DARK THERMAL HISTORIES - indico.physics.lbl.gov

DARK THERMAL HISTORIESJessie Shelton

UIUC MaryK Fest

September 21, 2019

WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THE UNIVERSE

[SM] Thermal SM radiation bath: CMB (T~eV),

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (T~MeV)

DM


[SM]

[�]

DM

Thermal SM radiation bath: CMB (T~eV),


CMB, large-scale structure: ➤ new ➤ cold ➤ limited interactions


[SM]

[�]

DM



post-inflationary reheating requires non-gravitational interactions to successfully

populate matter fields



[SM]

[�]

DM






??

classic WIMP cosmology

“WIMP-Y” COSMOLOGIES

[BSM]

[�]

DM





new species in SM radiation bath

“WIMP-Y” COSMOLOGIES

[BSM]

[�]

DM





new species in SM radiation bath

This cosmological history is typically of the most interest

for terrestrial signals

DARK SECTORS

➤ Dark sector: DM + other SM-singlet particle(s)

➤ WIMP-y cosmology: DM is born out of an augmented SM radiation bath

➤ Equally minimal but less terrestrially optimistic, hidden sector DM: DM may be born out of a dark radiation bath (may/not be in equilibrium with the SM)

➤ broad, generic class of theories

➤ many many many mechanisms to get DM out of an internally thermalized radiation bath

➤ in general no particular reason to expect SM couplings to be directly involved

DARK SECTORS

[SM][HS]

DM

➤ Minimal cosmological histories for dark radiation baths?

[�]

DARK SECTORS

[SM][HS]

DM


[�]I. Asymmetric reheating

DARK SECTORS

[SM][HS]

DM


[�]I. Asymmetric reheating II. Population from the SM

Oint

MINIMAL COSMOLOGY I: ASYMMETRIC REHEATING➤ reheating populates HS, SM directly

[SM]

[�]

[HS]DM

[Hodges; Berezhiani, Dolgov, Mohapatra; Adshead, Cui, JS; Adshead, Ralegankar, JS]

coupling sectors to same physics in UV necessarily

implies interactions

➤ generally

➤ coupling sectors to same physics in UV necessarily implies interactions

➤ how important is scattering? Depends on whether is light compared to

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TRH<latexit sha1_base64="DA2F2crj1y+e942K/oHko/IiMpg=">AAAB7XicdVDLSgMxFM3UV62vqks3wSK4Gmb6oC24KLjpskpf0A4lk2ba2EwyJBmhDP0HNy4Ucev/uPNvTKcVVPTAhcM593LvPX7EqNKO82FlNja3tneyu7m9/YPDo/zxSVeJWGLSwYIJ2feRIoxy0tFUM9KPJEGhz0jPn10v/d49kYoK3tbziHghmnAaUIy0kbrtUXLbXIzyBccuOwZVmBLXKRlSr9cqlTp0bSdFAazRGuXfh2OB45BwjRlSauA6kfYSJDXFjCxyw1iRCOEZmpCBoRyFRHlJeu0CXhhlDAMhTXENU/X7RIJCpeahbzpDpKfqt7cU//IGsQ5qXkJ5FGvC8WpREDOoBVy+DsdUEqzZ3BCEJTW3QjxFEmFtAsqZEL4+hf+TbtF2S3bxplxoXK3jyIIzcA4ugQuqoAGaoAU6AIM78ACewLMlrEfrxXpdtWas9cwp+AHr7RO6Ho85</latexit>

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ASYMMETRIC REHEATING

➤ Thermalization through inflaton exchange is assisted by the resonance:

[Adshead, Cui, JS]

Min/max reheat temperatures

Fractional energy transfer

rates

ASYMMETRIC REHEATING

➤ Out of equilibrium, attractor solution furnished by inflaton exchange simplifies evaluation of the temperature asymmetry:

[Adshead, Ralegankar, JS]

100 105

10-20

100

1020

arh

ASYMMETRIC REHEATING➤ for large TRH, the colder sector is dominantly populated by

energy leaking out of the hotter sector

➤ for small TRH, the two sectors are for all intents and purposes decoupled

[Adshead, Ralegankar, JS]

-1 -1 -1

0 0 0

1 1 1

2 2 2

3 3 3

4 4 4

-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

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MINIMAL COSMOLOGY II: POPULATE FROM SM➤ the HS has interestingly strong interactions with SM

[SM]

[�]

[HS]DM

➤ most important choice for cosmology: scale of connecting interactions

➤ new UV physics connecting sectors?

➤ rely on renormalizeable interactions?

Oint

POPULATION FROM SM

➤ Non-renormalizeable interactions:

➤ population of HS dominantly at Teq: decoupled afterward

➤ UV sensitive

H / T2

MPl

Teq

rate

T

� / Tn+1

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POPULATION FROM SM

➤ Renormalizeable interactions:

➤ IR-dominated: insensitive to unknown physics in UV

➤ handful of possible choices for structure of interactions

rate

T

H / T2

MPl

� / T

Teq

POPULATION FROM SM

➤ Renormalizeable interactions:

➤ IR-dominated: insensitive to unknown physics in UV

➤ handful of possible choices for structure of interactions

rate

T

H / T2

MPl

� / T

Teq

� / m2

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ASIDE ON PRODUCTION RATES AND KINETIC THEORY

➤ Kinetic theory: 2 -> 2 scatterings,

➤ In-medium corrections can parametrically alter this scaling

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[Redondo, Postma; An, Pospelov, Pradler; Hardy, Lasenby]

➤ Distinguish two cases:

➤ new species X inherits all its couplings to SM bath via mixing

➤ X has distinct structure of interactions with SM particles

➤ For simplicity, here study interactions where kinetic theory is a good guide: trust results to ~O(1)

POPULATION FROM SM

➤ SM has lots of mass threshholds:

10-1 1 10 10010-12

10-9

10-6

10-3

1

103

T (GeV)

Γ(GeV

)

Γ2→1 mZd= 50 GeV0.5, 5,Γ2→2 st→gt sg→tt ss→h→bb

sb→gb sc→gc sππ→ππ

[Evans, Gori, JS]

scalar portal

ms

POPULATION FROM SM

➤ Thermalization:

10-3 10-2 10-1 1 10 100 1000

10-8

10-7

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

1

Tf (GeV)

SinθIn Thermal Equilibrium During Freeze-Out

Never in Thermal Equilibrium

Sectors Thermally Decouple

[Evans, Gori, JS]

POPULATION FROM SM

➤ Terrestrial experiments are generally probing dark particles that were in thermal equilibrium in early universe*

[Evans, Gori, JS; Kahlhoefer]

10-3 10-2 10-1 1 10 100 100010-7

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

1

ms (GeV)

Sin θ

LHCLEP

B→K+S→μ+μ-

B→K*S→μ+μ-

CHARMK→πννSHiP

CODEX-bMATHUSLA

SN1987aCosmological

101

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

1

ms (GeV)

Sin θ

h→ss→4μh→ss→4τ

h→ss→2μ2bBR(h→exo)max

POPULATION FROM SM

➤ however direct detection has some ability test this cosmology

[Evans, Gori, JS]

1 10 102 103 10410-1210-1110-1010-910-810-710-610-510-410-310-210-1110102103104105106107108109

mχ (GeV)

Spin-Independentσ

χn(zb)

Current Boundν Floor (CaWO4)

ν Floor (Xe)

msmχ

= 10-1, 10-2, 10-3

HSDMScalar Allowed

SM SM

� �

s

s, h

POPULATION FROM SM

➤ What happens when leading interaction never reaches equilibrium?

[Chu, Hambye, Tytgat; Krnjaic; Evans, Gaidau, JS]

[SM]

[�]

[HS]DM Oint

➤ continuous leak of energy from SM: non-adiabatic evolution

POPULATION FROM SM

➤ A radiation bath fed by out-of-equilibrium 2 -> 2 renormalizeble interactions redshifts like matter:

➤ UV-insensitive quasi-static equilibrium phase

➤ What happens to DM freezing out of such a bath?[Chu, Hambye, Tytgat; Evans, Gaidau, JS]

0.001 0.010 0.100 1

0.1

1

10

100

a

T

TSM / 1

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THS / 1

a3/4<latexit sha1_base64="R2UZkx+3isjTc36YufYOzYO/Uho=">AAACCHicdVDLSgMxFM34rPVVdenCYBFcjUlbbXVVcNNlxb6grSWTZtrQzIMkI5Rhlm78FTcuFHHrJ7jzb0wfgooeCBzOuZebc5xQcKUR+rAWFpeWV1ZTa+n1jc2t7czObkMFkaSsTgMRyJZDFBPcZ3XNtWCtUDLiOYI1ndHlxG/eMql44Nf0OGRdjwx87nJKtJF6mYNaL65cJ51QBqEOYMeVhMY4iclNnD8pJEkvk0U2OivgHIbIPkW4lEMzcl7MQ2yjKbJgjmov897pBzTymK+pIEq1MQp1NyZScypYku5EioWEjsiAtQ31icdUN54GSeCRUfrQDaR5voZT9ftGTDylxp5jJj2ih+q3NxH/8tqRdkvdmPthpJlPZ4fcSEATedIK7HPJqBZjQwiV3PwV0iExXWjTXdqU8JUU/k8aORsjG18VsuWLeR0psA8OwTHAoAjKoAKqoA4ouAMP4Ak8W/fWo/Vivc5GF6z5zh74AevtE+MXmdw=</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="R2UZkx+3isjTc36YufYOzYO/Uho=">AAACCHicdVDLSgMxFM34rPVVdenCYBFcjUlbbXVVcNNlxb6grSWTZtrQzIMkI5Rhlm78FTcuFHHrJ7jzb0wfgooeCBzOuZebc5xQcKUR+rAWFpeWV1ZTa+n1jc2t7czObkMFkaSsTgMRyJZDFBPcZ3XNtWCtUDLiOYI1ndHlxG/eMql44Nf0OGRdjwx87nJKtJF6mYNaL65cJ51QBqEOYMeVhMY4iclNnD8pJEkvk0U2OivgHIbIPkW4lEMzcl7MQ2yjKbJgjmov897pBzTymK+pIEq1MQp1NyZScypYku5EioWEjsiAtQ31icdUN54GSeCRUfrQDaR5voZT9ftGTDylxp5jJj2ih+q3NxH/8tqRdkvdmPthpJlPZ4fcSEATedIK7HPJqBZjQwiV3PwV0iExXWjTXdqU8JUU/k8aORsjG18VsuWLeR0psA8OwTHAoAjKoAKqoA4ouAMP4Ak8W/fWo/Vivc5GF6z5zh74AevtE+MXmdw=</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="R2UZkx+3isjTc36YufYOzYO/Uho=">AAACCHicdVDLSgMxFM34rPVVdenCYBFcjUlbbXVVcNNlxb6grSWTZtrQzIMkI5Rhlm78FTcuFHHrJ7jzb0wfgooeCBzOuZebc5xQcKUR+rAWFpeWV1ZTa+n1jc2t7czObkMFkaSsTgMRyJZDFBPcZ3XNtWCtUDLiOYI1ndHlxG/eMql44Nf0OGRdjwx87nJKtJF6mYNaL65cJ51QBqEOYMeVhMY4iclNnD8pJEkvk0U2OivgHIbIPkW4lEMzcl7MQ2yjKbJgjmov897pBzTymK+pIEq1MQp1NyZScypYku5EioWEjsiAtQ31icdUN54GSeCRUfrQDaR5voZT9ftGTDylxp5jJj2ih+q3NxH/8tqRdkvdmPthpJlPZ4fcSEATedIK7HPJqBZjQwiV3PwV0iExXWjTXdqU8JUU/k8aORsjG18VsuWLeR0psA8OwTHAoAjKoAKqoA4ouAMP4Ak8W/fWo/Vivc5GF6z5zh74AevtE+MXmdw=</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="R2UZkx+3isjTc36YufYOzYO/Uho=">AAACCHicdVDLSgMxFM34rPVVdenCYBFcjUlbbXVVcNNlxb6grSWTZtrQzIMkI5Rhlm78FTcuFHHrJ7jzb0wfgooeCBzOuZebc5xQcKUR+rAWFpeWV1ZTa+n1jc2t7czObkMFkaSsTgMRyJZDFBPcZ3XNtWCtUDLiOYI1ndHlxG/eMql44Nf0OGRdjwx87nJKtJF6mYNaL65cJ51QBqEOYMeVhMY4iclNnD8pJEkvk0U2OivgHIbIPkW4lEMzcl7MQ2yjKbJgjmov897pBzTymK+pIEq1MQp1NyZScypYku5EioWEjsiAtQ31icdUN54GSeCRUfrQDaR5voZT9ftGTDylxp5jJj2ih+q3NxH/8tqRdkvdmPthpJlPZ4fcSEATedIK7HPJqBZjQwiV3PwV0iExXWjTXdqU8JUU/k8aORsjG18VsuWLeR0psA8OwTHAoAjKoAKqoA4ouAMP4Ak8W/fWo/Vivc5GF6z5zh74AevtE+MXmdw=</latexit>

POPULATION FROM SM

➤ Annihilation cross-section is suppressed:

➤ lower bound on : THS never large enough to populate sufficient DM for any cross-section

➤ For concrete illustration, minimal B-L model

h�viLIh�viWIMP

= b

T̃f

m

!1/3

<latexit sha1_base64="LhryfJMxvEpGcWeA5ZhIuB89uhw=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="LhryfJMxvEpGcWeA5ZhIuB89uhw=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="LhryfJMxvEpGcWeA5ZhIuB89uhw=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="LhryfJMxvEpGcWeA5ZhIuB89uhw=">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</latexit>

parametrizes effective coldness of HS, /

✓Mpl

m

◆1/3

✏2/3

<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit>

✏<latexit sha1_base64="SGJ6XRml/dnqRevXxY5ubCYSOJ8=">AAAB73icdVBNSwMxEM36WetX1aOXYBE8Lbva0vZW8eKxgv2AdinZdLYNzSZrkhVK6Z/w4kERr/4db/4b020FFX0w8Hhvhpl5YcKZNp734aysrq1vbOa28ts7u3v7hYPDlpapotCkkkvVCYkGzgQ0DTMcOokCEocc2uH4au6370FpJsWtmSQQxGQoWMQoMVbq9CDRjEvRLxQ9t+RZVHBGfO/CklqtWi7XsO96GYpoiUa/8N4bSJrGIAzlROuu7yUmmBJlGOUwy/dSDQmhYzKErqWCxKCDaXbvDJ9aZYAjqWwJgzP1+8SUxFpP4tB2xsSM9G9vLv7ldVMTVYMpE0lqQNDFoijl2Eg8fx4PmAJq+MQSQhWzt2I6IopQYyPK2xC+PsX/k9a563uuf1Mq1i+XceTQMTpBZ8hHFVRH16iBmogijh7QE3p27pxH58V5XbSuOMuZI/QDztsnp/SQXw==</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="SGJ6XRml/dnqRevXxY5ubCYSOJ8=">AAAB73icdVBNSwMxEM36WetX1aOXYBE8Lbva0vZW8eKxgv2AdinZdLYNzSZrkhVK6Z/w4kERr/4db/4b020FFX0w8Hhvhpl5YcKZNp734aysrq1vbOa28ts7u3v7hYPDlpapotCkkkvVCYkGzgQ0DTMcOokCEocc2uH4au6370FpJsWtmSQQxGQoWMQoMVbq9CDRjEvRLxQ9t+RZVHBGfO/CklqtWi7XsO96GYpoiUa/8N4bSJrGIAzlROuu7yUmmBJlGOUwy/dSDQmhYzKErqWCxKCDaXbvDJ9aZYAjqWwJgzP1+8SUxFpP4tB2xsSM9G9vLv7ldVMTVYMpE0lqQNDFoijl2Eg8fx4PmAJq+MQSQhWzt2I6IopQYyPK2xC+PsX/k9a563uuf1Mq1i+XceTQMTpBZ8hHFVRH16iBmogijh7QE3p27pxH58V5XbSuOMuZI/QDztsnp/SQXw==</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="SGJ6XRml/dnqRevXxY5ubCYSOJ8=">AAAB73icdVBNSwMxEM36WetX1aOXYBE8Lbva0vZW8eKxgv2AdinZdLYNzSZrkhVK6Z/w4kERr/4db/4b020FFX0w8Hhvhpl5YcKZNp734aysrq1vbOa28ts7u3v7hYPDlpapotCkkkvVCYkGzgQ0DTMcOokCEocc2uH4au6370FpJsWtmSQQxGQoWMQoMVbq9CDRjEvRLxQ9t+RZVHBGfO/CklqtWi7XsO96GYpoiUa/8N4bSJrGIAzlROuu7yUmmBJlGOUwy/dSDQmhYzKErqWCxKCDaXbvDJ9aZYAjqWwJgzP1+8SUxFpP4tB2xsSM9G9vLv7ldVMTVYMpE0lqQNDFoijl2Eg8fx4PmAJq+MQSQhWzt2I6IopQYyPK2xC+PsX/k9a563uuf1Mq1i+XceTQMTpBZ8hHFVRH16iBmogijh7QE3p27pxH58V5XbSuOMuZI/QDztsnp/SQXw==</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="SGJ6XRml/dnqRevXxY5ubCYSOJ8=">AAAB73icdVBNSwMxEM36WetX1aOXYBE8Lbva0vZW8eKxgv2AdinZdLYNzSZrkhVK6Z/w4kERr/4db/4b020FFX0w8Hhvhpl5YcKZNp734aysrq1vbOa28ts7u3v7hYPDlpapotCkkkvVCYkGzgQ0DTMcOokCEocc2uH4au6370FpJsWtmSQQxGQoWMQoMVbq9CDRjEvRLxQ9t+RZVHBGfO/CklqtWi7XsO96GYpoiUa/8N4bSJrGIAzlROuu7yUmmBJlGOUwy/dSDQmhYzKErqWCxKCDaXbvDJ9aZYAjqWwJgzP1+8SUxFpP4tB2xsSM9G9vLv7ldVMTVYMpE0lqQNDFoijl2Eg8fx4PmAJq+MQSQhWzt2I6IopQYyPK2xC+PsX/k9a563uuf1Mq1i+XceTQMTpBZ8hHFVRH16iBmogijh7QE3p27pxH58V5XbSuOMuZI/QDztsnp/SQXw==</latexit>

[Evans, Gaidau, JS]

SM SM

� �

V

POPULATION FROM SM

➤ direct freeze-in production of DM is also generically present

)<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit>,

1

10

100

1000

a

T(Gev

)

T T˜

mχ = 100 GeV

Leak-in: T˜∼ mχ/15

Freezein: T ∼ mχ/3ϵ = 10 -8

ϵ = 10 -9

ϵ = 10 -10

[Chu, Hambye, Tytgat; Krnjaic; Evans, Gaidau, JS]

leak-in dominates:

➤ near floor

➤ at low masses (freeze-in contribution is tiny)

POPULATION FROM SM

➤ Bounded parameter space with distinct phases:

10-3 10-2 10-1 1 10 100 103 104 105 106 107

10-13

10-12

10-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

10-7

�χ (��)

ϵ

�� -��

��-��

��

��

��

��

-��

0.001 0.010 0.100 1 10 100

0.01

0.10

1

10

� = �χ/�

Ω��Ω��

��-�� α� = �� α� = �� α� = ��

�χ = � �� ϵ = ��-��

[Evans, Gaidau, JS]

POPULATION FROM SM

➤ Stringent constraints on low-mass B-L boson dominate low mass boundary of parameter space:

ellipticity

h�T im

� 50 cm2/g<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit>

(dwarfs)

[Evans, Gaidau, JS]

10-6 10-4 10-2 100 102 10410-1610-1510-1410-1310-1210-1110-1010-910-810-710-6

�� (��)

ϵ

�χ = ��-� ��

➤ CMB constraints are powerful once visible decays are allowed

POPULATION FROM SM

ellipticity

h�T im


(dwarfs)

[Evans, Gaidau, JS]

CMB

10-6 10-4 10-2 100 102 10410-1610-1510-1410-1310-1210-1110-1010-910-810-710-6

�� (��)

ϵ

�χ = ��

directdetection

➤ Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilations become increasingly powerful at higher mass; (in)visible SIDM

POPULATION FROM SM

ellipticity

[Evans, Gaidau, JS]

CMB

h�T im


(dwarfs)direct detection

10-6 10-4 10-2 100 102 104 106 10810-1610-1510-1410-1310-1210-1110-1010-910-810-710-6

�� (��)

ϵ

�χ = ��

POPULATION FROM SM

➤ Sommerfeld resonances increasingly cover visible parameter space (reannihilation)

ellipticity

CMB

h�T im


(dwarfs)direct detection

10-6 10-4 10-2 100 102 104 106 10810-1610-1510-1410-1310-1210-1110-1010-910-810-710-6

�� (��)

ϵ

�χ = ��

[Evans, Gaidau, JS]

Fermi/Hess

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS➤ Many possible dark thermal histories

➤ most of them do not predict terrestrially relevant interaction rates with SM particles

➤ look instead to astrophysics/cosmology for signals

➤ Asymmetric reheating:

➤ straightforward to achieve highly decoupled dark sectors with any desired temperature ratio

➤ mild specifications on reheaton properties ( )

➤ Population from SM:

➤ direct detection now sensitive to cosmic history, not just particle content

➤ predictive, fun phenomenology: sub-GeV DM, self-interacting DM, …

➤ indirect detection parametrically least suppressed

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DARK THERMAL HISTORIES - indico.physics.lbl.gov

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