Dark room
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Transcript of Dark room
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DARK ROOM APPLIANCES
PROF. DR. D. SUNDARARAJAN. M.S.,D.O.,
Associate Professor in Ophthalmology,
Dr Rajvin Samuel Ponraj
MBBS (MS)
Meenakshi Medical College & Research Institute Kancheepuram
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PRISTLEY SMITH RETINOSCOPE
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MIRROR RETINOSCOPE
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RETINOSCOPE
• Flat handle with mirrors with hole on either side• Plane mirror on one side• Concave mirror on other side• Holes at centre to view through patient’s eye by
examiner• Hole has +2D lens to exclude accomodation
error used to examine at 1mt distance• To determine opacity of media• To determine error of refraction.
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TRIAL FRAME
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TRIAL FRAME
• Adjustable with IPD by screw
• 3 compartments in front of eye
• Inner : to keep occluder, pin hole, stenopic slit, presbyopic correction
• Middle : to place spherical lens
• Outer : to keep cylinder as in front, it is graduated to know axis.
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PLACIDO’S DISC
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PLACIDO’S DISC
• Disc with alternate concentric dark and light rings
• Central hole with +2D lens
• Disc attached to a handle
• Examining the reflected image of rings over pt cornea
• To diagnose keratoconus, corneal surface anamolies, ulcers.
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MADDOX WING
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MADDOX WING
• Instrument that dissociates retinal images of 2 eyes for near
• To diagnose and measure heterophoria or latent squint
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MADDOX ROD
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MADDOX ROD
• 4-5 cylinders of red glass prisms
• Fused side by side in a round disc frame
• May give the effect given by
• Deeply grooved red glasses(mad groove)
• To detect heterophoria
• As it dissociates two retinal images
• As macular function test
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RED AND GREEN GLASSES/FILTERS
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RED AND GREEN GLASSES/FILTERS
• Red placed in front of right eye
• Green glass in front of left eye
• Used for diplopia charting
• To test binocular vision in Worth’s four dot test
• For malingering test
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CONVEX SPHERICAL LENS
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CONVEX SPHERICAL LENS
• Biconvex spherical lens mounted on (metal) frame
• Centrally thick • Images – magnified • Moves in opposite direction in all meridians on
moving lens.• Used in HM, Presbyopia, Aphakia, Compound
HM astigmatism, Mixed astigmatism, Retinoscope, Placido’s disc, Slit lamp, Operating microscope, Simple & Comp microscopes, Telescopes
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CONCAVE SPHERICAL LENS
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CONCAVE SPHERICAL LENS
• Biconcave spherical lens in (metal) frame
• Centrally thin
• Images minified – moves in same direction as lens moves (in all meridians)
• Used in Myopia, Compound myopic astigmatism, Mixed astigmatism, Hruby’s lens
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CONVEX CYLINDRICAL LENS
• Magnified image seen thru it
• Image moves in opposite direction of lens movement
• Image moves 90* perpendicular to axis
• Along axis – no movement
• Axis – plane of zero power
• Used in astigmatism – sim, comp, mixed
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CONCAVE CYLINDERS
• Image moves in same direction of lens
movement & opposite to axis
• Along axis – no movement
• Used in astigmatism – sim, comp, mixed
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OCCLUDER
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OCCLUDER
• Black opaque disc
• To occlude one eye while testing / correcting other eye
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PIN HOLE
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PIN HOLE
• Black opaque disc with small central 1 mm hole
• Used to find out impaired vision due to RR or ocular path involving media
• Used in macular function test
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STENOPIC SLIT
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STENOPIC SLIT
• Black opaque disc with vertical / horizontal straight slit at centre
• To differentiate causes of haloes
• Fincham’s test
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