DATA ANALYSIS

TABLE 2

Step L>R OperatingI T (A)

Operatingcosθ

Power W Desiredpf

RequiredVar

RequiredStep

*Real cosθ(pf)

1>1 0.27 0.79 48.7 0.95 -21.788 1 0.992>1 0.32 0.70 49.6 0.95 -34.300 1 0.923>1 0.45 0.52 52.1 0.95 -68.456 1 0.684>1 0.61 0.40 54.5 0.95 -106.961 1 0.495>1 0.84 0.31 57.6 0.95 -157.720 1 0.37

TABLE 3

Step L>R OperatingI T (A)

Operatingcosθ

Power W Desiredpf

RequiredVar

RequiredStep

*Real cosθ(pf)

1>3 0.96 0.58 124.00 0.95 -133.403 1 1.002>3 0.56 0.92 114.50 0.95 -11.142 0 0.923>3 0.60 0.87 115.50 0.95 -27.494 1 0.924>3 0.80 0.69 120.30 0.95 -86.654 1 0.785>3 0.96 0.58 125.60 0.95 -135.124 1 0.65

TABLE 4

Step L>R OperatingI T (A)

Operatingcosθ

Power W Desiredpf

RequiredVar

RequiredStep

*Real cosθ(pf)

1>5 1.06 0.99 232.00 0.95 43.197 0 0.992>5 1.08 0.97 231.00 0.95 18.032 0 0.973>5 1.13 0.93 236.00 0.95 -15.704 0 0.934>5 1.21 0.88 237.00 0.95 -50.021 1 0.935>5 1.34 0.81 239.00 0.95 -94.476 1 0.86

Required Var formula:

Q=P.K = P(tan(cos−1θ pf) -tan¿¿)

Table 2:

1>1 Q=P.K = 48.7(tan(cos−1 0.95) -tan¿¿) = -21.788

2>1 Q=P.K = 49.6(tan(cos−1 0.95) -tan¿¿) = -34.300

3>1 Q=P.K = 52.1(tan(cos−1 0.95) -tan¿¿) = -68.456

4>1 Q=P.K = 54.5(tan(cos−1 0.95) -tan¿¿) = -106.961

5>1 Q=P.K = 57.6(tan(cos−1 0.95) -tan¿¿) = -157.720

Table 3:

1>3 Q=P.K = 124(tan(cos−1 0.95) -tan¿¿) = -133.403

2>3 Q=P.K = 114.50(tan(cos−1 0.95) -tan¿¿) = -11.142

3>3 Q=P.K = 115.5(tan(cos−1 0.95) -tan¿¿) = -27.494

4>3 Q=P.K = 120.3(tan(cos−1 0.95) -tan¿¿) = -86.654

5>3 Q=P.K = 125.6(tan(cos−1 0.95) -tan¿¿) = -135.124

Table 4:

1>5 Q=P.K = 232(tan(cos−1 0.95) -tan¿¿) = 43.197

2>5 Q=P.K = 231(tan(cos−1 0.95) -tan¿¿) = 18.032

3>5 Q=P.K = 236(tan(cos−1 0.95) -tan¿¿) = -15.704

4>5 Q=P.K = 237(tan(cos−1 0.95) -tan¿¿) = -50.021

5>5 Q=P.K = 239(tan(cos−1 0.95) -tan¿¿) = -94.476

DISCUSSION

The advantages of power factor correction are:

1. REDUCED DEMAND CHARGES

Most electric utility companies charge for maximum metered demand based on either

the highest registered demand in kilowatts (KW meter), or a percentage of the highest

registered demand in KVA (KVA meter), whichever is greater. If the power factor is low, the

percentage of the measured KVA will be significantly greater than the KW demand.

Improving the power factor through power factor correction will therefore lower the demand

charge, helping to reduce your electricity bill.

2. INCREASED LOAD CARRYING CAPABILITIES IN EXISTING CIRCUITS

Loads drawing reactive power also demand reactive current. Installing power factor

correction capacitors at the end of existing circuits near the inductive loads reduces the

current carried by each circuit. The reduction in current flow resulting from improved power

factor may allow the circuit to carry new loads, saving the cost of upgrading the distribution

network when extra capacity is required for additional machinery or equipment, saving your

company thousands of dollars in unnecessary upgrade costs. In addition, the reduced current

flow reduces resistive losses in the circuit.

3. IMPROVED VOLTAGE

A lower power factor causes a higher current flow for a given load. As the line current

increases, the voltage drop in the conductor increases, which may result in a lower voltage at

the equipment. With an improved power factor, the voltage drop in the conductor is reduced,

improving the voltage at the equipment.

4. REDUCED POWER SYSTEM LOSSES

Although the financial return from conductor loss reduction alone is seldom sufficient

to justify the installation of capacitors, it is sometimes an attractive additional benefit;

especially in older plants with long feeders or in field pumping operations. System conductor

losses are proportional to the current squared and, since the current is reduced in direct

proportion to the power factor improvement, the losses are inversely proportional to the

square of the power factor.

5. REDUCED CARBON FOOTPRINT

By reducing your power system’s demand charge through power factor correction,

your company is putting less strain on the electricity grid, therefore reducing its carbon

footprint. Over time, this lowered demand on the electricity grid can account for hundreds of

tons of reduced carbon production, all thanks to the improvement of your power system’s

electrical efficiency via power factor correction.

A load with a power factor of less than 0.95 more reactive power is required. For a

load with a power factor value higher than 0.95 is considered good as the power is being

consumed more effectively and a load with a power factor of 1.0 or unity is considered

perfect and does not use any reactive power.

CONCLUSION

In this experiment we can conclude that the objectives of the experiment had been

achieved. The objective about understanding the power factor correction method had been

achieved by enhance the knowledge and understanding on theory and applications of reactive

power compensation at different load. Besides that, the reactive power compensation

(capacitive) with subject to operating power factor had been calculated and record on the

table. Next, we had wired and operated of the Power Factor Correction Unit with the aid of

diagram provided. Lastly, we also had wired and operated resistive, inductive ad capacitive

loading unit.