Data Asli Pik Reaktor

8/18/2019 Data Asli Pik Reaktor

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TUGAS

PROSES INDUSTRI KIMIA 1

DISUSUN OLEHLEWI PETRIK (14-2014-029)

Kelas A

REAKTOR

1.1. Pengertian ReaktorReak!" #e"$%aka& %e"alaa& $a#a aa$ %e"alaa& 'a& e"&e"as* +ak,ala# a"&a& sse# ,s"+$s #a$%$& "a&s#s. Dkaaka& +a/a "eak!"#e"$%aka& %e"alaa& $a#a ka %e#asa&a&&'a ,ak #e&a,+aa& ,a" %a"alaa& ,asa" la&&'a* #sal&'a "eak!" %e#+aas a"$s ($""e&l#&& "ea!"s)* "eak!" %a"alel (s/$& "ea!"sea,'-sae "ea3e!#%e&sa!&) ,ll. Dkaaka& +a/a "eak!" #e"$%aka& %e"alaa& e"&e"as


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ka "eak!" e"se+$ #e"$%aka& +aa& ,a" s$a$ %e"alaa& ,e&a& $&$k ke"ae"e&$* #sal&'a "eak!" s$"a /$+$& ka%as!" %a"alel (s/$&-a%a!"-s/& "ea!")* "eak!" %el$a/ ka%as!" (a%a!" ,s/a"e "ea!")*"eak!" %e&'a"& (le" "ea!") ,a& la&-la&. Reaktor a,ala/ s$a$ ala %"!sese#%a , #a&a e"a,&'a s$a$ "eaks +e"la&s$&* +ak $ "eaksk#a aa$ &$kl" ,a& +$ka& sea"a ska. De&a& e"a,&'a "eaks &la/ s$a$+a/a& +e"$+a/ ke +e&$k +a/a& la&&'a* %e"$+a/a&&'a a,a 'a& e"a, sea"as%!&a& alas e"a, ,e&a& se&,"&'a aa$ +sa $a +$$/+a&$a& e&e" se%e" %a&as(!&!/ e&e" 'a& %al& $#$#). Pe"$+a/a& 'a&,#aks$, a,ala/ %e"$+a/a& k#a* a, e"a, %e"$+a/a& +a/a&+$ka& 5ase #sal&'a ,a" a" #e&a, $a% 'a& #e"$%aka& "eaks ska.

1.2. FungsiA%lkas %e#asa&a& "eak!" ,ala# sse# e&aa ls"k %a,a %"&s%&'a $&$k#e#+e&$k s$a$ "eaka&s &,$k5 ,e&a& $$a& e"e&$. 6e+e"a%a $$a&e"se+$ ,a&a"a&'a a,ala/ #e#+aas a"$s a&$a&* #e#+aas a"$s &"$s/

%a,a #!!" ,a& ka%as!"* #e&'a"& /a"#!&sa* #e&k!#%e&sas 7AR*#e&$"a& a"$s "%%le* #e&ea/ #as$k&'a ,a'a %e#+aa s&al (+l!k& !5%!e"-l&e a""e")* %e&a&a/a& k &e"al* %e"e,a# s$"a "a&se& (,a#%& !5s/& "a&se&)* #e"e,$ks 8ke" %a,a a%lkas a&$" ls"k* "$ ,e$&&*%e&'e#+a& +e+a& ,a&%!e" !&,!&&. U&$k #e#%e"#$,a/ ,e&kas*%a,a $#$#&'a %e&a#aa& "eak!" ,ses$aka& ,e&a& $$a& %e#asa&a&&'aaa$ l!kas ,#a&a %e"alaa& e"se+$ e"%asa&.1.. :e&sT%e Reak!"Reak!" e"," ,a" %e ke"& (,"' '%e) ,a& %e e"e&,a# #&'ak (!l##e"se,). 6e",asa"ka& e&s k!&s"$ks&'a* "eak!" %e ke"& e"," ,a" &$,a"a (a"-!"e) aa$ & +es ("!&-!"e). D #asa la#%a$* k!&s"$ks "eak!" %eke"&* & $,a"a /a&'a +e"+e&$k !%e&-s'le* +ela& e"%asa& !le/ sse#

la#%& #eka&s ,a& le3el s!las ,+e"ka& !le/ a"ak $,a"a a&a" lla&.Reak!" %e ke"& & $,a"a ,esa& saa & #e#lk +ela& 'a& e"+$&k$ssea"a %e&$/ ,e&a& s!las +ela& ,+e"ka& !le/ l#* +e"* aa$ ,elek"ke&a#el

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaksi_kimiahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaksi_kimiahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaksi_nuklirhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisikahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panashttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasehttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaksi_kimiahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaksi_kimiahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaksi_nuklirhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisikahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panashttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fase


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D"' T'%e "ea!" Ol I##e"se Rea!"

D #asa lal$* "eak!"-"eak!" %e ke"& & $,a"a (ek&!l! k$#%a"a& !%e&-s'le) ,+aas %a,a %e&e"a%a&-%e&e"a%a& kelas ea&a& ,s"+$s. Reak!"-"eak!" %e ke"& & $,a"a #!,e"& (e"+$&k$s sea"a %e&$/ ,e&a& +ela&'a& e"s!las ,elek"k %a,a) ,$&aka& $&$k kesel$"$/a& ea&a&,s"+$s ,a& "a&s#s* e"#as$k ea&a& & ,a& ea&a& eks"a &"a&s#s a"$s +!lak-+alk ("eak!" se") ,a& sse# H7D; ("eak!" le" a"$s+!lak-+alk ,a& a"$s sea"a/* s#!!/& "ea!").

S#!!/& Rea!"


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Maa# - Maa# Reak!"

Reak!" e"+a #e&a, 2 'a$ <

1. Reaktor kimia* ,ak a,a %e"$+a/a& #assa sela#a "eaks,a& /a&'a +e"$+a/ ,a" sa$ +a/a& ke +a/a& la&.

2. Reaktor nuklir* a,a %e"$+a/a& #assa 'a& +e"$+a/ a,e&e" 'a& sa&a +esa".

A Reaktor kimia +e",asa"ka& prosesnya a,a 'a$ <

1. Reaktor Batch* ,ak a,a #assa #as$k ,a& kel$a" sela#a

"eaks. :a, +a/a& ,#as$kka&* ,"eakska& +e+e"a%a ak$ /a" ("es,e&e #e) ,a& ,kel$a"ka& se+aa %"!,$k ,a&sela#a %"!ses ,ak a,a $#%a&-%"!,$k #e&al". ;!&!/ <5e"#e&as %e#+$aa& alk!/!l.

6a/ Rea!"

Umumnya igunakan <

= >ase a"

= Skala %"!ses 'a& kel

= Me&!+a %"!ses +a"$ 'a& +el$# se%e&$/&'a ,ke#+a&ka&

= Me#%"!,$ks %"!,$k 'a& #a/al

= P"!ses-%"!ses 'a& s$l ,$+a/ #e&a, %"!ses k!&&'$

= :ka +a/a& aa$ /asl&'a %e"l$ %e#+e"s/a&

= P"!ses #e#e"l$ka& ak$ la#a

Keuntungannya <= Le+/ #$"a/

= Le+/ #$,a/ %e&!%e"asa& ,a& %e&!&"!la& (%e&a#+a/a&+a/a& %e" 3!l$#e)

Kerugiannya


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= Pe&e&,ala& s$/$ +e"#asala/

= Le+/ +a&'ak %eke"a* ka"e&a ,%e"l$ka& $k %e&aasa&k!&,s ? %"!se,$" ' +e"$+a/ e"$s ,a" aal sa#%a ak/"

= T,ak +ak $k 5ase as* ka"e&a "e&a& +!!" %a,a #as$ka&

%e&a,$k&'a= T,ak e5ek5 $k skala +esa" ka"e&a ak$ 'a& la#a (,ak%"!,$k5)

2. Reaktor Kontinyu* %"!ses $#%a& ,a& %"!,$k #e&al"sea"a e"$s-#e&e"$s.

Keuntungannya <= Ala le+/ kel ,a& #$"a/

= 6a/a& ' ,!la/ le+/ se,k s/ "esk! ke"$saka& +a/a& le+/kel

= K!&,s !%e"as le+/ se"aa#

= P"!,$k se"aa#

= Pe&$"a&a& +a'a %e" sa$a& %"!,$ks* ka"e&a %"!ses ,ala#ka%asas kel2

= 6a'a !%e"as ? &3esas "e&,a/

= Pe&e&,ala& k!&,s !%e"as 'a& #$,a/

A,a 2 "eak!" k!&&'$ <= !i"e Flo# Reactor $!FR%* "eak!" a&k +e"%e&a,$k,#a&a $#%a& #as$k* ,%"!ses +e+e"a%a ak$ ("es,e&e#e) lal$ %"!,$k kel$a". 6asa&'a "eak!" e&s & ,s$s$&%a"alel se/&a #e#%$&'a ka%asas 'a& +esa" ,a& ese&ak$.

Keuntungannya <= S$/$ ? a#%$"a& ,ala# "eak!" sa#a (/!#!e&) ka"e&a%e&a,$ka&

= Pe&!&"!la& s$/$ #$,a/ se/&a k!&,s !%e"as 'a&s!e"#al +sa e"%e&$/


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Kerugiannya <= U&$k 3!l$#e ' sa#a k!&3e"s le+/ "e&,a/ ,a"%a,a P>R

= T,ak +ak $k 5ase as ka"e&a "e&a& +!!"

Plug Flo# Reactor $PFR)* "eak!" al" %%a* ,#a&a $#%a&#as$k %a,a #as$ka& %%a* e"a, "eaks se%a&a& %%a lal$kel$a". K!&3e"s se#ak& la#a se#ak& & , se%a&a&%%a. ;!&!/ %e"!k#a* %e"a#&a

Umumnya igunakan <=>ase as ,e&a& eka&a& ,a& s$/$ &

Keuntungannya <=K!&3e"s ' $k$% & ,+a&,& M>R

=Wak$ ' "ela5 le+/ s&ka

Kerugiannya <=Pe"aaa& 'a& #a/al

=Me#e"l$ka& ak$ $k k!&,s sea,' sae

. Reaktor semi&'atch

Maa#-#aa# "eak!" la&&'a a,ala/ <1. Packe Be Reactor $PBR% atau Fi"e Be Reactor


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- Te"," ,a" sa$ aa$ le+/ $+es %ake, ,e&a& %a"kel

kaals* +e"!%e"as %a,a %!ss 3e"kal

- 6e"!%e"as a,a+as

Keuntungannya <=6a'a !%e"as ,a& %e"aaa& #$"a/ ,+a&,& >6R

=6sa ,$&aka& , s$/$ ,a& eka&a& &

=6sa ,!%e"aska& ,e&a& ak$ &al 'a& +e"3a"as

Kerugiannya <=S$l ,ala# %e&aaa& ,s"+$s al"a& ' se"aa#

=6e, ' kel le+/ e5ek5 ka"e&a &e"&al a"ea 'a& +esa" a%%"ess$"e ,"!% &

=Ree&e"as +e, s$l ,lak$ka& ka"e&a e&,e"$& %e"#a&e&

2. Fluii(e Be Reactor $FBR%


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- Reak!" , +e, e"a&ka !le/ as "eaka&- >$&s $k #e#%"e,kska& %e&$"$&a& k!&3e"s %a,a%e&a#%$"a& , ,ala# "eak!"

- :$#la/ +e, le+/ se,k ,a"%a,a P6R

- L$as %e"#$kaa& le+/ +esa" ,a"%a,a P6R- 6e"!%e"as s!e"#al

Keuntungannya )

= S$/$ k!&sa& s/ #$,a/ ,k!&"!l

= Ree&e"as +e, ' #$,a/

= Reaks&'a #e#lk e5ek %a&as 'a& &

Kekurangannya <= 6sa #e&'e+a+ka& kea$sa& ,&,& "eak!" ka"e&a e"aka&+e, ' e"$s-#e&e"$s +e"eseka& , ,&,&

= Ka"e&a +e"e"ak e"$s-#e&e"$s ,a& a&a" +e, +e"eseka&*+sa #e&'e+a+ka& %a"kel +e, #e&el ,a& e"k$ kel$a" s+%"!,$k. Se/&a %e"l$ ,a#+a/ka& 'l!&e se%a"a!".

2. *pray To#er

Ala 'a& ,$&aka& $k a+s!"+s as* e"," ,a" !e" k!s!&,a& sa$ se &!@@le $k #e&'e#%"!ka& a"a&.

B.Berasarkan BentuknyaReaktor Alir Pipa

Reak!" al" %%a ,ese+$ ,eal ka @a-@a %e"eaks ,a&/asl "eaks #e&al" ,e&a& kee%aa& 'a& sa#a ,sel$"$/%e#a#%a& %%a. D "eak!" k!#%!ss * s$/$ ,a& eka&a&,sel$"$/ %e&a#%a& "eak!" selal$ sa#a. Pe"+e,aa&


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k!#%!ss* s$/$ ,a& eka&a& /a&'a e"a, , se%a&a&,&,& "eak!". Reak!" e&s & +a&'ak ,$&aka& ,ala#&,$s" ,e&a& @a %e"eaks aa$ "eaka& +e"$%a 5ase as aa$a" ,e&a& ka%asas %"!,$ks 'a& $k$% +esa".

Reak!" a&k ,eal a,ala/ +la %e&a,$ka& se#%$"&a*se/&a k!#%!ss ,a& s$/$ , ,ala# "eak!" sea% saaselal$ $&5!"#. Da%a , %aka $&$k %"!ses +a/* se# +aa/,a& %"!ses al"

Reaktor BatchReak!" +a/ a,ala/ e#%a e"a,&'a s$a$ "eaks k#a

$&al* 'a$ "eaks +e"la&s$& ,e&a& /a&'a sa$%e"sa#aa& la$ "eaks 'a& +e"%asa&a& ,e&a& %e"sa#aa&

kese#+a&a& ,a& s!k!#e".Reak!" & +asa&'a sa&a!!k $&$k %!k,$ks +e"ka%asas kel.Reak!" al" a,a ,$a e&s 'a$< Reaktor Alir Tangki Berpengauk Reak!" Al" Ta&k 6e"%e&a,$k ( RAT6 ) #e"$%aka& "eak!"

'a& %al& se"& ,$#%a ,ala# &,$s" k#a. Pa,a &,$s"+e"skala +esa" %e&!%e"asa& "eak!" al" a&k +e"%e&a,$k#el%$ a a/a% 'a$ %e&sa& "eak!" & !3e"8!*k!&,s k!&&'$ ,a& k!&&'$ sea,' sae. E3al$as 3a"a+el-

3a"a+el !%e"as sa&a #$,a/ ,lak$ka& %a,a k!&,s sea,'sae. Reak!" Al" Ta&k 6e"%e&a,$k ( RAT6 ) & ,%a&aska&

+ak #e&$&aka& ss# e"$$% , ,ala# a&kaa$ ake 'a& #e&ell& a&k. Pa,a a&k %e&a#%$"'a& ,$&aka& %a,a "eak!" k#a* ,$a 8$,a aa$ le+/,"eakska& +e"sa#a $&$k #e&/aslka& s$a$ 8$,a 'a&+e"+e,a ,a" 8$,a se+el$#&'a. Reaks & e"a, %a,ae#%e"a$" e"e&$ 'a& /a"$s ,%e"a/a&ka& ea% +esa"&'aaa$ k!&sa&s aa" ,a%a ,/aslka& e#%e"a$" ,a& e&s 8$,akel$a"a& 'a& ,&&ka&.

Reaktor Alir Pipa Reak!" al" %%a ,ese+$ ,eal ka @a-@a %e"eaks ,a&

/asl "eaks #e&al" ,e&a& kee%aa& 'a& sa#a ,sel$"$/%e#a#%a& %%a. D "eak!" k!#%!ss * s$/$ ,a& eka&a&,sel$"$/ %e&a#%a& "eak!" selal$ sa#a. Pe"+e,aa&k!#%!ss* s$/$ ,a& eka&a& /a&'a e"a, , se%a&a&,&,& "eak!". Reak!" e&s & +a&'ak ,$&aka& ,ala#


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&,$s" ,e&a& @a %e"eaks aa$ "eaka& +e"$%a 5ase as aa$a" ,e&a& ka%asas %"!,$ks 'a& $k$% +esa".

Reaktor *emi Batch Pa"a "eak!" +a/ se# #$&k& a,ala/ e&s'a& %al&se"& "eak!" ,ala# &,$s" k#a*e"$a#a ,a+a& k#a /al$s* , la+!"a!"$# k#a !"a&k ,a&,ala# %"!ses +!ek&!l!.M!3as $&$k Me&$&aka& Se#-6a/ Reak!" 1. K!&"!l k!&se&"as "eaka& $&$k#e&&kaka& selek3a "eaks.

2. Pe&a#+a/a& "eaks se,k ,e# se,k $&$k

#e&!&"!l ,s"+$s k!#%!ss %"!,$k(e. %!l#e"sas). . K!&"!l %"!,$ks %a&as "eaks ("eaks eks!e"#). 4. H&,a" !kssas s$+s"a$&$k #e#%"!,$ks !"a&s#e aa$ e&@# 'a& e"s!las. . Pe&/a%$sa& %"!,$k $&$k #e&&kaka& k!&3e"s ,a&selek3as. B. H&,a" ak$#$las #e#+e" "eaks

e"/a,a% ,ek!#%!ss e"#al.C. S#$laska& %"!,$ks +e"kela&$a& e"$a#a$&$k skala kel Dala# k!&"as'a& #e&e$ka&* "eak!" +a/ se# a,ala/ 'a&%al& ,+a/as ,ala# k#a ,a& +!k#a &,$s". Alasa& $a#a+a%e"+e,aa& & a,ala/ kes$la& ,ala# #e&,a%aka& s!l$sa&als ,a" %e"sa#aa& ,5e"e&sal 'a&#e&a#+a"ka& s$a$ e&s "eak!". Sela& $* , "eak!" se#-+a/ seala&'a +asa&'a +e"3a"as* k!&se&"as* s$/$ ,a&3!l$#e. Me!,!l! 'a& ka# $&aka& ,ala#

Te&$ saa* +aa#a&a%$&* #e#+e"ka& %e&,ekaa& 'a& l$"$ske ,e%a& $&$k s!l$s ,a" #asala/ &. #$la ,a" +a/a& ,asa",a& #e&'e#+a&ka& e&e"*s!l$s ,a" %e"sa#aa&,5e"e&sal 'a& #e&a$" #$,a/ ,%e"!le/ ,e&a&&e"as &$#e"k* #sal&'a #e&$&aka& 6e"kele'Ma,!&&a. Ala e"se+$ $a #e#$&k&ka& l$"$s ke ,e%a&!%#as %"!l #aka&.

c.Berasarkan Keaan Operasinya Reaktor +sotermal


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Reak!" Is!e"#al a,ala/ ka $#%a& aa$ 8$,a 'a& #as$k,a& e"a#%$" ,ala# "eak!" #aka al"a& 8$,a 'a& kel$a",a" "eak!" selal$ se"aa# ,a& +e"s$/$ sa#aReaktor Aia'atis

Reak!" A,a+as a,ala/ ,ak a,a %e"%&,a/a& %a&as a&a"a"ea!" ,e&a& sekell&&'a. D&a$ ,a" se !%e"as!&al&'a*"ea!" a,a+a 'a& %al& se,e"/a&a* $k$% ,e&a&#e&'eka "ea!"* se/&a ,ak a,a %a&as 'a& /la& kesekell&&'a.Reaktor Fi"e BeReak!" >e, 6e, a,ala/ "eak!" ,e&a& #e&$&aka& kaals%a,a 'a& ,a# ,a& @a %e"eaks +e"5ase as. 6$"a&-+$"a&kaalsa!" 'a& +asa ,%aka ,ala# "eak!" e, +e, a,ala/

kaalsa!" 'a& +e"l$+a& , +aa& e&a/* ka"e&a l$as%e"#$kaa& %e"sa$a& +e"a le+/ +esa" ka ,+a&,&ka&,e&a& +$"a& kaalsa!" +e"+e&$k sl&,e"* ,a& al"a& asle+/ la&a".Reaktor Fluii(e Be Reak!" >l$,@e, 6e, a,ala/ e&s "eak!" k#a 'a& ,a%a,$&aka& $&$k #e"eakska& +a/a& ,ala# kea,aa& +a&'ak5asa. Reak!" e&s & #e&$&aka& 8$,a (a"a& aa$ as)'a& ,al"ka& #elal$ kaals %a,aa& (+asa&'a +e"+e&$k

+$"a&-+$"a& kel) ,e&a& kee%aa& 'a& $k$% se/&akaals aka& e"!lak se,e#ka& "$%a ,a& ak/"&'a kaalse"se+$ ,a%a ,a&al!ka& se+aa 8$,a $a6$''le Tank 6$++le Ta&k a,ala/ e&s "eak!" k#a 'a& ,a%a ,$&aka&$&$k #e"eakska& +a/a& ,ala# kea,aa& +a&'ak 5asa. Reak!"

e&s & #e&$&aka& 8$,a (a"a& aa$ as) 'a& ,al"ka&#elal$ kaals %a,aa& (+asa&'a +e"+e&$k +$"a&-+$"a&kel) ,e&a& kee%aa& 'a& $k$% se/&a kaals aka&e"!lak se,e#ka& "$%a ,a& ak/"&'a kaals e"se+$ ,a%a,a&al!ka& se+aa 8$,a $a.Agitate Tank Aae Ta&k a,ala/ ,$&aka& $&$k #e&'e,aka& "ese"3!"%e&'#%a&a& $&$k +a/ a#%$"a& ,a" #e" kee%aa&ese" &.

Ta 5$&s $a#a ,a" Aae Ta&k <1. Pe"sa#aa& ele#+$& $,a"a e"e+ak sela#a %"!ses%e&a#%$"a&.


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2. Aae +e"&,k se+aa "ese"3!" %e&'#%a&a& $&$k+a/ a#%$"a& 'a& #e#$&k&ka& kela&s$&a&%e&'e,aa& ,%e"a/a&ka& $&$k %!#%a.. Aae ,a" ,a'$& k/$s$s +e+e&$k #e&aa a#%$"a&

,ala# s$s%e&s se+el$# %e#!#%aa&.*pray To#er S%"a' T!e" a,ala/ %e"a&ka k!&"!l e"$a#a ,$&aka&$&$k %e&k!&,sa& as ( %e&,&& ,a& %ele#+a+ ) aa$$&$k a/a% %e"a#a aa$ %e&/a%$s %a"kel as. Me"eka $a,$&aka& , +a&'ak as e"!#+&!& ,es$l5$"sas sse#$&$k #&$"a& %e&$#%$ka& %l$& ,a& skala !le/ %!l$a&

. Berasarkan ReaksiReaktor Untuk Reaksi ,eterogen

1 Reaktor Unggun Diam (Fixed Bed Reactor)>e, 6e, Rea!" kaalk ,a%a ,,e&ska& se+aa s$a$ $+e

sl&,"kal 'a& ,a%a ,s ,e&a& %a"kel-%a"kel kaals. Sela#a!%e"as* as aa$ l$, aa$ ke,$a&'a aka& #elea $+e ,a&%a"kel-%a"kel kaals* se/&a aka& e"a, "eaks. >e, +e, "ea!"a,ala/ "eak!" 'a& ,ala# %"!ses&'a #e#%$&'a %"&s% ke"a

%e&!&aka& la&s$& a&a"a %e"eaka& ,e&a& %a"kel-%a"kelkaals. >e, +e, "ea!" +asa&'a ,$&aka& $&$k $#%a&(%e"eaka&) 'a& #e#%$&'a 3sk!sas kel.Kele+/a& >e, 6e, Rea!"F Da%a ,$&aka& $&$k #e"eakska& ,$a #aa# as sekal$sF Ka%asas %"!,$ks $k$% &F Pe#akaa& ,ak e"+aas %a,a k!&,s "eaks e"e&$ (eks!e"#aa$ e&,!e"#) se/&a %e#akaa& le+/ 8eks+elF Al"a& 8$,a #e&,eka %l$ 8!* se/&a ,a%a ,%e"!le/ /aslk!&3e"s 'a& &F P"ess$"e ,"!% "e&,a/

F Ole/ ka"e&a a,a&'a /!l,-$% 'a& &* #aka #e&/aslka&%e&a#%$"a& "a,al 'a& le+/ +ak ,a& ,ak ,e#$ka& %e#+e&$ka&sal$"a& (/a&&el&)F Pe#as!ka& kaals %e" $& 3!l$# "eak!" +esa"F H!l, $% l$, &F Kaals +e&a"-+e&a" ,+asa/F K!&"!l e#%e"a$"e le+/ +akF T"a&s5e" #assa as-l$, le+/ & ,a"%a,a "eak!" "kle +e,ka"e&a &e"aks as-l$, le+/ +esa"Kek$"a&a& >e, 6e, Rea!"F "essa&s ,5$s &"a %a"kel sa&a +esa"F "ae "a&s5e" #assa ,a& "a&s5e" %a&as "e&,a/

F %e#&,a/a& kaals sa&a s$l ,a& #e#e"l$ka& s/$ ,!& alaF k!&3e"s le+/ "e&,a/


13/24

F a,a ke#$&k&a& e"a, "eaks sa#%& /!#!e& %a,a l$,F %"ess$"e ,"!% &6e&$k >e, 6e, "ea!" ,a%a ,+a #e&a, <1. S&le 6e,

Se+aa %e&'a&a kaalsa!" ,%aka +$"-+$" al$#$&a (+e"s5a&e" e"/a,a% @a %e"eaks) ,a& %a,a ,asa" "ea!" ,s$s$& ,a" +$"'a& +esa" #ak& keaas #ak& kel* ea% %a,a +aa& aaskaalsa!" ,s$s$& ,a" +$" kel #ak& keaas #ak& +esa".2. M$l $+e

Kaalsa!" ,s le+/ ,a" sa$ $#%$k kaalsa!"* e, +e, ,e&a&kaalsa!" le+/ ,a" sa$ $#%$k +a&'ak ,%aka ,ala# %"!sesa,a+a. :ka "eaks 'a& e"a, sa&a eks!e"#s %a,a k!&3e"s'a& #as/ kel s$/$ as s$,a/ &ak sa#%a le+/ & ,a" s$/$#aks#$# 'a& ,%e"+!le/ka& $&$k kaalsa!"* #aka as /a"$s ,,&&ka& e"le+/ ,a/$l$ ke,ala# ala %e&$ka" %a&as ,l$a" "ea!"$&$k , ,&&ka& ,a& sela&$&'a ,al"ka& ke#+al ke "eak!" #elal$$#%$ka& kaalsa!" ke,$a* ka k!&3e"s as 'a& kel$a" ,a"

$#%$ka& ke,$a +el$# #e&a%a 'a& ,"e&a&aka&* ea% s$/$ ass$,a/ le+/ & ,a" 'a& ,%e"+!le/ka& #aka ,lak$ka&%e&,&&a& la ,e&a& #e&al"ka& as kea la %e&$ka" %a&as ke,$ake#$,a& , ke#+alka& ke "ea!" 'a& #as$k #elal$ $#%$ka&kaalsa!" kea ,a& see"$s&'a sa#%a ,%e"!le/ k!&3e"s 'a&,&&ka&. :ka "eaks +e"s5a e&,!e"#s #aka %e&$ka" %a&as ,l$a""ea!" ,a%a ,$&aka& $&$k %e#a&as as "eaks.

S#+!l "eak!" $&$& ,a#

2 Reaktor Unggun Terfuidakan (Fluidized Bed Reactor)>l$,@e, 6e, Rea!" a,ala/ a,ala/ e&s "eak!" k#a 'a& ,a%a,$&aka& $&$k #e"eakska& +a/a& ,ala# kea,aa& +a&'ak 5asa.Reak!" e&s & #e&$&aka& 8$,a (a"a& aa$ as) 'a& ,al"ka&#elal$ kaals %a,aa& (+asa&'a +e"+e&$k +$"a&-+$"a& kel)

,e&a& kee%aa& 'a& $k$% se/&a kaals aka& e"!lakse,e#ka& "$%a ,a& ak/"&'a kaals e"se+$ ,a%a ,a&al!ka&


14/24

se+aa 8$,a $a. P"!ses &* ,&a#aka& 8$,as. >l$,@e, 6e,Reak!" ,a%a ,$&aka& $&$k %e&a#%$"a& ,a& %e#sa/a& a&a"5asa. Kele+/a&<F Te"a,&'a "ee&e"as sea"a k!&&'$.F Reaks&'a #e#lk e5ek %a&as 'a& &.F S$/$&'a k!&sa& se/&a #$,a/ ,k!&"!l.Kek$"a&a&<F Pa"kel #e&ala# kea$sa& 'a& ,a%a #e&'e+a+ka&#e&el&'a $k$"a& %a"kel 'a& +e"a,a , ,ala# "eak!" ,a& k$#e&al" +e"sa#a al"a& as se/&a %e"l$ ,$&aka& ala 'l!&ese%a"a!"s ,a& al"a& ls"k 'a& ,sa#+$&ka& %a,a a"s a&a"a"eak!" ,a& e&e"a!".F A,a&'a %e&&kaa& kea+"as3a& ,#a&a %e&'e+a+&'a a,ala/%a"kel %a,a , ,ala# %"!ses "ak& %a,a 8$,@e, +e,.F T,ak #e#%$&'a 8eks+las e"/a,a% %e"$+a/a& %a&as.F Ra&a&-6a&$& k!#%leks se/&a +a'a #a/al

F a"a& ,$&aka& , (,ala#) la+!"a!"$#Ka%a& ala & ,$&aka&F Pa"kel 8$,@e, sa&a kelF K!&se&"as &"a %a"kel ,a& "a,e& e#%e"a$"&'a ,a+aka&F Keka e"a, "ee&e"as kaals ,a& "eaks&'a #e#lk e5ek %a&as'a& &. 6asa&'a ,a#ee" "eak!" 10-0 5.F Reak!" ,#a&a kaals&'a e"a&ka !le/ al"a& as "eaka&.F O%e"as&'a< s!e"#al.F Pe"+e,aa& ,e&a& >e, +e,< %a,a >l$,@e, +e, $#la/ kaalsle+/ se,k ,a& kaals +e"e"ak ses$a kee%aa& al"a& as 'a&#as$k se"a #e#+e"ka& l$as %e"#$kaa& 'a& le+/ +esa"

S#+!l "eak!" $&$& e"8$,aka&

Pa,a $#$#&'a* ,$&a &,$s"#elak$ka& %"!ses ,e&a&#e&$&aka& "eak!" - "eak!"/ee"!e& .Reak!" /ee"!e& aa$"eak!" #$l5asa a,ala/ "eak!"'a& ,$&aka& $&$k#e"eakska& k!#%!&e&-k!#%!&e&le+/ ,a" sa$ 5asa ,a& #&#ale",a%a 2 5asa.


15/24

S$a$ "eaks #e#e"l$ka& ak$ 'a& $k$% %a&a& $&$k #e&a%akese#+a&a&.Ole/ ka"e&a $*,+$$/ka& s$a$ kaals 'a& +e"$&a$&$k #e#%e"e%a kese#+a&a& s$a$ "eaks. Dala# %e#l/a& kaals/e&,ak&'a ,ak #e&$&aka& kaals 'a& s$l ,e#$ka& aa$ 'a&/a"a&'a #a/al ka"e&a /al e"se+$ #e&'e+a+ka& +a'a %"!ses #e&a,

#a/al . Ka"e&a 5$&s&'a 'a& sa&a %e&&* #aka %e&$&aa& kaals#e&a, ke+$$/a& 'a& sa&a %e&& ,ala# +e"+aa &,$s".Ke+$$/a& aka& kaals ,ala# +e"+aa %"!ses &,$s" e&,e"$&#e&ala# %e&&kaa&. Hal & e"a, ka"e&a %"!ses k#a 'a&#e&$&aka& kaals e&,e"$& le+/ ek!&!#s.

Reak!"-"eak!" 'a& $#$#&'a #e"$%aka& s$a$ "eak!" ,e&a& kaals%a,aa& a,ala/ Fixed-Bed Reactor *Fluidized-Bed Reactor *slurry reactor,a& riser !ed.Te",a%a +a&'ak &,$s"' 'a& #e&$&aka&"eak!"-"eak!" &*!&!/&'a %a,a %e#+$aa& +a/a& +aka" ele#e& &$kl",a& %"!,$ks "ig" !ulk density .

>e,-+e, "eak!" a,ala/ e&s 'a& %al& %e&& ,a" "eak!"-"eak!"'a& ela/ a,a $&$k ,a%a #e&$&a& s&ess k#a. Dala# s$a$"eak!" * "eaks +e"la&s$& ,e&a& kaals /ee"!e& %a,a %e"#$kaa&kaals 'a& ,s$s$& se+aa %%a ,ala# "eak!" . Sela& s&ess k#a'a& +e"/a"a * "eak!" e,-+e, se#ak& se"& ,$&aka& ,ala#+e+e"a%a &,$s" %e&& 'a& #e&$&$kka& %e"a& 3al%e&$&aa&&'a .

Pe"a&a& %e&& %e&$&aa& kaals ,ala# "eak!" &* se%e" !&!/#el$a%&'a #&'ak 'a& sa&a +esa" saa e"a,&'a %e"a& ,$&a ke -2 *

#e&elaska& +a/a %e&$k$"a& $k$"a& kaals /&a #e&a, se%e"+$+$k aka& #e#%e"+esa" l$as %e"#$kaa& ,a& #e#+$a s$a$ "eaks+e"ala& le+/ e%a.Ole/ ka"e&a $*,,a%aka& s$a$ es#as +a"$,e&a& #e&al"ka& s$a$ kaals & ke ,ala# al"a& $,a"a * aka&#e#+$a kaals +e"&,ak se%e" 8$,a.Reak!" 'a& +e"!%e"as se%e"e"se+$ #e"$%aka& >l$,@e,-6e, Reak!".

Pem'ahasan *ingkat an Prinsip -asar

Fluii(e Be Reactor $FBR% a,ala/ "eak!"kaalk 'a& #e&$&aka& kaals %a,a 'a&e"8$,saska&. >6R #e&$&aka& kaals 'a&+e"s5a /ee"!e&* kaals e"se+$ ,$&aka&,e&a& $#la/ 'a& $k$% +a&'ak ,a& ke#$,a&%a"kel kaals ,al"ka& ,e&a& kee%aa& 'a&$k$% & se/&a kaals e"se+$ ,a%a,a&al!ka& se%e" 8$,a (8$,sas). >l$,sas+e"$$a& aa" %e&a,$ka& aa$ %e&a#%$"a&$#%a& ,e&a& kaals +e"la&s$& ,ala# a%s$,$ "eak!".>6R #a#%$ #e&a#%$& +a&'ak

al"a& $#%a& ,a& kaals ,ala# %"!ses&'a * ka"e&a %a,a $#$#&'a >6R+e"$k$"a& sa&a +esa".


16/24

Kaals %a,a >6R +asa&'a +e"+e&$k %a,aa&* +asa&'a 'er'entuk seperti pasir. Uk$"a& kaals %a,a >6R +asa&'a 'erukuran 1&/microns* ,e&a& $$a& aa" %a"kel kaals ,a%a #$,a/ ,8$,saska&.A%a+la $k$"a& kaals 'a& ,$&aka& e"lal$ +esa" %a"kel aka& s$l,8$,saska& ,se+a+ka& #assa kaals 'a& e"lal$ +e"a * se/&a

kaals ,ak ,a%a #e&al" saa $#%a& aa$ "eaka& ,al"ka&. .

6e"k$ #e"$%aka& !&!/ !&!/ $k$"a& +e+e"a%a kaals %a,aa& <

Pe#l/a& %e+e&$k ,a& $k$"a& kaals 'a& kel"$ %a,a "ea!" +e"kaals%a,aa& aka& #e&'e+a+ka& c"anelling . S$a$ k!l!# aka& #e&ala#8$,asas ,e&a& +ak +la +e, 'a& a,a ,ala# k!l!# e"se+$ ,ak#e&ala# c"anneling .+e"k$ #e"$%aka& se,k %e&elasa& #e&e&ac"anelling <

• Channeling

;/a&&el& a,ala/ k!&,s a+&!"#al 'a& ,e#$ %a,a %"!ses 8$,sas*'a$ ka"ake" al"a& a+&!"#al 'a& ,$&$kka& ,e&a& e"+e&$k&'aal"a& kel ,a" l$, 'a& +e"a,a ,a&a"a $#%$ka& +e,. Hal &,se+a+ka& ka"e&a al"a& 8$,a 'a& #elea $#%$ka& +e, e"se+$e"lal$ +esa".K!&,s c"anneling %a,a "ea!" ,a& regenerator #xed !edaka& s$l $&$k +sa ke#+al ,a" k!&,s minimum fuidization state ke#xed !ed state #esk%$& al"a& ,a" 8$,a ela/ ,k$"a&.

$am!ar % Ti&ikal kondisi c"anneling &ada!ed &adatan

T#+$l&'a c"anneling %a,a s$a$%"!ses a%lkas 8$,sas sa&a+e"%e&a"$/ %a,a /asl "eaks.Ak+a ,a" c"anneling #akake%a,aa& ,a" s$a$ +e, ,ak/!#!e&. Ka"e&a a,a se+aa&,a" kaals 'a& ,ak #e&ala#k!&ak sea"a +ak ,e&a& 8$,ase/&a /asl 'a& ,%e"!le/ ,ak!%#al. Sela& $* aka& e"a,ke,akse"aa#a& $k$"a& kaals


17/24

'a& ela/ #e&ala# k!&ak,e&a& 8$,a.


18/24

E5ek la&&'a 'a& #+$l a,ala/ e"a,&'a %e"+e,aa& 'a& +esa" a&a"a locals&ace 'elocity , ,ala# +e, ,e&a& o'er all s&ace 'elocity 'a& ela/,"e&a&aka&. Ak+a %e"+e,aa& ,a" s&ace 'elocity 'a& +esa" & #aka aka&#+$l %e"$+a/a& s$/$ 'a& ,ak #e&e&$ 'a& ak/"&'a +e"%e&a"$/ %a,a$sa kaals 'a& %e&,ek.aa$ ,l$a" 'a& ela/ ,"e&a&aka&. Pa,a %"!sescar!on !urn o , "ee&e"a!"* $#$#&'a #e#e"l$ka& ak$ 'a& la#a. Pa,a%"!ses &* e#%e"a$" /a"$s ,k!&"!l ,e&a& +e&a" 'a$ %a,a +aa& reactor inlet e#%e"a$"e ,aa a&a"a C00 C0 > ,a& %a,a +aa& reactor outlet e#%e"a$"e ,aa #aks#al 0 !> . 6la e#%e"a$" ,ak ,aa %a,a +aas#aks#al&'a #aka aka& e"a, ke"$saka& %a,a kaals* kaals aka& ,aksa+l se/&a lietime&'a +e"k$"a&.

Pa,a %"!ses 'a& ,ak #el+aka& "eaks* se%e" %a,a %"!ses %e&e"&a&%a,aa&* 'a& #a&a %a,a %"!ses & /a&'a e"a, mass trans0er* k!&ak'a& ,ak /!#!e& aka& #e&ak+aka& ke,akese&a& ,ala# !%e"as&'a

,a& aka& #e#+$$/ka& ,es& %e"alaa& 'a& le+/ +esa".

Kee&,e"$&a& $&$k e"a, c"anneling %a,a +e, s!l, $#$#&'a ,a%a,&,kas ,e&a& "e&,a/&'a %"ess$"e ,"!% sela#a %"!ses 8$,sas+e"la&s$&. Pe"+e,aa& %"ess$"e ,"!% sea"a e!" ,a& %"ess$"e ,"!% /asl%e&a#aa& ,la%a&a& ,a%a ,$&aka& se+aa !lak $k$" aal $&$k#e&,$a a,a&'a c"anneling , +e, 6e+e"a%a 5ak!" 'a& #e&'e+a+ka&e"a,&'a c"anneling* 'a$ a&a"a la& <

1. S@e Ds"+$!& ($k$"a& %a,aa& kaals)

2. S/a%e a&, De&s' !5 S!l, (+e&$k ,a& ,e&sas ,a" %a,aa& kaals)

. ;/a#+e" Da#ee" (,a#ee" "$a& e"a,&'a 8$,sas)

4. Des& !5 as-&le ,e3e

. M!s$"e !&e& !5 /e s!l,

*"anneling e"a, %a,a +e, kaals s'&/es %a,a %"!ses "ak& 'a&#e#lk $k$"a& k$"a& ,a" 10 #"!& ,e&a& kee%aa& ae"as sa#%a,e&a& 1 5%s (5ee, %e"se!&,). U&$k #ae"al 'a& sa#a* a% $k$"a&#ae"al&'a 2 #"!& ,a& ,e&a& kee%aa& 'a& sa#a* aka& #e#+e&$ka"ea kel +e"+e&$k +!la. Pa,a saa $k$"a& #ae"al ,&kaka& #e&a,40 #"!&* 8$,sas a&%a a,a&'a c"anneling +e"la&s$& %a,a saakee%aa& as 0*01 5%s. Hal & #e&$&$kka& +a/a $k$"a& ,a" %a,aa&kaals ,a& kee%aa& al"a& 8$,a #e#%e&a"$/ e"+e&$k aa$ ,ak&'ac"anneling %a,a +e, saa %"!ses 8$,sas +e"la&s$&.


19/24

Fi"e Be Reactor atau Packe Be Reactor$PBR% #e&$&aka& kaals /ee"!e& se%e" /al&'a>6R * &a#$& kaals 'a& ,$&aka& ,ak,8$,saska&* #ela&ka& kaals 'a& ,$&aka&,%a,aka& aa$ ,e&a& kaa la& ,ak e"%e&a"$/

!le/ a"$s ,a" $#%a& . P"!ses 'a& e"a, %a,a P6R#e"$%aka& ke+alka& ,a" %"!ses 'a& e"a, %a,a>6R. U#%a& aka& le+/ +a&'ak #elak$ka& k!&ak %a,akaals ka"e&a kaals #e&k$ a'a "a3asse/&a $#%a& /a"$s #elea ela/-ela/ 'a& a,a%a,a kaals. Dala# %e#l/a& kaals P6R a,a /al-/al'a& /a"$s ,%e"/aka&* se%e"<

1 U#$" ak5 kaals* #e"$%aka& la#a kaals 'a& ,a%a ,%aka se+el$#,"ee&e"as aa$ ,a& ,e&a& 'a& +a"$.

2 6e&$k ,a& $k$"a& kaals. Kaals 'a& ,$&aka& %a,a P6R +asa&'a

'er'entuk granular an 'erukuran 1& mm./ +ressure ,oss P"!ses %e&$&aa& kaals 'a& #e&al" %a,a &,$s"$#$#&'a #e&'e+a+ka& /la& eka&* /la&&'a eka&a& %a,a 8! s'se#'a& #e#+$a %!#%a aa$ !#%"ess!" +eke"a le+/ ke"as $&$k#e&/aslka& la$ 'a& ,&&ka&.

6asa&'a kaals 'a& ,$&aka& %a,a P6R #e"$%aka& a+$&a& ,a"se&'aa &kel* e#+aa* %la&$#* aa$ "/!,$#.6e"k$ #e"$%aka& !&!/ !&!/ e&s+e&$k +e+e"a%a kaals %a,aa& <

Aspek Teknis PengoperasianPerancangan


20/24

N!e >6;R < Fixed-Bed *atalytic Reactor

Pe"#+a&a& ka"ake"sk ,ala# %e#l/a& %a"kel ,a& kaals ,ala#

"eak!" Fixed-!ed reactor <• K!#%!ss k#a < ak3as kaals

• S5a-s5a ska < $k$"a& *+e&$k *,e&sas* ,a& %!"!sas

• 6e&$k kaals < sl&,e" *+!la *,a& %la

• 7!l$#e "eak!"

• De&sas !ulk

• R!&a kaals

Se,a&ka& ,ala# "eak!" fuidized-!ed * al"a& a"a& ,a"a/ka& #elal$%a"kel ,e&a& kee%aa& , aas J 8$,sas kee%aa& #&#$# J . I&

a,ala/ kee%aa& , #a&a %e&$"$&a& eka&a& sa#a ,e&a& +e"a %a"kel%e" $& %e"#$kaa& ,a& e"a&ka !le/ $&$&. T&ka %e&'elesaa& eesse+aa 5"aks %a,aa& %a,a !ed #e&&ka * ,a& ak+a&'a kee%aa&8$,sas #&#$# a$/ le+/ "e&,a/ ,a" kee%aa& %e&e&,a%a& %a"kel$&al . Desa& sse# se%e" ,ala# /al kee%aa& a"a& 'a& $k$% &,ak e"lal$ s$l * ea% ,ala# "eak!" e&s & $k$"a& ,a& ke%a,aa&a"ea aa$ %a"kel aka& e"a&$& %a,a %e"$#+$/a& ,a& k!&,s/,"!,&a#k 'a& sa&a s$l $&$k ,%"e,ks sea"a ak$"a . Pe"l$asa&aa$ kee%aa& 8$,sas #&#$# sa&a se&s5 e"/a,a% ,$a %a"a#ee"e"se+$ . Hal & #e&/aslka& s$a$ sse# 'a& k!#%leks ,a#+a/ ,ak#$,a/ ,elaska& sea"a ak$"a . Na#$&* ka %a"kel %e&,$k$& aak +e"a

,a& la&ka/-la&ka/ 'a& ,a#+l $&$k kee+ala& l# sa+l * !%e"as 'a&+ak ,a& ,esa& 'a& #$,a/ aka& #$&k& ,lak$ka& .Ole/ ka"e&a /ale"se+$ * %e"a&a&a& ,a%a ,lak$ka& ,e&a& a"a s$+s"a ,leaka&keaas #elal$ kaals sea"a ,&a#k ,e&a& kee%aa& 'a& $k$% &$&$k #e&a&ka %a"kel . Na#$&* kee%aa& ,ak /a"$s & se/&akaals ,a%a e"a&ka ,a" "eak!" sel$"$/&'a. Hal & #e&'e+a+ka&+e+e"a%a %e&a#%$"a& e"a&ka &ak 'a& e"l/a se%e" #!,el %s!& -al"a& ,ala# #xed-!ed reactor * ea% e"a, %e&a#%$"a& se#%$"&a


21/24

se%e" %a,a #!,el ;STR :e&s "eak!" & sa&a ,eal $&$k "eaks 'a&sa&a eks!e"# ka"e&a #e&/la&ka& "ot-s&ot 'a& e"+e&$k * ka"e&a#assa ,a& ka"ake"sk %e"%&,a/a& %a&as +e"ala& ,e&a& e%a ,a&e5ek5.

Ga#+a" 1

Se+$a/ "eak!" 8$,@e, -+e, e"," ,a" a+aa& $a#a (Ga#+a" 1 ) <

1 Te#%a #as$k as aa$ ,s"+$!" +aa& as8$,sas , +aa& +aa/* %a,a ,asa"&'a%ela l!a# +e"l$+a& 'a& #e#$&k&ka&#as$k&'a as #elal$ se$#la/ l$+a&

2 >l$,@e, - +e, se&," * e"ke$al !%e"as,ala# a,a+ak * e"#as$k %e"#$kaa&%e"%&,a/a& %a&as $&$k #e&!&"!l T

Pa,a +aa& 5"ee+!a", e"leak ,aas !ed*e",a%a "$a& k!s!& $&$k #e#$&k&ka&%ele%asa& %a"kel %a,a ,a" al"a& * %a,a+aa& e"se+$ ,a%a ,$&aka& skl!& $&$k#e#+a&$ ,ala# %e#sa/a& as - %a,a .

Se+$a/ #!,el "eak!" 8$,@e,-+e, #e&a+$&ka& #!,el /,"!,&a#kaele#+$& ,a& al"a& e#$ls. 6e"+aa #!,el /,"!,&a#k 'a& ,$&aka&se+aa #!,el "eak!" e"a&$& %a,a al"a& ,a& k!&,s %e&a#%$"a&,ala# !ed .

1 :ka "eaks sa&a la#+a * aa$ ak$ &al #elal$ e#%a ,$"sa&a %e&,ek * #aka %l/a& #!,el /,"!,&a#ka ,ak %e&& .

2 Na#$&* $&$k "eaks 'a& sa&a e%a * aa$ ka ak$ k!&aksa&a %a&a& * "a&s5e" #assa* l!kas %a,a * ,a& s5a %e&a#%$"a&,a& al"a& ,ala# #as&-#as& ,ae"a/ #e&a, %e&& .

Reaktor Untuk Reaksi ,omogen1 Reaktor .lir +i&a (R.+)

Reak!" al" %%a #e"$%aka& "eak!" , #a&a a"a& +e"eaks ,a&#e&al" ,e&a& a"a #elea $+e (a+$&) ,e&a& kee%aa& &*a&%a e"a, %e#+e&$ka& a"$s %$a" %a,a al"a& e%a. Reak!" al" %%a%a,a /akeka&'a /a#%" sa#a ,e&a& %%a ,a& "ela5 $k$% #$,a/,ala# %e"a&a&a&&'a. Reak!" & +asa&'a ,le&ka% ,e&a& sela%$


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#e#+"a& $&$k #e&a#+a/ 'el, %"!,$k %a,a "eak!". P"!,$k sea"aselek5 ,a"k ,a" "eak!" se/&a kese#+a&a& ,ala# "eak!" sea"ak!&&$ +e"ese" #e#+e&$k le+/ +a&'ak %"!,$k.

Pa,a $#$#&'a "eak!" al" %%a ,le&ka% ,e&a& kaalsa!". Se%e"se+aa& +esa" "eaks %a,a &,$s"' k#a* "eaks&'a #e#+$$/ka&kaalsa!" sea"a s&ka& %a,a s$/$ la'ak (sa&,a"). Dala# RAP* sa$

aa$ le+/ "eaka& ,%!#%aka& ke ,ala# s$a$ %%a. 6asa&'a "eaks 'a&,$&aka& %a,a "eak!" & a,ala/ "eaks 5asa as. Reaks k#a+e"la&s$& se%a&a& %%a se/&a se#ak& %a&a& %%a #akak!&3e"s 'el, aka& se#ak& &. Na#$& ,ak #$,a/ $&$k #e&akka&k!&3e"s ka"e&a , ,ala# RAP k!&3e"s e"a, sea"a "a,e&. Pa,aaal&'a kee%aa& "eaks +e"la&s$& sea"a e%a &a#$& seela/%a&a& %%a e"e&$ aa$ %%a +e"a#+a/ %a&a& #aka $#la/ "eaka&aka& +e"k$"a& ,a& kee%aa& "eaks +e"la&s$& le+/ la#+a ,a& aka&se#ak& la#+a se"& %a&a&&'a %%a.

6e+e"a%a /al %e&& ,ala# "eak!" al" %%a a,ala/<1. Pe"/$&a& ,ala# #!,el RAP #e&as$#ska& ,ak e"a,

%e&a#%$"a& (#&) ,a& "eaka& +e"e"ak sea"a aksal +$ka& "a,al.

2. Kaalsa!" ,a%a ,#as$kka& #elal$ k 'a& +e"+e,a ,a" k#as$ka& ,#a&a kaalsa!" & ,/a"a%ka& ,a%a #e&!%#alka& "eaks,a& e"a, %e&/e#aa&.

. U#$#&'a RAP #e#lk k!&3e"s 'a& le+/ +esa" ,+a&,&ka&,e&a& "eak!" al" a&k +e"%e&a,$k (RAT6) ,ala# 3!l$#e 'a& sa#a.A"&'a* ,e&a& ak$ &al 'a& sa#a "eak!" al" %%a #e#+e"ka&/asl 'a& le+/ +esa" ,+a&,&ka& RAT6.

Ke$&$&a& "eak!" al" %%a<1. Le+/ #$,a/ $&$k ,k!&"!l ,+a&,&ka& +a/2. Le+/ #$,a/ ,ala# %e"aaa&. Te",a%a +ae 'a& +e"$&a #e&$"a& 3!"eks4. 6a'a !%e"as le+/ #$"a/

. K!&3e"s %e" 3!l$#e le+/ +esa" ,a" "eak!" +a/Me#+e"ka& 3!l$#e 'a& le+/ kel ,a"%a,a RAT6* $&$k k!&3e"s 'a&sa#a

Ke"$a& "eak!" al" %%a<1. Ha"a ala ,a& +a'a &salas &.2. Me#e"l$ka& ak$ $&$k #e&a%a k!&,s sea,' sae.. U&$k "eaks eks!e"#s ka,a&-ka,a& e"a, H! S%! (+aa&'a& s$/$&'a sa&a &) %a,a e#%a %e#as$ka& . Da%a#e&'e+a+ka& ke"$saka& %a,a ,&,& "eak!".4. Ka"e&a ,ak a,a %e&a,$ka& s$ka" $&$k #e&a$" s$/$

S#+!l "eak!" %%a

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipahttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fasa&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradienhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipahttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fasa&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradien


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2 Reaktor .lir Tangki Be&engaduk (R.TB)RAT6 a,ala/ sala/ sa$ "eak!" ,eal 'a& +e"+e&$k a&k al"

+e"%e&a,$k aa$ s$a$ "eak!" 'a& %al& se,e"/a&a e"," ,a" s$a$a&k $&$k "eaks 'a& #e&'e,e"/a&aka& l$,. RAT6 se"& ,se+$

$a ,e&a& ;!&&$!$s& s""e, Ta&k Rea!" (;STR) aa$ Me, >l!Rea!". RAT6 ,$&aka& $&$k "eaks a" ,a& ,ala&ka& sea"a +a/*se# +a/ k!&&'$. RAT6 se"& aa$ +asa ,$&aka& $&$k "eaks

/!#!e& ("eaks 'a& +e"la&s$& ,ala# sa$ 5ase saa). ;!&!/<= ;a"-a"= Gas-as

U&$k "eaks 5ase as (&!&kaalk) "eaks&'a +e"la&s$& e%a ea%$&$k "eaks %a,a 5ase & aka& #$,a/ e"a, ke+!!"a& se/&a ,&,&"eak!" /a"$s ,+$a e+al. ;!&!/&'a< %a,a "eaks %e#+aka"a&* $&$k"eaks 5ase a" (kaalk) "eaks&'a +e"la&s$& ,ala# sse# k!l!,.RAT6 +a&'ak ,%aka %a,a &,$s" k#a ,a%a ,%aka sa$ aa$ le+/ ,a&+sa ,s$s$& sea"a se". Pa,a RAT6 kee%aa& 3!l$#e"k $#%a& 'a&#as$k sa#a ,e&a& kee%aa& 3!l$#e"k /asl (%"!,$k) 'a& kel$a"se/&a kee%aa& ak$#$las&'a sa#a ,e&a& &!l. A,a&'a %e&a,$ka&'a& se#%$"&a #e&'e+a+ka& k!#%!ss , ,ala# "eak!" sa#a ,e&a&

k!#%!ss 'a& kel$a" ,a" "eak!"* +e$ %$la ,e&a& %a"a#ee" la&*se%e"< k!se&"as* k!&3e"s "eaks* ,a& kee%aa& "eaks.

Pa,a RAT6 %"!ses&'a +e"la&s$& sea"a k!&&'$* %e&a,$ka&a,ala/ 'a& e"%e&& ,ala# "eak!" & ka"e&a ,e&a& %e&a,$ka&#e&a,ka& "eaks&'a #e&a, /!#!e&. D RAT6* sa$ aa$ le+/ "eaka&#as$k ke ,ala# s$a$ +ea&a +e"%e&a,$k ,a& +e"sa#aa& ,e&a& $se$#la/ 'a& sa#a (%"!,$k) ,kel$a"ka& ,a" "eak!". Pe&a,$k,"a&a& se/&a a#%$"a& e"a,$k ,e&a& se#%$"&a ,a& ,/a"a%ka&"eaks +e"la&s$& sea"a !%#al. Wak$ &al ,a%a ,kea/$ ,e&a&#e#+a 3!l$# "eak!" ,e&a& kee%aa& 3!l$#e"k a"a& 'a& #as$k"eak!". De&a& %e"/$&a& k&eka "eaks* k!&3e"s s$a$ "eak!" ,a%a,kea/$.

6e+e"a%a /al %e&& #e&e&a RAT6<

- Reak!" +e"la&s$& sea"a ae* se/&a $#la/ 'a& #as$ksea"a ,e&a& $#la/ 'a& ke l$a" "eak!"* ka ,ak e&$ "eak!" aka&+e"k$"a& aa$ +e"a#+a/ s&'a.

- Pe"/$&a& RAT6 #e&as$#ska& %e&a,$ka& e"a, sea"ase#%$"&a se/&a se#$a k ,ala# "eak!" #e#lk k!#%!ss 'a&

http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kinetika_reaksi&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Konversi&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kinetika_reaksi&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Konversi&action=edit&redlink=1


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sa#a. De&a& as$#s &* k!#%!ss kel$a" "eak!" selal$ sa#a ,e&a&+a/a& , ,ala# "eak!".

- Se"&kal* $&$k #e&/e#a ,$&aka& +a&'ak "eak!" 'a&,s$s$& sea"a se" ,a"%a,a #e&$&aka& "eak!" $&al 'a& +esa".Se/&a "eak!" 'a& , +elaka& aka& #e#lk k!#%!ss %"!,$k 'a&le+/ +esa" ,+a&,& , ,e%a&&'a.

S#+!l "eak!" a&k

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