318 285283

February 97643 4724 43661 55079 32498 13813 2979 2129 20428 1656 1567 20965 1403 298545

March 77026 4171 32782 46873 23912 11197 2262 1435 16444 1099 1205 17026 926 236358

April 23436 0 6351 10426 4526 2541 398 0 3797 0 0 6047 0 57522

May 22109 0 6268 6998 4185 2195 317 0 2890 0 0 4977 0 49939

June 37447 0 11958 15969 7388 3892 674 0 5812 0 0 8849 0 91989

July 47445 0 18029 22557 10029 5607 628 0 9413 0 0 9919 0 715 799 125141

August 50585 0 20314 25595 11009 5649 692 0 10819 0 0 10917 9 667 1307 138007

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

January February March April May June July August

TMP Passenger, 2020

01 1A 02 03 4A 4B 4C 05 06 7A 7B 8A 8B 09 10

44

Table VI-4: TMP Bus Frequency January-August 2020

Figure VI-2: TMP Bus Frequency January-August 2020

Figure VI-1 and Figure VI-2 show the impact of Covid19 pandemic to public

transportation in Pekanbaru. In March, although the bus frequency was relatively

constant, the number of passengers started to decrease. In April to August, compare

to January to March, the bus frequencies were always relatively higher than the number

of passengers. It means that, the impact of the pandemic cause the people not to use

public transportation.

Increasing expenditure and Decreasing Revenues

The pandemic also causes potential financial implications such as additional

expenditure to provide cleanliness, hygiene, and desinfection procedures. The

decrease of number of passengers on the other hand also reduces the revenues fro

Month 01 1A 02 03 4A 4B 4C 05 06 7A 7B 8A 8B 09 10 TOTAL

January 2401,5 824,5 1557 1746,5 1852 1612,5 590,5 722 903 650,5 540,5 1409,5 363,5 15173,5

February 2303,5 750,5 1520 1863,5 1602,5 1430,5 561,5 623,5 947 633,5 507,5 1395 326,5 14465

March 2389,5 745 1501,5 1907,5 1456 1502,5 558 641,5 968,5 640,5 535,5 1439,5 326 14611,5

April 1147,5 0 423,5 970,5 574 391 167,5 6 406,5 0 0 822 0 4908,5

May 862,5 0 582 740 491 355 148 0 357,5 0 0 713,5 0 4249,5

June 1124 0 660 893,5 582,5 420 177 0 481 0 0 829 0 5167

July 1877 0 1019 1512,5 1103,5 880,5 207 0 1122 0 0 1182,5 0 357 349 9610

August 2105,5 0 1107 1653 1225,5 737 210,5 0 1187,5 0 0 1284,5 344,5 555 556 10966

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

January February March April May June July August

TMP Bus Frequency, 2020

01 1A 02 03 4A 4B 4C 05 06 7A 7B 8A 8B 09 10

45

the tickets. Decreasing the number of passengers 83.3% in May 2020 (see Table VI-

2) caused hard impact to the revenues.

Cleanliness, hygiene and disinfection

Cleanliness, hygiene and disinfection process of public transportation have been

perfomed. The workers are instructed to wipe out with desinfectant the grills, hand

bars, and other parts of the bus and halt to minimize the virus spread.

Figure VI-3: Cleanliness, hygiene and dinsifection procedures at TMP

Staggering seating arrangements in covid19, only 50% of the capacity are used.

46

Figure VI-4 Seating arrangements and facilities for health protocol

Health Protocol in Public Transportation During Pandemic

• Always wear mask

• Wash hands before entering halt or use hand sanitizer

• Keep physical distance

• 50% capacity of the bus

• Clean and wipe out grills, hand bars, seats in the buses and halts periodically

by workers.

47

CHAPTER VII: CONCLUDING REMARKS

RECOMMENDATION TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY OF URBAN MOBILITY

1. SUTI assessment in Pekanbaru shows that some index that are low and need

significant efforts to improve:

a. Modal share of active and public transport in commuting

b. Convenient access to public transport service

c. Investment in public transportation systems

2. In order to decarbonize of public transport, BRT TMP buses use B20 solar fuel (20%

partly biofuel). To control emission of the vehicle, there is yearly emission test for

each public transport. It is to ensure that the emission is not more than the maximum

emission permitted.

3. There is special seat in BRT bus for differenly-abled and aging population. And also

sticker on the bus wall to remind passengers to give priority seats for women, aged

and differently abled users. Ramp facilities for wheel chair and dotted line for the

blind are alo provided.

4. Impacts of COVID-19 on urban mobility:

a. Service time restriction

b. Decrease in passengers volume (only 16.7% of normal condition),

bus frequencies (28% of normal condition), bus number (40% of

normal condition).

c. Higher operation cost due to additional cost for health protocol.

48

CHAPTER VIII: REFERENCES AND OFFICIALS MET

VIII.1 References

Kota Pekanbaru Dalam Angka (Pekanbaru in Figures) 2016





www.pekanbarubrt.net


KoranMX.com 41 Nyawa Melayang Akibat Laka Lantas di Pekanbaru, Sepanjang 2019, 01 January 2020

Provinsi Riau Dalam Angka (Riau in Figures) 2020

https://www.bmkg.go.id/kualitas-udara/informasi-partikulat-

pm10.bmkg?Lokasi=PEKANBARU

RTRW Kota Pekanbaru 2019-2039 (Pekanbaru Spatial Plan)

VIII.2 Experts and officials met

1. Yuliarso, Head of Pekanbaru Transportation Board (Pekanbaru City

Government)

2. Sunarko, Secretary of Pekanbaru Transportation Board (Pekanbaru City

Government)

3. Septian, Official at Pekanbaru Transportation Board (Pekanbaru City

Government)

4. Marsetyawan, Planner at Riau Planning Research Development Board (Riau

Provincial Government)

5. Officials of Pekanbaru Planning Board

6. Harmaini (Riau Transportation Safety Community)

http://www.pekanbarubrt.net/


https://www.bmkg.go.id/kualitas-udara/informasi-partikulat-pm10.bmkg?Lokasi=PEKANBARU

https://www.bmkg.go.id/kualitas-udara/informasi-partikulat-pm10.bmkg?Lokasi=PEKANBARU

49

Annex-I: Survey forms and results for quality and reliability in Indonesian

51

Annex II: Road safety data source (Indonesian) 41 Nyawa Melayang Akibat Laka Lantas di Pekanbaru, Sepanjang 2019 Rabu, 01 Januari 2020 - 16:12 WIB Reporter : Ridho Fernandes Redaktur : Raja Mirza KORANMX.COM, PEKANBARU--Sepanjang tahun 2019, sebanyak 135 kasus kecelakaan lalu lintas (Laka lantas) terjadi di kota Pekanbaru. Akibatnya, 41 orang korban meninggal dunia, 53 luka berat dan 123 korban lainnya mengalami luka ringan. Dengan kerugian materil mencapai Rp 304,1 juta. Hal itu diungkap Kapolresta Pekanbaru, Kombes Pol Nandang Mukmin Wijaya SIK saat gelar ekspose akhir tahun 2019, Selasa (31/12/2019). "Angka ini menurun dari tahun lalu 2018," ucap Nandang. Di tahun 2018 kata Nandang, jumlah Lakalantas mencapai 195 kasus. Dengan korban meninggal dunia sebanyak 82 orang, luka berat 73 orang dan luka ringan 322 orang. Dengan kerugian materil ditaksir mencapai Rp 565,5 juta. "Tahun ini (2019, red) ada 135 kasus, dengan korban meninggal dunia 41 orang, 53 luka berat dan 123 korban luka ringan. Angka kerugian materi Rp 304,1 juta," sebutnya. Sementara, untuk pelanggaran lalu lintas di tahun 2019 ada sebanyak 21.619 tilang, ditambah dengan sanksi teguran 2.301. Dengan jumlah keseluruhan 23.920. "Perbandingan di tahun 2018, pelanggaran lalu lintas sebanyak 20.386 tilang, untuk teguran ada 2.488. Dengan total keseluruhan 22.874," tutupnya. (*)

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