DARPA & KR: Closing the Loop - DAML.org · DARPA & KR: Closing the Loop Ron Brachman Director, ......

DARPA & KR: Closing the Loop

Ron Brachman

Director, Information Processing Technology OfficeDefense Advanced Research

Projects Agency

Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited

SWANS Conference, 4/7/2005 2Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited

DARPA Background

Created in 1958 in response to Sputnik launch

Agency mission:To maintain the technological superiority of the U.S.

military and prevent technological surprise from harming our national security

by sponsoring revolutionary, high-payoff research that bridges the gap between fundamental

discoveries and their military use.


DARPA’s Role in Science and Technology

10B -

NEAR MID FAR

Scie

nce

& T

echn

olog

y $

(FY0

3)

Service S&T5B -

Fundamental Research, Discovery, System Concept Invention

DARPA

6.1 Fundamental

Research

6.2 Applied Research/

Exploratory Development

6.3A Advanced

Technology Development

Types of R&DFunding

(illustrative/informal)


DARPA’s IT Legacy

Workstations,Windows

Workstations,Workstations,WindowsWindows

Internet/NGI Optical, ATM,

Sonet, TCP/IP, Packet

Switching, HTTP

Internet/NGI Internet/NGI Optical, ATM, Optical, ATM,

Sonet, TCP/IP, Sonet, TCP/IP, Packet Packet

Switching, HTTPSwitching, HTTP

Search EnginesSearch EnginesSearch Engines

TrainedResearchers

TrainedTrainedResearchersResearchers

DARPA is credited withbetween a third and a half of all the major innovationsin computer science and technology.”

What Will Be, Michael Dertouzos, Harper Collins

Linear AlgebraLibraries

Linear AlgebraLinear AlgebraLibrariesLibraries

Natural Language & Speech Processing

Natural Language & Natural Language & Speech ProcessingSpeech Processing

PCs, Graphical Interfaces, Icons, Time Sharing,

Firewalls

PCs, Graphical Interfaces, PCs, Graphical Interfaces, Icons, Time Sharing, Icons, Time Sharing,

FirewallsFirewalls

RISC – Microprocessors,Parallel Processing RISC RISC –– Microprocessors,Microprocessors,Parallel Processing Parallel Processing


DARPA’s AI Impact on DoD

Speech and Language Understanding and Translation

PhraselatorTIDES/EARS (automated processing of Arabic dispatches)LCS (Listen-Communicate-Show) spoken language interaction system



Planning SystemsDART (Dynamic Analysis Replanning Tool)ACPT (Air Campaign Planning Tool)

Decision Support Systems

CPOF (Command Post Of the Future)

Robotic & Autonomous Systems

PackBot



Simulation/TrainingTacAir-Soar

Image/Signal Understanding

BCAMS (Bosnian Cantonment Area Monitoring System)ASF (Automated Signal Filtering)

Intelligent Agent-Based Systems

NCOT (Network-Centric Operating Technology)


A Working Definition of Intelligence

The ability to acquire, through experience, models of the world (including other entities and self), and use them productively to solve novel problems and deal successfully with unanticipated circumstancesAcquiring models = learning

Including: by observation, exploration and experiment, teaching and coaching, reading

Using models = reasoningIncluding: “mental simulation,” hypotheticals, plausible inference, logical thinking

Will yield robust, adaptable, transparent, supervisable, autonomous systems


IPTO’s Focus

Developing Cognitive Systems:

Systems that know what they’re doing

A cognitive system is one thatcan reason, using substantial amounts of appropriately represented knowledgecan learn from its experience so that it performs better tomorrow than it did todaycan explain itself and be told what to docan be aware of its own capabilities and reflect on its own behavior can respond robustly to surprise


Notional Anatomy of a Cognitive Agent

External EnvironmentExternal Environment

Communication(language,gesture,image)

Prediction,planning

Deliberative Processes

Reflective Processes

Reactive Processes

Perception Action

STM

Sensors Effectors

Other reasoning

LTM(knowledge base)

Concepts

SentencesCognitiv

eAgen

t

Affect

Attention





Prediction,planning



Reactive Processes

Perception Action

STM

Sensors Effectors

Other reasoning

LTM(knowledge base)

Concepts

SentencesCognitiv

eAgen

t

Affect

Attention

LEARNING





Prediction,planning



Reactive Processes

Perception Action

STM

Sensors Effectors

Other reasoning

LTM(knowledge base)

Concepts

SentencesCognitiv

eAgen

t

Affect

Attention

LEARNING

KRKR


DARPA’s Investment in KR&R

QA2/QA3

- First-o- Theorem-proving

for Question-Answering

rder logic

1970 1980 1990 2000



QA2/QA3

Shakey

STRIPS, A*, Other AI planning

methods (Hierarchial,non-linear, etc.)

1970 1980 1990 2000



KL-ONE

QA2/QA3

Shakey

NIKLLOOM

Description Logics

1970 1980 1990 2000



Pilot’s Associate (SCI)

KL-ONE

QA2/QA3

Shakey

Cyc

Case-BasedReasoning

1970 1980 1990 2000



ARPA-Rome Labs Planning Initiative (ARPI)


KL-ONE

QA2/QA3

Shakey

Cyc

DART,Multi-agent

Planning

1970 1980 1990 2000



I3/DARPA Knowledge-Sharing Initiative



KL-ONE

QA2/QA3

Shakey

Cyc

KIFKQML

Ontolingua

1970 1980 1990 2000






KL-ONE

HPKB

RKF

QA2/QA3

Shakey

Cyc

ProjectHALO

1970 1980 1990 2000






KL-ONE

HPKB

RKF

QA2/QA3

Shakey

CoABS

Cyc

CoABS GridFastC2AP

1970 1980 1990 2000






KL-ONE

HPKB

RKF

DAML

QA2/QA3

Shakey

CoABS

Cyc

SemanticWeb

1970 1980 1990 2000






KL-ONE

HPKB

RKF

DAML

QA2/QA3

Shakey

CoABS

REAL

PAL

Cyc

1970 1980 1990 2000


Key Challenges for the New (Old) Future

Dealing with the messiness of the real worldNon-logical statements (e.g., defaults, statistical assertions)UncertaintyFuzzy conceptsMixed representations (use each for what it’s best)Mismatch of vocabularies – integration, translationScale

Representation of and reasoning about actions, processes, flowsTemporal changeCreation and destruction of objects

Trust and transparencySharing derivations and explanations

Decrease barriers to knowledge creationAccessibility to the untrained, use of the massesAutomatic methods

Please send us a Program Manager!


Join us for the Second Cognitive Systems Conference

www.cogsys2005.com

DARPA & KR: Closing the Loop - DAML.org · DARPA & KR: Closing the Loop Ron Brachman Director, ......

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