Data and information
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DATA Raw materials
Unprocessed information
Not useful for business decision making
Always use as input of an Information System
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Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS
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INFORMATIONProcessed dataOrganized in a meaningful wayUseful for business decision makingCan be used as data (refine input) for producing even better information.
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Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS
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Data refers to isolated facts concerning things such as people, objectives, events or things.
Information is data that have been processed and presented in a form suitable for human interpretation. This could be organized or summarized data for certain purpose.
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Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS
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Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS
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Relevant for its purposeSufficiently accurate for its purposeComplete enough for the problemFrom the source in which the user has confidenceCommunicated to the right personCommunicated in time for its purposeWhich contains the right level of detail
> Communicated by an appropriate channel of communicationWhich is understandable by the user
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Information has many characteristics and can be classified in many ways. Such as:
By Source (Internal, External, Primary, Secondary, Government Agency)
By Nature (Formal, Informal, Quantitative, Qualitative)
By Management Level (Strategic, Tactical, Operational)
By Time (Historical, Present, Future)
By Frequency (Continuous [real time]), Hourly, Daily, Monthly, Yearly)
By Form (Written. Oral, Nonverbal)
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Let us understand what we really mean by the term system’ before we move on to ‘information system’.
A system is “an organized, purposeful structure that consists of interrelated and interdependent elements (components, entities, factors, members, parts etc.). These elements continually influence one another (directly or indirectly) to maintain their activity and the existence of the system, in order to achieve the goal of the system.”
Available at: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/system.html#ixzz2fgxqHWEg
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Solar System Human Body System
Operating System Order Processing System
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Study the diagramand I am sure you shall be able to explain the term“Information System”.for yourself!
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Information system is “a combination of hardware, software, infrastructure and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination, and decision making in an organization.”
Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/information-system.html#ixzz2fhC95zNI
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Environment
Environment
Information System-Processing
-Classify-Arrange
-Calculate
Input Output
Suppliers
Customers
Feedback
Reg. Agencies Competitors
Stockholders
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The key functions of an information systems are:
Input - captures or collects raw data from within the organization or from its external environments.
Processing - converts this raw input into a meaningful form.
Output - transfers the processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.
Information Systems also require feedback, which is output that is returned to appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate or correct the input stage.
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Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS
13An information system is made of the above components
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>Transaction Processing System>Management Information System>Decision Support System>Executive Support System>Sales and Marketing Information System>Human Resource Information System>Accounting Information System>Inventory Management System>Parcel Tracking System> Order Processing System
and many more……..
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Shape data into information Contain information about: People,
Place, and things Support decision making Support coordinating & controlling Support analyzing problems Create new products
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POSITIVE IMPACT Information systems can calculate or
process paperwork much faster than people
Information systems can help companies learn more about the patterns and preferences of their customers
Information systems provide new efficiencies through services such as automated teller machines (ATMs), telephone systems, or computer controlled airplanes and air terminals
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POSITIVE IMPACT Information systems have made possible
new medical advances in surgery, radiology,
and patient monitoring
The Internet distributes information instantly to
millions of people across the world
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NEGATIVE IMPACT By automating activities that were
previously performed by people, information systems may eliminate jobs.
Information systems may allow organizations to collect personal details about people that violate their privacy
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NEGATIVE IMPACT Information system are used in so many
aspects of everyday life that system outages can cause shutdowns of businesses or transportation services
Heavy user of information systems may suffer repetitive stress injury, techno stress, and other health problems
The Internet can be used to distribute illegal copies of software, books, articles, and other intellectual property
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An organized approach to the study of the information needs of an organization's management at every level in making operational, tactical, and strategic decisions. Its objective is to design and implement procedures, processes, and routines that provide suitably detailed reports in an accurate, consistent, and timely manner.In a management information system, modern, computerized systems continuously gather relevant data, both from inside and outside an organization. This data is then processed, integrated, and stored in a centralized database (or data warehouse) where it is constantly updated and made available to all who have the authority to access it, in a form that suits their purpose.