DARFUR DCPSF - mptf.undp.org

DCPSFANNUAL REPORT

Peace &StabilityF u n d

DARFURCommunity

3DCPSF BIANNUAL REPORT 2018

PROJECT INFORMATION

UN Multi-donor Trust Fund Darfur Community Peace and Stability Fund (DCPSF)

Program period Phase II: 2011-2018; Phase II Extension: 2018—2021

Funding Phases I and II (to date): US$ 84.8 million

Donors Phase II: Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom

Goal Security and stabilization of communities affected by conflict are improved through utilization of effective conflict management mechanisms, peace dividends and support to peace infrastructures and durable solutions that augment peaceful coexistence and social cohesion.

Purpose Communities are stabilized, and trust and confidence among communities are restored, paving the way towards early recovery.

Expected outputs (Phase II) OUTPUT 1: Community-based conflict resolution and reconciliation mechanisms are in use and working effectively to resolve conflict;OUTPUT 2: Peace dividends for community interdependence and co-existence are delivered; OUTPUT 3: Women´s organizations, including those representing pastoralist women, empowered to meaningfully participate in local and state-level peacebuilding platforms; OUTPUT 4: Improved networking, coordination and learning between local and state-level peacebuilding institutions.

Reporting period January - December 2018

2018 Participating Organizations Adventist Development and Relief Agency International, Ajaweed, Care International Sudan, Catholic Relief Services, Darfur Development and Reconstruction Agency, Darfur Organization for Peace and Development, Emergency, Relief and Rehabilitation and Development Agency, Global Aid Hand, Mercy Corps Scotland, Peace Bridge, Practical Action, Rural Community Development Organization, United Nations Development Programme, Welthungerhilfe, World Vision International.

Contact information Ms. Gwi Yeop Son, UN HC/RC, Chair of DCPSF Steering Committee Mr. Selva Ramachandran, Country Director, UNDP Sudan E-mail: [email protected]. Ranjita Mohanty, Head of DCPSF Technical Secretariat E-mail: [email protected]. Bavo Christiaens, Fund Portfolio Manager, MPTF E-mail: [email protected]

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Community dialogue session: Assalaya locality, East Darfur

5DCPSF ANNUAL REPORT 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PROJECT INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

LIST OF ACRONYMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1. CONTEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2. PROGRESS REVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.1 Projects Active in 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.2 People Reached During the Report ing Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3. KEY RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

3.1 New Output Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233.2 Perception Survey Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243.3 General Outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243.4 Output 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253.5 Output 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303.6 Output 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333.7 Output 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4. GENDER MAINSTREAMING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

5. DCPSF TECHNICAL SECRETARIAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

6. CHALLENGES AND LESSONS LEARNED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

7. TRENDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

ANNEX 1: IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS DURING THE REPORTING PERIOD . . . . . . 50

ANNEX 2: RESULTS INDICATOR FRAMEWORK 2018—2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

ANNEX 3: RISK AND ISSUES LOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

ANNEX 4: FIELD VISITS LOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

6 DCPSF ANNUAL REPORT 2018

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1: ONGOING TRIBAL CONFLICTS IN DARFUR LOCALITIES WITH DCPSF ACTIVITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

TABLE 2: OVERALL DIRECT BENEFICIARIES ESTIMATE 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

TABLE 3: PERCEPTION SURVEY RESULTS 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

TABLE 4: OVERVIEW OF ACHIEVEMENTS UNDER OUTPUT 1 UNTIL END 2018 . . . 25

TABLE 5: OVERVIEW OF ACHIEVEMENTS UNDER OUTPUT 2 UNTIL END 2018 . . . 30

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

LIST OF ACRONYMS

CBRM Community-Based Reconciliation MechanismDCPSF Darfur Community Peace and Stability FundIDP Internally Displaced PersonGPI Gender and Peacebuilding InitiativeNGO Non-governmental OrganizationSGBV Sexual and Gender-based ViolenceToR Terms of Reference UNAMID United Nations-African Union Hybrid Mission in DarfurUNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework

L IST OF GRAPHS

GRAPH 1: OVERALL COUNT OF EVENTS AND CASUALTIES OVER TIME, JULY—DECEMBER 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

GRAPH 2: EVENTS BY TYPE OVER TIME, JULY – DECEMBER 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

GRAPH 3: PROJECTS ACTIVE DURING 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

GRAPH 4: CONFLICT DENSITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

GRAPH 5: INDIVIDUAL INTERVENTIONS WITH LARGE INDIRECT NUMBERS . . . . . 22

GRAPH 6: PERCEPTION SURVEY RESPONDENTS 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

GRAPH 7: CASES BROUGHT TO THE CBRM IN 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

GRAPH 8: CBRM MEMBERSHIP PROFILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26


Nature scene, Um Khairin locality, South Darfur


EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe Darfur Community Peace and Stability Fund (DCPSF), established in 2007, is a multi-donor trust fund that supports community-level peacebuilding and conflict mediation in the Darfur region. The DCPSF’s overall goal is to achieve local-level peace and stability by providing peacebuilding support where it is most needed. In line with the UN’s ‘New Way of Working’ towards collective outcomes in humanitarian, development and peacebuilding programming, the DCPSF works to address the underlying causes of communal conflict by strengthening community inclusiveness and cohesion through local peacebuilding structures and expanded livelihoods opportunities.

2018 has seen several changes in the partner organizations’ operational environment in Darfur. Most importantly, the United Nations-African Union Hybrid Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) is scaling down with the intention of eventual complete withdrawal. While large-scale conflicts in Darfur are becoming less prominent, intercommunal violence continues and the underlying causes of conflict (e.g. tensions over water scarcity and land access disputes) remain. Hence, intensified efforts are needed to fill the security and stability gap left by this withdrawal. Community peacebuilding can, and indeed must, play a crucial role in mitigating the root causes of conflict and build social cohesion in a way that can fill part of this gap.

This report covers the DCPSF-supported activities during 2018. In May 2018, the DCPSF’s Steering Committee adopted new Terms of Reference (ToR) which align the Fund’s objectives with UNDAF (United Nations Development Assistance Framework) Outcome 5. These new ToR affirm the Fund’s commitment to community-based conflict resolution and reconciliation mechanisms (under Output 1) and to “peace dividends” through livelihood, natural resource management and basic service interventions that can facilitate social cohesion (under Output 2). In addition, the new ToR include two new outputs: one aimed at empowering

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


women’s organizations to participate in peacebuilding platforms (Output 3) and one on improved networking coordination and learning between local and state-level peacebuilding institutions (Output 4).

This report provides information on the 2018 results under Outputs 1, 2 and 4 (Output 3 will still have to be implemented in 2019). During 2018,18 DCPSF partner organizations were implementing projects in Darfur. All but three of these projects were resulting from the 2017 Call for Proposals and began their activities in February or March 2018. Three projects implemented between 2015-2018 ended in the second quarter of 2018 and one special gender and peace call launched in last quarter of 2018. Throughout the reporting period, DCPSF partner organizations reached 50,125 direct beneficiaries through activities under Outputs 1, 2 and 4. In addition, partners reported a number of interventions under Output 2 that indirectly benefitted approximately 60,000 people.

In March and April 2019, the DCPSF Technical Secretariat conducted a perception survey among 365 direct and indirect beneficiaries living in communities that were part of DCPSF-supported interventions. Regarding the overall outcome, 99.5% of the respondents state that they feel safe in their community and 90.7% of the respondents think that the trust towards other groups, communities or tribes has improved because of DCPSF-supported interventions.

Under Output 1, partner organizations supported 144 Community-based Conflict Resolution and Reconciliation Mechanisms (CBRM) in 2018. The cases brought to these CBRM had a resolution rate of 84.3%. Most of these disputes had to do with crop destruction (27.9%), family disputes (25%) and crimes (23.5%). According to the perception survey, 96.2% if all respondents have access to a CBRM. 90.7% of the respondents trust the CBRM to solve a problem between different groups, 82.9% of the respondents attribute a decrease in communal conflict to the CBRM and 64.3% of the respondents are generally satisfied with the CBRM.1

Under Output 2, partner organizations conducted 368 peace dividend activities throughout 2018. These activities reached 21,775 people. Partners established 137 subcommittee mechanisms for peace dividends and the percentage of livelihood activities that benefitted predominantly women was 66%.

Under Output 4, partner organizations supported 48 local civil society organizations through capacity building activities throughout the reporting period and several partners hosted peace conferences or visits that brought together community leaders and local as well as state authorities.

Gender and women empowerment remained an important topic in 2018. Gender mainstreaming activities continued and were intensified in 2018 and partners now, for instance, provide gender-disaggregated data and reports with some gender sensitivity. In addition, the DCPSF Technical Secretariat asked partners to hire a gender officer and encourages partners to develop and implement trainings and activities that specifically target women. Moreover, women empowerment is a

1 This is a preliminary analysis covering three states. A comprehensive 2019 perception survey includes data for respondents across the five states.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


prominent focus under Output 3. The Gender and Peacebuilding Initiative under this output was initiated and contracted through a call for proposals in 2018 and will be implemented throughout the next reporting period.

Partner organizations encountered several challenges in their project implementation throughout 2018. These challenges relate most prominently to: the ongoing economic crisis in Sudan, delayed project approvals by authorities, logistical and seasonal challenges, tribal conflicts in selected project locations, the limited capacity and education of persons in some project locations and persistent power imbalances as well as traditional leadership and socio-cultural barriers.

Prominent positive trends noted throughout 2018 are related to youth participation and environmental sustainability. With regard to both issues, partner organizations have shown innovative ideas and achieved some promising results. However, challenges remain and continuous attention to these issues remains important throughout the years to come.

Thanks to donor support, the DCPSF will continue working with Sudanese, international and United Nations partners, as well as Darfuri communities, to support peace and stability in the region.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


A newly constructed market stall in Gerba village

Community meeting in Abou Karica locality. Photo: Sami OmerCBRM meeting in Abujabra locality, East Darfur


CHAPTER 1: CONTEXT


1. CONTEXTFrom Peacekeeping to PeacebuildingDuring 2018, conflict between the government and armed groups virtually ceased and major intertribal conflict was avoided. In early 2018, the Sudanese Government extended the unilateral ceasefire with armed opposition groups and renewed its commitment to this ceasefire on October 20, 2018. By now, the ceasefire has been in effect for nearly three years.

Nonetheless, threats to long-term peace and stability remain. By the end of 2018, some armed opposition groups (the Justice and Equality Movement and the Sudan Liberation Movement/Minni Minawi) had not yet signed the 2011 Doha Document for Peace in Darfur. Moreover, fighting between the government of Sudan and armed opposition groups continued around Jebel Marra.

The underlying causes of conflict (e.g. tensions over water scarcity and land access disputes) remain. The UN Secretary General’s report on the third quarter of 2018 notes, in particular, the need to resolve land ownership issues.2 Hence, the transition concept and new mandate of UNAMID and the UN for Darfur focuses on peacebuilding and development as well as on “addressing the drivers of conflict”.3 The need to remain focused on addressing these root causes of conflict is particularly important in light of the ongoing withdrawal of UNAMID from Darfur.4

To contribute to mitigating the drivers of conflict, the DCPSF must remain a flexible channel for support that is tailored to community needs. DCPSF-

2 African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur, Report of the Secretary-General, 12 October 2018, UN Document No. S/2018/912, para 59.

3 African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur, Report of the Secretary-General, 12 October 2018, UN Document No. S/2018/912, para 59.

4 In 2018, UNAMID shifted from peacekeeping to peacebuilding which meant that several UN-AMID bases were shut down throughout the year.


supported projects have been successful in lessening conflicts and restoring trust and confidence among communities because of their balancing of two principles: “no development without peace” and “no lasting peace without development”.

Community peacebuilding can, and indeed must, play a crucial role in mitigating root causes of conflict and can fill part of the gap that is left by UNAMID’s withdrawal from Darfur. The DCPSF-supported community-based conflict resolution and reconciliation mechanisms (CBRM), for instance, are an important vehicle in this respect: through their reconciliatory role, CBRM can mediate conflicts before they escalate into violence, improve intertribal and intercommunity trust and cohesion and be an important link to local and state-level justice institutions. In weaving communities together, CBRM and other DCPSF-supported community initiatives can make a substantial contribution to the fabric of sustainable peace.

Economic Crisis and Food InsecurityIn 2018, peacebuilding efforts in Darfur became increasingly challenging due to a severe economic crisis in whole Sudan. Scarcity of basic goods such as bread and fuel as well as cash worsened throughout 2018. By the end of 2018, the inflation rate had reached 73%.5 DCPSF partners report that the fuel shortages and currency devaluation severely affected their project implementation in most rural areas.

The worsening economic situation also had political effects with peaceful protests increasing throughout Sudan by the end of 2018. On 23 December 2018, for instance, students protesting in Kass faced teargas; in West Darfur state security services were deployed, and in East Darfur several youth activists were arrested and released by the National Intelligence and Security Service.6 In addition, the crisis meant several state and local government reshuffles which gave everyone new counterparts to engage with.

At the start of 2018, FEWSNET reported a “very poor” agricultural and pastoral season, particularly in North Darfur. While the early arrival of rains did have a positive effect on crops, the economic crisis meant that many families remained food insecure throughout 2018. Indeed, by January 2019, WFP reported that 17 localities in Darfur are more than 50% food insecure. Several of these are part of DCPSF project areas: El Fasher, Bielel, Kass, Um Dukhun, Kereinik, Sirba, and Jebel Moon.

Intercommunal ViolenceWhile, according to the Secretary General, “no major episodes of intercommunal violence were reported” during the last quarter of 2018, the last quarter of each year is the time of seasonal cattle migration which usually causes a spike in lower-level communal tensions.7 Indeed, UNAMID (as well as DCPSF partner organizations) reported conflicts in several DCPSF project areas. These events are reflected in Table 1 below.

5 UNDP, “Inflation Update” (email sent to UNDP staff on 01/29/2019), based on Central Bureau of Statistics Figures.

6 African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur, Report of the Secretary-General, 14 January 2019, UN Document No. S/2019/44, para 20.

7 African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur, Report of the Secretary-General, 14 January 2019, UN Document No. S/2019/44, para 2.

CHAPTER 1: CONTEXT


STATE LOCATION GROUPS FURTHER INFORMATION

North Darfur Serif, Saraf Omra Rizeigat militias v. Beni Hussein

Related to gold mines

Tawilla Northern Rizeigat, Zaghawa farmers

Seasonal (October-November) with the large presence of animal migrations increased destructions

South Darfur GraidaKass

Fellata v. MasalitN. Rizegat/Zagawa v. Fur

Land ownership

East Darfur North of Ed Daein Rizeigat v. Maaliya Land and resources

Central Darfur Bindisi, Mukjar, and Um Dukhun

Rizeigat and Salamat v. Fur

Land occupation

West Darfur Kereinik, Sirba Rizeigat, Misseriya, Chadian Zaghawa v. farming tribesMasalit v pastoralist tribes

Preventing local farmers and IDPs from accessing farmlandsSeveral conflicts between Masalit and pastoralist tribes early last rainy season

Table 1: Ongoing tribal conflicts in Darfur localities with DCPSF activities8

This intercommunal violence is also reflected in the DCPSF Technical Secretariat’s conflict tracker. Since July 2018, the Technical Secretariat has been monitoring media and other reports to track conflict-related events in Darfur. Until December 2018, the event tracker had recorded 232 violent events with 766 casualties. As Graph 1 below shows, events and casualties were highest during the months October and November (likely due to the abovementioned seasonal migration).

Woman casualties

All casualties

0

50

100

150

200

250

DecNovOctSepAugJul DecNovOctSepAugJul

Violent events

6

131

47

1735

4837

1730

112

165 190

29

9 938

14 1

Graph 1: Overall count of events and casualties over time, July—December 2018

8 Based on UNAMID Secretary General reports.

CHAPTER 1: CONTEXT

CHAPTER 1: CONTEXT


Graph 2 below indicates that most events recorded (46%) could be described as violence against civilians. The second most common classification (30%) were intertribal conflicts (including farmer-pastoralist clashes). High-level conflict (clashes among armed government and/or other armed movements groups) accounted for only 19% of the events but for 48% of the casualties. Communal clashes were less deadly: while accounting for 30% of the events, those clashes only caused 18% of the casualties reported.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

DecNovOctSepAugJul

Violence against civilians

Inter-tribal conflict

High level conflict

Graph 2: Events by type over time, July – December 20189

Additionally, partners in North and South Darfur reported several crop destruction incidents (especially in October and November 2018) and tensions over agricultural land between returnee farmers in Sirba (West Darfur). Moreover, several clashes were recorded in Kutum (North Darfur) between Arab pastoralists and Tunjur who were prevented from cultivating land and in Um Dukhun (Central Darfur) between Fur and Salamat where Fur returned to cultivate the land and Salamat refused to leave. In Bilel a major clash between farmers and residents injured several people.

9 The graph excludes the category ‘Crime’ since only few events were classified as crimes during the reporting period.

NRMC member in Wadhajam community, South Darfur


CHAPTER 2: PROGRESS REVIEW

CaptionPhoto: Sami Omer


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Graph 3: Projects active during 2018

CHAPTER 2: PROGRESS REVIEWCHAPTER 2: PROGRESS REVIEW


Conflict density in Darfur from July to December 2018

Graph 4: Conflict density


Construction of a youth club in Almalam village, South Darfur



2. PROGRESS REVIEW2.1 PROJECTS ACTIVE IN 2018During 2018, 18 DCPSF partner organizations were implementing projects in Darfur (see Annex 1). Most of these projects were new (resulting from the 2017 Call for Proposals) and began their activities in February or March 2018. In addition, three projects were still ongoing from previous years: CARE International Switzerland in East Darfur, Catholic Relief Services in Mukjar (Central Darfur) and Practical Action in Kebkabiya (North Darfur). All three projects finished their activities and provided final reports during the reporting period.

2.2 PEOPLE REACHED DURING THE REPORTING PERIODPartners report that 50,125 people (34% of which were women) were directly reached with DCPSF-supported interventions during 2018. These interventions included CBRM trainings, community mobilization, livelihood activities, natural resource management programmes and intertribal and other conferences. The demographics of these beneficiaries per output are listed in Table 2 below.

OUTPUT TOTAL PER OUTPUT

MEN WOMEN YOUNG MEN YOUNG WOMEN

1 22,996 6,590 5,293 5,722 5,391

2.1 21,775 4,991 10,373 2,691 3,720

2.2 4,233 1,250 975 1,013 1,045

4 1,121 228 429 230 234

Overall 50,125 13,009 17,070 9,656 10,390

Table 210: Overall direct beneficiaries estimate 201811

10 The “Total per output” number for output 1 includes both CBRM members and persons who were involved in a case brought to a CBRM.

11 The outputs reflect the new results framework, see Annex 2. Output 3 is not included in this table since implementation had not yet started in 2018.


In addition, partners reported a number of interventions under Output 2 that indirectly benefitted approximately 60,000 people. An overview of these interventions and the number of people who indirectly benefitted from these activities is provided in Graph 3 below.

Rehabilitation of 9 water sources for both human and animal consumption, rehabilitation of water points and construction of a water yard

Construction of 18 semi-permanent shelters for community activities

Rehabilitation of 5 handpumps and construction of 9 new handpumps

Rehabilitation of two schools

Construction of 40 km of fire break line

Establishment of one borehole and two hand-dug wells (still ongoing)

Restoration of community forest

24,312

59,396People reached

5,010

4,926

3,000

1,444

8,0002,000

1,580

1,574

3,350

1,200

3,000

Demarcation of 40 km of migratory route

Construction of three community peace

and/or multipurpose centers

Rehabilitation of a health clinic

Construction of three veterinary centers

(ongoing)

Completion of 3 market stalls

1 23

4

5

678

9

10

11

12

Graph 5: Individual interventions with large indirect numbers12

12 In the report, partners were asked to report only direct beneficiaries of project activities during the reporting period. The DCPSF Technical Secretariat then reviewed this data, removing repeated information (where the same people are counted twice because they participated in multiple activities). The outputs reflect the new results framework, see Annex 2.



3. KEY RESULTS3.1 NEW OUTPUT FRAMEWORKThis report relies on the new DCPSF Terms of Reference (ToR) that were endorsed in May 2018. Although implementing partners active during 2018 developed their projects before the new ToR were endorsed, their activities and projects closely align with Outputs 1, 2 and 4 of the new ToR (see box below). The new Outputs 3 was not yet part of the partner organizations’ activities in 2018 but will be part of the next call for proposals (2019) and is therefore discussed separately in Section 4 below. The results are based on the Results Indicator Framework in Annex 2 and reflect both information from the reports by partner organizations and findings from the perception survey conducted by the DCPSF Technical Secretariat.

UNDAF Outcome 5: By 2021, security and stabilization of communities affected by conflict are improved through utilization of effective conflict management mechanisms, peace dividends and support to peace infrastructures and durable solutions that augment peaceful coexistence and social cohesion.

Indicative Output 1: Community-based conflict resolution and reconciliation mechanisms are in use and working effectively to resolve conflict.

Indicative Output 2: Peace dividends for community interdependence and co-existence delivered.

Indicative Output 3: Women´s organizations, including those representing pastoralist women, empowered to meaningfully participate in local and state-level peacebuilding platforms.

Indicative Output 4: Improved networking, coordination and learning between local and state-level peacebuilding institutions.

CHAPTER 3: KEY RESULTS



3.2 PERCEPTION SURVEY APPROACHBased on the new ToR and the related Results Indicator Framework (see Annex 2), the Technical Secretariat conducted a perception survey among beneficiaries in March and April 2019.13 For the perception survey, the Technical Secretariat interviewed 365 members of communities that were part of a DCPSF-supported intervention. 169 of these community members were women (46%). 264 of all interviewed community members were direct beneficiaries, of which 122 (46%) were women.14

The respondents were randomly selected among all beneficiaries. However, out of the 14 partner organizations active in 2018, only two were new partners while all other twelve were returning partners and/or continuing their work from previous years. Hence, it so happened that all respondents that were interviewed were beneficiaries in the third stage of the project and therefore had already received support for at least five years. This might explain some of the high percentages below.

3.3 GENERAL OUTCOMEThe new ToR align the DCPSF’s purpose with the UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) Outcome number 5: by 2021, security and stabilization of communities affected by conflict are improved through utilization of effective conflict management mechanisms, peace dividends and support to peace infrastructures and durable solutions that augment peaceful coexistence and social cohesion. The 2019 Perception Survey measured this outcome through two purpose indicators. The findings are reflected in Table 3 below.

PURPOSE INDICATOR PERCEPTION SURVEY RESULTS 2019

1. Percentage of community members (sex and age disaggregated) stating they feel safe in their community

99.5%(99.4% women; 99.5% men)

Sub-indicator: Percentage of community members attributing this to the DCPSF intervention

99.6%(99.4% women; 99.5% men)

2.Percentage of community members who perceive trust with the other group / community / tribe has improved because of the project

90.7%(92.9% women; 88.8% men)

Sub-indicator: Percentage of community members attributing this to the DCPSF intervention

93.5%(95.9% women; 91.6% men)

Table 3: Perception Survey Results 2019

13 These figures will form a baseline against which 2020 and 2021 will be measured.14 The perception survey’s methods, limitations and a discussion of the findings will be presented

in a separate report.


All respondents36519654%

46%169

14254%

46%122

100%72%

Direct beneficiaryrespondents264

Graph 6: Perception Survey Respondents 2019


3.4 OUTPUT 1: COMMUNITY-BASED CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND RECONCILIATION MECHANISMS ARE IN USE AND WORKING EFFECTIVELY TO RESOLVE CONFLICTThis output captures implementing partners’ activities in support of the juddiya (Community-Based Reconciliation Mechanisms (CBRM)) - the core of community-level conflict resolution. The output builds on the understanding that the conflict in Darfur can only be resolved through a comprehensive process that builds on local reconciliation and the finding of common solutions. Existing social mechanisms such as the CBRM can play an important role in this respect.

A CBRM usually resolves conflicts through a financial or in-kind compensation that is agreed upon between the two parties to a dispute. In addition to managing these day-to-day issues, the CBRM members may support intertribal peace agreements and other peace activities.

General Activities and AchievementsThe activities of all DCPSF partner organizations contribute to community peacebuilding work and specifically focus on supporting existing CBRM as well as the formation of new CBRM. Their activities focus primarily on capacity building through trainings for CBRM members and strengthened case administration. In 2018, partners supported 144 CBRM. Table 4 below provides an overview of the achievements until the end of 2018.

OUTPUT 1 PURPOSE INDICATOR ACHIEVEMENTS 2018

1.1 Percentage of community members stating they trust CBRM to solve a problem between groups

90.7%(92.9% of the female and 88.8% of the male respondents)

1.1.1 Percentage of community members stating that the CBRM has diverse participation of “men, women, pastoralists and farmers” as well as “others”

78.8%

1.1.2 Percentage of community members (male/female & total) stating a decrease in communal conflicts because of the presence of CBRM

82.9%(82.9% of the female and 83.5% of the male respondents)

1.2 Percentage of community members stating their satisfaction with CBRM

64.3% of all respondents(58.3% of direct beneficiaries)

1.3 Percentage of women who brought a problem to a CBRM and were satisfied with the resolution

60% of all women(50% of directly benefitting women)

1.3.1 Percentage of community members (male/female) who state to have access to a CBRM

96.2% of all beneficiaries(97% of the female and 95.4% of the male respondents)

1.4 Number of functioning CBRM 144 (overall target: 147)

Table 4: Overview of achievements under Output 1 until end 201815

15 Based on partner reports and preliminary perception survey results 2019.



Cases Brought to the CBRM in 2018As Graph 4 below indicates, most disputes had to do with crop destruction (28%), family disputes (25%) and crimes (24%). The cases brought to the CBRM had a resolution rate of 84%.16

In crop destruction matters, partners report that the CBRM are respected by local officials to intervene and to even negotiate a settlement with police forces. In Gurni (West Darfur) for example, several camels were entering farms at harvest time. The police intervened to move the camels to the police station, but the camel herder refused. The police shot the herder’s horse and seized the camels. The herder sought compensation for his horse and the CBRM negotiated a financial settlement with the police.

LAND-RELATED (OTHER THAN CROP)

WATER-RELATED

OTHER

CBRMCASES

CRIME

FAMILY DISPUTES

CROP DESTRUCTION28%

25%

23%

18%

12%

12%

Graph 7: Cases brought to the CBRM in 2018

Inclusiveness of the CBRMIt is crucial for DCSPF-funded activities to ensure that the CBRM are inclusive in terms of age, sex and different tribes. Partners report an increasing number of women, youth and pastoralist or other minority representatives in the groups. As Graph 5 below depicts, of the total number of 6,161 CBRM members, 31% are female (young and older women combined). In addition, 33% of the total number of CBRM members were youth (male and female youth combined).

47% 22% 20%

21%79%

33%

11%

Graph 8: CBRM membership profile

16 Based on partner reports. The final calculation is based on case reported in CBRM records. However, it should be noted that some partners are very thorough in the CBRM record keep-ing while others only record the ‘major’ cases (tribal conflicts) and thus underreport day-to-day crimes or family disputes.



Many partners are working specifically with young people to involve them in CBRM and other community peace initiatives. For example, in West Darfur, the partners worked with young people to construct a community center. Young people also organized a nafir (a community self-help event) to help new returnees to the village.

The DCPSF and its partners have also been working continuously to improve women’s participation in the CBRM. One partner reports on the fruitfulness of this approach: “Women have become involved with the men in community issues where they sit and make decisions together. That was not the case before [the] project’s involvement […] Women have become very influential in CBRM activities to the point that Abu Ouud committee meetings changed to be held during market days to allow women to attend. In Hagleega, despite the fact that the head of the CBRM is a man, all sessions are led by a woman – [the] presidency of the sitting man is for ‘appearances only’”.

Another example is provided by a partner organization working in Jurof (West Darfur) who noted that women members were heavily involved in mobilizing the community around the market reconstruction – an issue that directly impacts their livelihoods.

Including young women in the CBRM and peacebuilding is a particular challenge. One partner organization raised this issue with community elders to underline the importance of female youth and unmarried women taking part in the CBRM activities. The community agreed and female youth became more engaged in the CBRM and its objectives.

General Success StoriesPartners reported to have supported several reconciliation agreements between tribes – either directly through the CBRM or by convening larger conferences. The partner organization working around Buram, Dimsu, and Tullus (South Darfur), for instance, supported a peace agreement between Fellata and Salmat and reported that “the signing of the peace agreement has helped halt violence, [and] encouraged those who had been displaced to return”.17 Moreover, DCPSF-supported CBRM also participated in a reconciliation conference between Fellata and Masalit in Bulbul (South Darfur) following scattered incidents related to crop destruction. In Al Salam (South Darfur) four reconciliation agreements were signed by the CBRM to resolve the conflict between different members of the Reizegat tribe (Olad Mansoor and Shattia). A reconciliation agreement to stop cattle raiding was also signed between the Taalba and Reizegat tribes in the community of Saniadliba (South Darfur). The CBRM in Abu Ouud (South Darfur) reached a peace agreement between Abu Ouud and the village of Suwar. In Shariyaa (East Darfur), a DCPSF-supported CBRM functioned as mediator in the reconciliation between Zaghawa and Birgid.

Some of the successes of the CBRM are not only such larger-scale tribal

17 The situation there was peaceful at the time of reporting but the partner organization remained concerned that conflicts might still arise between returnees and others who might be cultivating their land.




agreements but also improvements in the day-to-day trust between different communities. The CBRM in Al Jalabi (in the vicinity of Abu Karinka (East Darfur)), for instance, reported that the DCPSF-funded project was a great opportunity for them to connect with other communities and to address misunderstandings. As a result of this reconciliation people from Al Jalabi and Abu Karinka could be reunited and the partner organization reports to have been part of such a special reunification moment when a young woman from Al Jalabi met her uncles (living in Abu Karinka) for the first time. Another example is the CBRM in Um Dukhun (Central Darfur) whose members reported that, as a result of the increasingly peaceful environment, several families from Salamat tribes have returned to Um Dukhun.

EXPANDING AN EARLY WARNING SYSTEM TO ADDRESS CONFLICT

Abgaragil (South Darfur)The partner organization Mercy Corps has worked to expand the existing early warning system in Abgragel (which they created as part of a previous DCPSF project) to the administrative units of Sanidaliba, Marla and Umgonga.

The early warning system informs the community on impending crises and provides preparedness mechanisms to prevent or mitigate risks. The system structure was designed on the basis of available local resources and knowledge. It comprises 13 data collection units with 65 members (including 13 women who represent 13 Women Issues Committees). These groups share information via text message about animal migration, crop destruction, or other challenges to collectively manage issues as they arise.

As text messaging is a key component of the early warning system, Mercy Corps provided the key members with mobile phones and trained them on how to use text messages to disseminate early warning information. Trainings for the members of the early warning system (on conflict prevention, the idea of the early warning system and the reporting mechanisms) remains ongoing.



HEALING AND REBUILDING COMMUNITIES

Um Dukhun (Central Darfur)The partner organization Catholic Relief Services (CRS) invited women and youth groups, officials and diverse tribal leaders to a trauma healing training to introduce community members to what CRS calls the “Healing and Rebuilding Our Communities” approach.

CRS considers this training as the first step in the healing effort – a three-day basic workshop that is designed to help participants examine and discuss the consequences of violence and other traumatic events in their lives. The first day is dedicated to the concept of trauma – the definition, the causes, the symptoms and the consequences. The second day focuses on loss, grief and mourning and provides an opportunity to participants to share their own experiences. This day also examines deep anger and seeks constructive ways to respond to that anger. The last day of the basic workshop looks at trust and mistrust to help participants to reflect on how to build trust in communities with a history of betrayal.

This basic workshop is a corner stone in a larger program designed to build community capacity to respond to wide-spread trauma and to strengthen interconnections and reduce isolation. Many participants in the basic workshop move on to advanced training to become “Healing Companions” in their communities: they are trained to listen compassionately and accompany family members and neighbors on their journeys of healing. Many participants also attend one-day follow-up sessions and community celebrations that bring together everyone in a community that has been through the program.

Similar subtle but powerful effects were noticed with regard to the CBRM training sessions. One partner organization, for instance, reported: “One of the most visible changes in CBRM members, due to the project manual and trainings, is greater acceptance of youth and women by all members”. Another successful training experience is found in the story of Ms. Aisha Adam Abdelrahman, from Kalgo (South Darfur). She is the head of the CBRM in her village cluster and leads the group to resolve everyday issues such as disputes between families, animal theft or petty crimes. Ms. Abdelrahman explained how, during a difficult rainy season, she and her colleagues traveled a long distance on foot and by tuk-tuk to participate in the peacebuilding training. She found that the training was a valuable opportunity to improve their skills and strengthen her CBRM leadership. The Sudanese NGO implementing the project noted that Ms. Abdelrahman’s CBRM solves issues more successfully than any other CBRM in the project area.

Partners also report more general results. In Biliel (South Darfur) for instance, the number of incidents of animal theft and crops damage was much more limited than during previous migration seasons. The community leaders attribute this to the participation of both pastoralists and farmers in the CBRM and other community structures.



3.5 OUTPUT 2 : PEACE DIVIDENDS FOR COMMUNITY INTERDEPENDENCE AND CO-EXISTENCE ARE DELIVEREDSustainable peacebuilding work is supported by visible, tangible results in the community – the “peace dividends”. Under Output 2, DCPSF implementing partners therefore provide peace dividends to strengthen cooperation and collaboration between communities – particularly between pastoralists and farmers in the context of natural-resource driven conflicts.18

General Activities and OutputsThe peace dividends include (but are not limited to): the management and demarcation of migratory routes, the management and delineation of pastureland, the construction and community management of water resources or the provision of essential basic services (e.g. a school or a water point) from which all groups benefit.

This output also includes the development of natural resource management committees that manage conflict-prone shared resources and the construction of community centers that can foster interaction and connectedness among community members. These mechanisms take into account the needs and preferences of both pastoralists and farmers and are viewed as commonly-owned resources that provide space for peaceful co-existence and dispute management.

Table 5 below provides an overview of the achievements under Output 2 in 2018.

OUTPUT 2 INDICATOR ACHIEVEMENTS 2018

2.1 Percentage of community members stating to benefit from the peace dividends

83.8%

2.1.2 Number of active peace dividend activities

368 peace dividend activities, including:219 livelihood activities57 social service infrastructure8 migratory routes demarcated57 communal pasturelands restored27 markets rehabilitated or restored57 social/basic service infrastructure supported

2.1.3 People reached through peace dividends

21,775 (men: 4,991; women: 10,373; young men: 2,691; young women: 3,720)

2.1.4 Subcommittee mechanisms for peace dividends (water, pasture, forest reserves, migration routes, etc.)

137 subcommittees such as NRM committees, water committees, VSLA committees etc

2.2 Percentage of community economic interdependency initiatives that benefit sectors where women dominate (women-specific activities, e.g. cheese-making, handcrafts, village savings and loan associations)

66% (144 initiatives out of 219 livelihood activities)

Table 5: Overview of achievements under Output 2 until end 201819

18 Output 2 is a combination of the old ToR (2014-2018) output 2 and 3. The results were also cumulated.

19 Based on partner reports and perception survey results 2019.



Livelihood Activities in Support of PeaceIn 2018, DCPSF partners implemented 219 livelihood activities. These included the support or establishment of several village savings and loan associations as well as communal farms.

219 NUMBER OF LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES IMPLEMENTED BY DCPSF PARTNERS IN 2018

Village savings and loan associations are usually women-dominated or women-led. Their aim is to provide people with a safety net or basic capital without the risk of external debt. They are, as one partner writes, “an entry point for accessing financial services and building savings”. In having a large representation of women, these village savings and loan associations also empower women to make independent financial decisions. One particularly innovative example was provided by a partner organization that created youth-focused village savings and loan associations. In so doing, the organization hoped to de-escalate the conflict potential and discourage youth from joining any fighting.

Communal farms are another livelihood activitiy that can support peace. In creating cooperative livelihoods, communal farms provide an opportunity for both income generation and trust building. The participants in communal farms come from different tribal groups and the activities usually focus on youth aged 18-35 so as to provide them with an alternative to fighting and violence.

Migratory RoutesIn 2018, DCPSF partners demarcated eight migratory routes. The re-demarcation of migratory routes is especially important since many of the cases brought to the CBRM concern the destruction of crops by animals. Well-demarcated migratory routes provide another opportunity for trust building between different communities – especially between pastoralist and famer communities.

Partner organizations provide several success stories in this respect. In one example, the partner organization met with the Sultan of Dago from Bielel (South Darfur), which resulted in the decision to re-establish migratory route committees at village level. The organization also re-established the migratory route committee for Abgarajel, Marla and Hejair (South Darfur): each community selected seven members to participate in one large committee for the three communities.

Markets as Places of Increased InteractionDCPSF partners supported the construction or restoration of 27 markets. Markets are an important mechanism to increase trade and livelihood opportunities. Simultaneously, however, they reveal mutual dependencies and provide a forum for peaceful, positive interactions which means that they can also build trust between different groups within or even beyond a community.



27 NUMBER OF MARKETS CONSTRUCTED OR RESTORED BY DCPSF PARTNERS IN 2018

DCPSF-funded partner organizations provide several examples of successful interventions to foster these places of commerce and interaction. In El Nadif (South Darfur), for instance, a market was opened to serve both Fellata and Salamat people (who had recently been in violent conflict with each other). The market is currently functioning well and the tribes are trading with each other. Similarly, in Keirna (South Darfur), investments in the market and communal meetings contributed to increased trust among the community members who had previously been in conflict. In another example, the markets in Karakara (South Darfur) had been closed during the conflict but are now reopened and operating on a weekly basis. These markets are now creating a platform for peaceful coexistence where people from different tribes meet and trade peacefully without any incidents.

368 NUMBER OF PEACE DIVIDENDS FOR MUTUAL COEXISTENCE ACHIEVED THROUGH DCPSF PARTNERSHIPS IN 2018



3.6 OUTPUT 3 : WOMEN´S ORGANIZATIONS, INCLUDING THOSE REPRESENTING PASTORALIST WOMEN, EMPOWERED TO MEANINGFULLY PARTICIPATE IN LOCAL AND STATE-LEVEL PEACEBUILDING PLATFORMSWomen have positive roles to play in conflict resolution but are simultaneously adversely affected by SGBV, structural inequality and a lack of access to diverse livelihood opportunities. Hence, it is of fundamental importance for sustainable peacebuilding efforts to engage and empower women in the peacebuilding process.

The DCPSF’s Gender and Peacebuilding Initiative (GPI) is an expression of the DCPSF’s commitment to this inclusive peacebuilding and will inform the activities under Output 3. This initiative not only seeks to contribute to Output 3, but also seeks to strengthen the meaningful participation of women and youth (Output 1) and the access to peace dividends (Output 2).

The GPI consists of two phases. Phase 1 provides a project development grant (of up to US $100,000) for an organization to collect and analyse data for the design of a project plan. On the basis of a thorough review of this project plan, Phase 2 will subsequently provide funding to the selected organization to implement this plan.

The Call for Proposals for Phase I was issued on 18 April 2018 and was open to previous DCPSF partners and to organizations whose mandate addresses gender equality and/or the prevention of gender-based violence. The initial deadline of 20 May 2018 was extended to 20 June 2018 to allow a greater number of organizations to apply. The DCPSF received 17 applications (six international and eleven national NGOs), all of whom were former DCPSF partners or subpartners.

A consultant was recruited to evaluate the applications on the basis of their relevance, research plan and result and organizational performance. All proposals were of similar quality in terms of relevance but the proposals differed in their quality of the research plan and result. The three proposals with the best research approach were selected for the final stage of evaluation. These proposals were subsequently judged on the basis of the organization’s performance and delivery according to the previous records with DCPSF as well as the organizations’ technical capacities on gender and peace as well as their deeper knowledge of the gender dynamics in the context of Sudan. The results were presented to the Steering Committee which chose CARE International as implementing partner who would sub-contract two national NGOs (Global Aid Hand in East and North Darfur and Darfur Development and Reconstruction Agency in Central and West Darfur) to complement CARE International’s own data collection in South and East Darfur so as to ensure the findings would be relevant and applicable across all Darfur.

CARE International was contracted in December 2018 to carry out Phase I of the GPI and is currently gathering information on women participation, women



rights protection, the prevention of SGBV and women as part and parcel of the peacebuilding process. A GPI start-up workshop was held in January 2019 to discuss the project’s objectives and challenges so as to ensure the partner organizations have a common understanding about the project.



3.7 OUTPUT 4 : IMPROVED NETWORKING, COORDINATION AND LEARNING BETWEEN LOCAL AND STATE-LEVEL PEACEBUILDING INSTITUTIONSThe activities under Output 4 include the facilitation of closer interaction between local and state-level peacebuilding mechanisms and of an inclusive state-level context and conflict analysis on the basis of which the DCPSF can prioritize geographic and thematic funding priorities. The new ToR envision a single partner to support this output, but currently active projects already have networking components which also contribute to Output 4. This section presents these networking components that contributed to Output 4 in 2018 but, due to the new focus of this output, cannot yet provide a full results overview.

In 2018, partner organizations supported 48 local civil society organizations through capacity building activities (45 of which are implementing peacebuilding activities). In addition, several partners hosted peace conferences or visits that brought together community leaders and local as well as state authorities. One partner organization, for instance, reports that three meetings took place between the CBRM and the local government in Kutum (North Darfur) and two meetings between the CBRM and the Humanitarian Aid Commissioner at state level. In addition, the CBRM were part of a meeting with Sudanese parliament members from North Darfur. Another partner organization established a peacebuilding forum which conducted two meetings with relevant stakeholders in 2018. Another partner organization reports that the peacebuilding partners created a network group to meet every month to discuss and analyze the general context in East Darfur and to disseminate information, lessons learned and suggestions for improvement.

The partner organizations also work in close coordination with the Ministries of Social Affairs / Welfare and the state-level Peace and Development Centers. The Peace and Development Centers include all relevant peacebuilding stakeholders and seek to coordinate their work on the basis of a regularly updated context and conflict analysis.

CHAPTER 4: GENDER MAINSTREAMING

Wise women’s group (Hakeemat) in peacebuilding event. Adilla locality, East Darfur


CHAPTER 4: GENDER MAINSTREAMING


4. GENDER MAINSTREAMINGThe DCPSF is committed to mainstreaming gender throughout its programming, with a particular focus on strengthening women’s meaningful participation in the peacebuilding mechanisms. For this reason, the DCPSF encourages its partners to pay more attention to gender in their programming. When contracting partners, the DCPSF Technical Secretariat ensured that partners would allocate financial and technical resources to gender, would have a policy for the protection from sexual exploitation and abuse in place and would demonstrate an adequate gender analysis as well as gender-sensitive programming and reporting plans. All partners now provide gender-disaggregated data and reports with some gender sensitivity. In addition, the DCPSF Technical Secretariat asked partners to hire a gender officer and encourages partners to develop and implement trainings and activities that specifically target women.

This has contributed to several succesful gender-related programming results. For instance, local peace mechanisms are being restructured to be more accessible to women: some CBRM have formed female-only subcommittees to increase women’s access to the group and women leadership in CBRM has been enhanced (for the first time, a woman is leading a CBRM (in Kalgo, South Darfur) and two CBRM have women as deputy leaders. Moreover, most partners installed a quota for young female membership in the CBRM. In addition, women are participating in early warning systems to prevent conflict and many partner organizations report an increasing number of women in leadership roles as well as an improvement in the community leaders’ attitude towards the participation of women in peacebuilding.

The DCPSF also contributed to advocacy efforts on gender mainstreaming. In December 2018 (as part of the 16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence) the Resident Coordinator invited DCPSF donors and other distinguished guests to an informal event at the UNDP compound in Khartoum to recognize and celebrate women in peacebuilding. Attendees renewed their commitment to support women as peacebuilders so they can facilitate change in their homes, communities and regions.

CHAPTER 5: DCPSF TECH SECREARIAT


Launching DCPSF Gender project at CO



5. DCPSF TECHNICAL SECRETARIATThe DCPSF Technical Secretariat facilitates the day-to-day operations of the DCPSF and supports the Steering Committee in setting the DCPSF’s strategic direction and priorities. During the reporting period, the Technical Secretariat engaged in several key activities which are outlined below.

DCPSF Technical Secretariat StaffingThe Head of the DCPSF Technical Secretariat departed in March 2018. A new Head was recruited and arrived in June 2018. In October 2018, the DCPSF also recruited a data management consultant to strengthen the reporting, monitoring and evaluation and the evidence-base of DCPSF programming.

Contracting of Partners under the Call for Proposals 2017 and Partner MeetingsThroughout 2018, the DCPSF Technical Secretariat and the UNDP Fund Management Unit completed the disbursement of funding for projects selected under the 2017 Call for Proposals. All partners were fully contracted, had received funds and were able to begin their project implementation by March 2018. Partner onboarding meetings (to share requirements on reporting, monitoring and evaluation tools, communications and gender mainstreaiming) were conducted in Khartoum, El Fasher, Nyala, Ed Daein, and El Geneina. In April and November 2018, two general partner meetings were held in Khartoum. The first one focused on onboarding and provided an overview of the DCPSF while the second one covered gender and peacebuilding mainstreaming throughout DCPSF projects.

Delegation Visits and MissionsIn 2018, the DCPSF Technical Secretariat facilitated four high-level missions. In May 2018, the DCPSF Technical Secretariat hosted a delegation from Switzerland (including the Swiss Ambassador to Sudan) and a representative from the Norwegian embassy in Sudan on a visit to Abga Ragil (South Darfur). The mission visited the DCPSF-supported CBRM and livelihoods initiatives as well as another UNDP Livelihoods Project. The delegation observed that these projects are strong



examples of the humanitarian-development nexus in action. The delegation particularly appreciated the important work of the partner organization Mercy Corps in creating an early warning system around the migratory routes in Abga Ragil.

In August and September 2018, the DCPSF Technical Secretariat hosted two additional high-level delegations from the United Kingdom. Both delegations visited DCPSF projects in North Darfur. The first visit included Lord Tariq Ahmad (UK Minister of State for the Commonwealth) and the British Ambassador to Sudan Mr. Irfan Siddiq. The second visit included a group of UK Members of Parliament (the All-Party Group for Sudan and South Sudan). Both delegations were able to meet with community leaders from Kafoud and surrounding areas to discuss the successes and challenges of peacebuilding in these areas.

In November the DCPSF Technical Secretariat hosted another delegation from Switzerland to Kereinik (West Darfur). The delegation visited the village of Kamkama, which had suffered several cases of seasonal crop destruction by pastoralist-owned animals that escalated into conflict or were never resolved. The delegation was able to see how the DCPSF-funded project had strengthened the CBRM as well as trust and cohesion among the different tribes.

Field Monitoring and Risk ManagementIn addition to facilitating the above delegation visits, the DCPSF Technical Secretariat staff also conducts field monitoring and risk management visits to the field (for a complete overview see Annex). The DCPSF Technical Secretariat conducts regular desk monitoring of the DCPSF-funded activities to critically evaluate the programmatic and financial progress that feeds into the implementing partners’ biannual and annual reports. On this basis, the DCPSF Technical Secretariat provides detailed feedback and continuously works with partners to improve the quality of reporting.

As part of the DCPSF’s commitment to strengthening the role of women in peacebuilding, the DCPSF Gender Officer completed eight training and monitoring missions to Darfur in 2018. These missions focused on strengthening the relationship with partners in general and with their gender focal point where relevant, participating in peacebuilding working group meetings to better understand the partners’ plans for gender and visiting project sites of ongoing projects to see how the partner organizations implemented the inclusion of women in their peacebuilding activities.

In addition to the above, the Technical Secretariat conducted two (sometimes even more) monitoring visits to each project throughout the year. These visits identified project performance issues and challenges, tracked the progress towards reaching the project objectives and, if required, suggested risk mitigation measures.



Conflict Sensitivity and Event TrackerThrough regular analyses, the Technical Secretariat seeks to maintain an up-to-date understanding of the evolving conflict and context in Darfur. For this purpose, the Technical Secretariat continues to collect contextual information from implementing partners to include in the biannual and annual reports. In addition, since July 2018, the Technical Secretariat produces a monthly Darfur event tracker that is based on media monitoring and UN reports.

Peace HubsPeace Hubs are envisioned as a place where all Darfur peacebuilding stakeholders coordinate their work based on a regularly updated context analyses. The DCPSF Technical Secretariat, along with the Council for Peace Promotion and the University Center for Peace and Development Studies, took the first steps towards forming these groups in Central and West Darfur.

Born out of the Fund’s longstanding Peacebuilding Working Group (which included only DCPSF partners) the Peace Hubs provide a broader forum for DCPSF partners as well as other peacebuilding implementers in Darfur to come together to share information and to discuss successes, challenges and ways forward.

The DCPSF is committed to taking action using rapid response funding to establish peacebuilding mechanisms with the affected communities. Hence, future activities of the Peace Hubs will include the facilitation of a mutually agreed closer interaction between local and state-level peacebuilding mechanisms and an inclusive state-level context and conflict analysis based on which DCPSF can prioritize geographic and thematic funding priorities.

Donor visit (UK) to Kafoud village, North Darfur



A market stall vendor in Abukarinka locality, East Darfur

CHAPTER 6: LESSONS LEARNED


6. CHALLENGES AND LESSONS LEARNED6.1 IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES

Economic CrisisFor this annual report, the Technical Secretariat specifically asked partner organizations how the ongoing economic crisis in Sudan is affecting the progress of their projects. All partner organizations reported that cash and fuel problems were affecting their project implementation in some areas.

The inability to withdraw sufficient amounts of cash caused implementation delays while the rising inflation and related worsening of the exchange rate simultaneously meant that partners (who receive their funding in a foreign currency) had excess funds.20 To solve the first issue, some partner organizations were able to negotiate with banks to withdraw large amounts after having given an advance warning. Other partner organizations convinced vendors to accept payment in checks. To solve the second issue, some partner organizations requested to programme additional activities. However, the exchange rate issues also affected the relationship between partners and sub-partners since the subgrant substantially devalued throughout 2018.

The situation was aggravated by a chronic fuel shortage across the country which can make travel to the project sites difficult. The fuel shortage also meant that the costs of construction materials, casual labour as well as the rental prices for vehicles increased. This had particular effects for those partner organizations whose projects included some form of construction work. It also negatively affected the purchase of commodities required for beneficiaries (e.g. veterinary kits or seeds) and hindered the conduct of trainings (which depend on transport providers).

20 Since mid-2018, Sudan has experienced countrywide cash shortages and the amount of cash any organization or person could withdraw from the bank was very limited.



Delayed Project ApprovalsMost DCPSF-funded projects faced delays in getting their technical agreements approved by the government. One partner organization, for instance, wrote: “Getting approval on the NGOs selected for the project took more than four months at the start of the project. [We] were forced to change the selected partners”. To ensure timely project implementations, high level advocacy to encourage faster government approvals might be required.

Logistical and Seasonal ChallengesThe implementation of DCPSF-funded projects can be impeded by logistical and seasonal challenges. One partner organization reports that sometimes the distances between the villages are too far for the CBRM to conduct meetings. Another partner reports that the harvesting season restricted the number of community members that were attending awareness-raising meetings. The planting season similarly means that the target population is focused on agricultural cultivation which makes it challenging for them to fully participate in peacebuilding activities. Another partner notes similar challenges regarding pastoralists: due to the nomadic nature of their livelihood, they are frequently absent from committee meetings.

Tribal Conflict and Locality AffiliationAt least one DCPSF-funded project faced implementation challenges due to complicated tribal relations and locality affiliations. In Sanam Elnaga (South Darfur), for instance, a partner organization faced community leaders who objected to the organization’s project since they considered the project to be a service to the locality of Gereida. Although Sanam Elnaga administratively belongs to Gereida, the community prefers to identify with the locality of Tulus due to tribal conflict and disputes. The partner organization could therefore not implement the project in Sanam Elnaga and had to select another village with similar needs.

Limited Capacity and EducationProject implementation can be impeded by a lack of capacity and training. One partner reports that the CBRM do not having the capacity to resolve crime cases and that the CBRM require training on records keeping and archiving for the completed cases. Another partner notes that the illiteracy among the target communities affects monitoring and recording possibilities and means that it is challenging to find local consultants to undertake trainings, surveys or studies at the local level.

Persistent Power ImbalancesDespite the continuous strive towards inclusivity in the redress of grievances, people sometimes remain reluctant to use the CBRM out of fear for the perpetrators. In one case, for instance, a partner organization reports that “farmers did not inform the CBRM or the court” of a crop destruction “for fear of the pastoralists and the imbalance of power between them”. To mitigate this issue, the partner organization planned to create joint farmer-pastoralist crop protection committees to facilitate the CBRM involvement for similar issues in the future.



Traditional Leadership and Socio-Cultural BarriersAchieving inclusivity in the CBRM can also be challenging because the rotational leadership is often limited to traditional and religious leaders. As one partner writes: “Traditional Leaders declare their support to youth and women inclusion in the CBRM but remained reluctant to accept their opinion”. Hence, partners have noted a continued need to focus on the substantive involvement of women in CBRM as well as diversifying/rotating CBRM leadership to improve programming in the future.

6.2 LESSONS LEARNED FOR THE TECHNICAL SECRETARIAT

Call for Proposals ProcessThe DCPSF Call for Proposals process began in March 2017 but the final contracting of projects was only concluded by March 2018. This is a very long timeline (especially considering the fact that some projects are written to respond to specific conflict conditions on the ground).

Improvements need to be made, in particular, regarding the two-phased application process (which required a Concept Note and a Proposal). The Gender and Peacebuilding Pilot, for instance, therefore only requested a proposal. However, during the initial one-month application period only few organizations applied. This indicates that, in addition to streamlining the application process, better communication about the process and its requirements is necessary.

As noted in the biannual report, the Technical Secretariat’s activities during the next round of funding will therefore focus on streamlining the Call for Proposals process and ensure clear communication in that respect.

Performance Monitoring of Partner OrganizationsPeacebuilding work requires strong networking and a conflict-sensitive approach. Since its inception, the DCPSF has disbursed about US $80 million to its partner organizations. Several partner organizations participated in several Calls for Proposals and were funded repeatedly. Yet, despite this repeated engagement, the approaches across partners diverge due to staff turnover. A systematic approach for documenting the past performance of DCPSF partners and systematic performance monitoring of previous and ongoing partners would therefore be of added value for the future selection of partners.

Conflict SensitivityNo conflict analysis was conducted during the reporting period but plans in this respect are underway. To support this process, the Technical Secretariat needs to consider alternative ways for gathering information (including through local institutions) so as to continuously strengthen the contextual knowledge that supports the overall conflict sensitivity of the DCPSF.


Youth participation in Um Kharain community, South Darfur



CHAPTER 7: TRENDS


7. TRENDS7.1 YOUTH PARTICIPATIONThe DCPSF recognizes the positive role which youth can play in the peacebuilding process and is working to support youth participation throughout the DCPSF-funded projects. In particular, the prominent role which youth play in the political protests which dominated the last quarter of 2018 underlines the importance of youth as key drivers for change. DCPSF-supported partners increasingly realize this and support youth through their activities. DCPSF partner organizations increasingly manage to successfully sensitize communities on this issue and have made deliberate efforts to enhance youth participation in community-level peace structures and processes. Some examples of activities include:

One DCPSF partner organization has engaged youth from the target villages in the podcasting of fodder seeds. The project also established communal farms which youth can utilise to develop income during the post-harvest season.

Another DCPSF-funded partner reports that the selection of CBRM members has resulted in 42% of the members being youth. They have participated in CBRM trainings and have made tremendous contributions to discussions and trustbuilding in the targeted communities. The male and female youth are well accepted among the CBRM members and the project has linked CBRM youth and elderly so as to ensure continuous learning. In one example, this has resulted in four conflicts related to youth unemployment being mediated by the CBRM.

Another DCPSF partner established eight Youth Committees which made positive contributions to dialogue and discussion sessions and to communal activities. In addition, the project organized 15 discussion sessions in the communities which focused on issues concerning the youth (e.g. unemployment, marriage issues, drug abuse, education).

CHAPTER 7: TRENDS


In another example, a DCPSF-supported partner organization encouraged youth to engage in the CBRM, trained sports teams representatives in peaceful co-existence and peaceful communication and supported youth sport activities and carnivals to facilitate community cohesion.

Several DCPSF partners support sport activities that bring youth from different tribes together so as to further encourage interaction, trust and mutual understanding. In Abukarinka and Al Jalabi (East Darfur), for instance, a football match was organized. For many of the participants this was the first interaction they had with members of the other community since the start of the conflict. The youth committees organized football matches between the two towns throughout the following months and hosted one another for Iftars (the breaking of the fast during Ramadan). The football matches were an important event for many community members as some families had not seen each other for decades and were now in tears as they watched the games together.

Yet, challenges remain. Partner organizations mention, for instance, the following issues:

One of the main challenges facing youth in the project area is accessing stable income opportunities following the harvest season. In particular, male youth are often not targeted and the government does not address their needs. This leads to many of them living idle lives in their communities.

Involving youth in peacebuilding initiative is sometimes challenging as some young people might be looking for quick economic gains and money rather than genuine participation. Youth unemployment is an issue in most villages of the project area and solving the underlying problems would require more focus on skills training and education of youth as well as on creating economic opportunities and promoting income generating activities and youth clubs.

It is sometimes problematic to include female youth in activities such as the CBRM since it is customary for unmarried women to not engage in any activities with non-related men. In one case, however, the issue could be overcome by approaching community leaders and key figures to underline the importance of female youth and unmarried women in taking part side by side with youth male and other members in CBRM activities.

As these examples and challenges reveal, the inclusion and active participation of youth remains an ongoing process that requires continuous attention and support. The youth engaged in today’s mechanisms and activities will grow up to be valuable members, or even leaders, of their communities. Hence, youth engagement remains paramount for peacebuilding efforts that aim for sustainable and long-term gains.

CHAPTER 7: TRENDS


7.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYThe DCPSF and its partner organizations do not only seek to improve the social sustainability of peacebuilding efforts but to also make a positive contribution to environmental sustainability. Partners provide several examples of these efforts:

One partner selected, verified and trained 40 male youth on Stabilized Soil Blocks production – an environment-friendly way of construction that preserves natural resources and prevents desertification and soil erosion. Four press machines have been distributed to three target locations as startup tools to establish the production and construction of Stablized Soil Blocks.

Another partner facilitated the establishment of nine community gardens. These gardens were cultivated with assorted vegetables such as cucumber, rocca, okra and radish.

Another partner organized a celebration of International Environment Day. The celebration was an opportunity to raise awareness about climate change, sustainable development, the role of local community committees in reducing deforestation risks and improving the management of natural resources.

Yet, these efforts remain small steps and continuous efforts are needed to strengthen the environmental component of DCPSF activities. Ensuring environmental sustainability is crucial to the mitigation of the frequently natural resources-based nature of conflicts in Darfur and therefore an important component of sustainable peace.

Animal Migratory Route (Rest Area) in Katila Locality, South Darfur


IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS DURING THE REPORTING PERIODORGANIZATION STATE LOCALITIES CALL FOR

PROPOSAL YEARBUDGET ($)

Adventist Development and Relief Agency International (ADRA) West Darfur Kereinik 2017 600,000

Ajaweed North Darfur Kutum 2017 248,251

CARE International Switzerland South Darfur Bielel Gereida 2017 600,000

CARE East Darfur Abu Karinka Assalaya and Ed Daein

2015 650,000

Catholic Relief Services (CRS) Central Darfur Um Dukhun 2017 600,000

Catholic Relief Services (CRS) Central Darfur Mukjar Um Dukhun 2015 650,000

Darfur Development and Reconstruction Agency (DDRA) East Darfur Ed Daein El Firdous 2017 248000

Darfur Organization for Peace and Development Initiative (DPI) North Darfur Saraf Omra 2017 250,000

Darfur organization for peace and development initiative (DPI) (Continues UPOs project) South Darfur Al Radom 2017 85,000

Emergency, Relief and Rehabilitation and Development Agency (ERRADA) South Darfur Katayla 2017 249,920

Global Aid Hand (GAH) East Darfur Abu Karinka Adila and Abu Jabra

2017 250,050

Mercy Corps Scotland (MCS) South Darfur Al Salaam Beleil 2017 600,000

Peace Bridge (PBA) South Darfur Dimsu Buram 2017 249,854

Practical Action (PA) North Darfur Kebkabiya 2015 650,000

Rural Community Development Organization (RCDO) West Darfur Sirba Jebal Moon 2017 250,000

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Central Darfur Umm Dukhun Bindisi and Mukjar

2017 600,000

Welthungerhilfe (WHH) North Darfur Kutum El Fasher Rural 2017 600,000

World Vision International (WVI) South Darfur Katila Edd Elfursan 2017 599,091

ANNEX 1: IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS DURING THE REPORTING PERIOD


RESULTS INDICATOR FRAMEWORK 2018—2021UNDAF OUTCOME INDICATOR MEANS OF VERIFICATION1

UNDAF Outcome 5:By 2021, security and stabilization of communities affected by conflict are improved through utilization of effective conflict management mechanisms, peace dividends and support to peace infrastructures and durable solutions that augment peaceful coexistence and social cohesion.

1. Percentage of community members (sex and age disaggregated) stating they feel safe in their community.(Sub-indicator) % attributing this to the DCPSF intervention.

Yearly DCPSF-commissioned perception survey

2. Percentage of community members who perceive trust with the other group / community / tribe has improved because of the project.(Sub-indicator) % attributing this to the DCPSF intervention.

Implementing partner reports & M&E visit reports and yearly DCPSF-commissioned perception survey

PI 3. Percentage of targeted women community members who feel women’s CSOs represent their interests.

Implementing partner reports & M&E visit reports and yearly DCPSF-commissioned perception survey

DCPSF OUTPUT

Output 1 - Community-based conflict resolution and reconciliation mechanisms are in use and working effectively to resolve conflict.(All relevant indicators to be disaggregated by sex, pastoralist/farmer, tribal affiliation and age).

1.1 % of community members stating they trust CBRM to solve a problem between groups1.1.1 % of community members stating that the CBRM has diverse participation of “men, women, pastoralists and farmers” as well as “others”.1.1.2 % of community members stating a decrease in communal conflicts because of the presence of CBRM.


1.2 % of community members stating satisfaction with CBRM. Yearly DCPSF-commissioned perception survey

1.3 % of women who brought a problem to a CBRM who were satisfied with the resolution.1.3.1 % of community members (male/female) with access to the CBRM.


1.4 Number of community-based conflict resolution and reconciliation mechanisms (CBRM) functioning.1.4.1 % of the number of cases submitted that are successfully addressed.

Implementing partner reports (including CBRM records)

ANNEX 2: RESULTS INDICATOR FRAMEWORK 2018—2021


RESULTS INDICATOR FRAMEWORK 2018—2021UNDAF OUTCOME INDICATOR MEANS OF VERIFICATION1

Output 2 - Peace dividends for community interdependence and co-existence delivered(All relevant indicators disaggregated by sex, pastoralist/farmer, tribal affiliation, and age)

2.1 Percentage of community members perceiving benefit from the peace dividends2.1.2. Number of active peace dividend activities- # Income-generating activities- # Livelihoods opportunities- # Social service infrastructure- # Vocational Training- # Communal events (egg, football)- # Number of Migratory routes demarcated- # Number of areas of communal pasture restored- # Markets rehabilitated or established- # Basic services- Other2.1.3 People reached through peace dividends2.1.4 Subcommittee mechanisms for peace dividends (water, pasture, forest reserves, migration routes, etc.)2

2.1 Implementing partner reports, yearly DCPSF-commissioned perception survey and focus group discussions (to determine the nature of the benefit)

2.2 Percentage of community economic interdependency initiatives that benefit sectors where women dominate (women-specific activities, e.g. cheese-making, handcrafts, village loan and savings associations).

Implementing partner reports & M&E visit reports

Output 3 – Women´s organizations, including those representing pastoralist women, empowered to meaningfully participate in local and State-level peacebuilding platforms.

3.1 Score on test that measures knowledge on peacebuilding programming. Test scores (N/A until Output 3 implemented)

3.2 Score on test that measures key organization development parameters. Test scores(N/A until Output 3 implemented)

Output 4 – Improved networking, coordination, and learning between local and state level peacebuilding institutions.

4.1 Percentage of Peacebuilding Working Group members who used DCPSF context/conflict analysis to inform their programming decisions.

Implementing partner reports and monkey survey among Peacebuilding Working Group members (N/A until after a call for proposals)

4.2 Peacebuilding quality of DCPSF proposals received in Call for Proposals rounds. Focus group discussion with Appraisal Committee members (N/A until after a call for proposals)

4.3. Number of civil society organizations formed or supported4.3.1. Number of civil society organizations implementing and practicing peacebuilding activities


4.4 Number of peace conferences, exchange visits, or other events linking CBRMs to local or state authorities.



RISK AND ISSUES LOG# DESCRIPTION TYPE IMPACT AND PROBABILITY MEASURES OWNER DATE

IDENTIFIEDSTATUS

1 Risk of gaps in peacekeeping activities due to the drawdown of UNAMID & related increased insecurity.

Political & Security.

Impact: Insecurity could increase leading to limited access to communities.Probability: Medium-High

DCPSF TS will coordinate with UNDP Darfur Staff, SLF coordinator, UN RC-HC’s office on withdrawal process.The current field mission will impact with the draw down, however currently DCPSF M&E staff are able to avail GoS escorts to reach out the project locations.

DCPSF TS. June 16Updated Dec 2018.

Ongoing.

2. Lack of cash flow and fuel shortages.

Financial & Political.

Impact: Project implementation could delay or halt due to lack of cash to support project activities or unavailability of fuel to monitor or implement the projectsProbability: Medium-High

DCPSF TS raised this issue to UNDP- Fund Management Unit (FMU). This is beyond TS’s capacity to resolve but TS continuedly advocating to resolve this issue through UN.

GoS, UN & AFPs, DCPSF TS and partners

Jan 2018Updated December 2018.

Ongoing.

2 Risk of delays in obtaining approval for DCPSF activities from authorities- partner projects, surveys, evaluations, etc.

Political. Impact: Project activities are delayed, changed, or cancelled.-Project assessments, baselines, and evaluations lack sufficient evidence to make informed decisions.Probability: High

-DCPSF’S partners will work closely with local HAC to expedite the process.-DCPSF’s partner to involve key local departments and officials in early project consultations and planning phase.-DCPSF TS to consider alternative ways of gathering data, such as using local institutions.

DCPSF TS and partners.

Jan 2014Updated December 2018.

Increasing and partners emphasized this in all reports since 2015.

ANNEX 3: RISK AND ISSUES LOG



IDENTIFIEDSTATUS

3 Breakout of large scale conflict involving or affecting community in the project area which in turn displaces project beneficiaries.

Political /Social

Impact: Project activities cannot be implemented as planned;-New priority needs development after project has been approved and implementation startedProbability: Medium-Low

-Continued close monitoring of conflict situation throughout Darfur.-TS will maintain communication with partners continuously for mitigation measures. -Continue work with National NGOs-DCPSF TS to allow for flexibility in change of activities due to extenuating circumstances

DCPSF TS Jan 2014Updated Dec 2018

Decreasing, but ongoing

4 Lack of qualified Implementing Partner’s project staff because of slow recruitment, staff turnover, low salaries, or injury and accidents.

Organizational Impact: Delays in project implementation; loss of organizational history and learning; quality of project among partners implementation may decrease.Probability: Medium

-Ensure proper documentation of project, key stakeholders and progress/challenges- Long term agreements with partners could succeed in retaining staff with better contractual agreements.

DCPSF TS and Partners

Jan 2015Updated December 2018

Ongoing and identified by several partners.

5 Risk of INGOs or NNGOs being suspended from operating in Darfur.

Political Impact: Assistance for communities might be delayed or cancelled.Assistance may not be provided through a neutral or impartial mannerProbability: Medium

-Advocacy by UN country team and at high level.-Continued close monitoring by TS.-Capacitating local partners to carry out project activities in such situations.-Partners develop and maintain close coordination with HAC and local officials


Nov 2016Updated December 2018

Ongoing

7 Risk of CBRMs becoming inactive when partner support has ended.

Programmatic Impact: The trust and confidence gained during project implementation could be weakened.Probability: Medium

-Strengthen formation of CBRMs and monitor the capacity building of CBRMs.-Work with partners to ensure that they encourage independent and sustainable CBRMs throughout the project.-Discourage partners from using incentives and other payments for CBRM members


Jan2016Updated December 2018

OngoingAnecdotal evidence shows many CBRMs are still functioning. DCPSF TS should seek to verify this in upcoming surveys.



IDENTIFIEDSTATUS

8 Risk of project activities having a negative environmental impact

Environmental Impact: Environmental degradation could reduce sustainability of activities-Impact: Reduction of natural resources could lead to conflict in/between communities.Probability: Medium.

Partners will try to ensure procurement and delivery of items is done to reduce environmental impact as much as possible.New DCPSF Projects should submit environmental impact assessments, with follow up throughout the project.


Jan-2016Updated December 2018.

Ongoing

9 Occurrence of severe drought (floods or other natural disaster) causing crop or pasture failure or low yield.

Environmental Impact: This could contribute to conflict between diverse groups competing for access to natural resources. Low yields could lead to higher prices of food.Probability: Medium.

Use of appropriate inputs e.g. drought resistant crop and pasture seeds used.Support for diversification of livelihoods and sources of income.Support for early warning systems as appropriate.

DCPSF Partners

Jan-2016Updated December 2018.

Ongoing

10 Risk of insufficient funds for partners to implement planned activities due to unexpected rise in inflation, currency exchange rate fluctuation, or sharp increases in price of project inputs which

Financial Impact: this could lead to projects not being completed or being completed with inputs of lesser quality. Also, community expectations could be raised but not met.Probability: Medium.

- Partners are encouraged to purchase goods locally whenever possible.-Close monitoring of market prices and security situation to provide early-warning of price increases and fluctuations.-Transparent decision making with communities regarding the use of project funds and changes in financial resources.


Jan-2016Updated December 2018

Increasing



IDENTIFIEDSTATUS

11 Risk of incorrect attribution or wrong cause-effect analysis of peacebuilding interventions, due to complexity of measuring change in peace, social cohesion, and community perceptions.

Strategic Impact: Incorrect attribution of results could lead to inefficient use of resources and misidentification of programmed strategies.Probability: Medium

-Triangulation of information and results;-Use of multiple quantitative and qualitative tools to measure impact-Continual process of assessment, definition, and revision of Fund indicators, as has happened in the new ToR.

DCSPF TS and Partners

January 2016Updated December 2018.

Ongoing

12 Risk of possible mismanagement of resources (financial or material). If lack of effective internal control mechanisms or if lack of transparency in procurement and contracting processes exists, funds or goods could be lost or misused.

Financial & Reputational

Impact: This could affect efficiency and effectiveness of projects, delays in completion, credibility of all the parties.Probability: High

Financial, procurement, and asset management systems are continually being revisited to ensure effective control.

UNDP FMU, DCPSF Partners


Ongoing

13 Lack of funding to support all aspects of DCPSF at the required level

Impact: Should the contributions from donors decrease, the Fund will no longer be efficient in terms of programmatic versus operational costs.-The Fund risks being implemented in a way that does not reach the desired objectives or the Fund may need to cease operation.Probability: Medium

DCPSF TS and Steering Committee to review and forecast Funds needed and received.Strategic planning includes understanding donor mandates and requirements.

DCSPF TS and Steering Committee

Jan 2016Updated Dec 2018.



IDENTIFIEDSTATUS

11 Risk of incorrect attribution or wrong cause-effect analysis of peacebuilding interventions, due to complexity of measuring change in peace, social cohesion, and community perceptions.

Strategic Impact: Incorrect attribution of results could lead to inefficient use of resources and misidentification of programmed strategies.Probability: Medium

-Triangulation of information and results;-Use of multiple quantitative and qualitative tools to measure impact-Continual process of assessment, definition, and revision of Fund indicators, as has happened in the new ToR.

DCSPF TS and Partners


Ongoing

12 Risk of possible mismanagement of resources (financial or material). If lack of effective internal control mechanisms or if lack of transparency in procurement and contracting processes exists, funds or goods could be lost or misused.

Financial & Reputational

Impact: This could affect efficiency and effectiveness of projects, delays in completion, credibility of all the parties.Probability: High

Financial, procurement, and asset management systems are continually being revisited to ensure effective control.

UNDP FMU, DCPSF Partners


Ongoing

13 Lack of funding to support all aspects of DCPSF at the required level

Impact: Should the contributions from donors decrease, the Fund will no longer be efficient in terms of programmatic versus operational costs.-The Fund risks being implemented in a way that does not reach the desired objectives or the Fund may need to cease operation.Probability: Medium

DCPSF TS and Steering Committee to review and forecast Funds needed and received.Strategic planning includes understanding donor mandates and requirements.

DCSPF TS and Steering Committee

Jan 2016Updated Dec 2018.

ANNEX 4: FIELD VISITS LOG

FIELD VISITS LOGNAME OF PARTNERS

VISIT DATE PLACE OF VISIT STATE NOTES AND CHALLENGES

CRS January 2018 South Darfur. Gender focused monitoring mission to observe gender mainstreaming of the project and make recommendations for improvement.

Care International Switzerland

January 2018 Abu KarinkaAbu SalayaEd Daein

East Darfur The visit found well-functioning CBRMs could be further strengthened by formal linkages to government entities. Indeed, the formal governmental mechanisms established by the state governor at state, locality and administrative levels for taking care of disputes between farmers and pastoralists during the cultivation and harvest period. Many of CBRM members are members of these formal government committees, therefore there a need of coordinating the effort to avoid duplication.

Catholic Relief Services Field monitoring visit

21-25 January 2018

Mukjar locality: Amar Gadid and Dambar

Central Darfur Delay in approval of technical agreement and tribal fighting between Masiria and Salamat during May 2017 contributed in overall delay of implementation. It was observed that income generation groups need to develop some procedures to ensure business sustainability; the partner needs to support IGAs groups to develop some regulations to ensure smooth running of the enterprise and sustainability as well.

Current partners (North Darfur)

February 2018 El Fasher North Darfur Gender monitoring mission to participate on peacebuilding working groups meeting. Partners agreed to establish a Gender Forum in both states.

Practical Action February 2018 Kebkabiya North Darfur Gender monitoring mission found the women’s groups and women CSOs are integrated into the locality development network thanks to the partner’s work, but some challenges to full involvement, namely illiteracy or lack of Arabic language skills among the women.It was further noted the network could be strengthened by more youth involvement.

DPI April 2018 Saraf Omra Locality

North Darfur Fuel shortages hindering delivery in the most remote areas. Partner needs to increase field presence and not just act from El Fasher town to mitigate these concerns.

All new partners (East, South Darfur)

April 2018 NyalaEd Daein

South DarfurEast Darfur

Onboarding mission to orient new partners.Partner meeting about gender mainstreaming. Gaps were noticed and need to hold training on gender and peace in this region a priority and is planned for Q4.

All new partners (North, West, and Central Darfur)

May 2018 El FasherEl Geneina

North DarfurWest Darfur

Onboarding mission to orient new partners.

Catholic Relief Services (Inception visit)

May 2018 Um Dukhun Central West The mission observed a need to coordinate with government, in this case WES, on water improvement plans as there is some overlap that is now being avoided with better communication.




Care International Switzerland (Inception visit)

May 2018 Gereida South Darfur The meeting mainly focused on the issues that arose during the project launching at villages levels, CIS team briefed HAC commissioner about the meeting purposes as well as the mission goals.

All partners July 2018 El Fasher North Darfur The meeting was chaired by DPI organization and hosted by them at their offices in El Fasher town. 12-participant (representing 11-IP) were attended the meeting, while the main topic of discussion was the new WG TOR and presentation of cases by DPI. The minutes are underway

All partners July 2018 Zalanji Central Darfur Inception meeting:The meeting Discuss several DCPSF issues, including:1)The new ToR and its implications on programming, 2) DCPSF Evaluation, 3) Gender call, 4) CA, 5) Peacebuilding Working Group, 6) Peacebuilding Arabic Manual, 7) TS Workplan, 8) IP’s workplan and M&E, besides, 9) the Partner’s performance etc.

UNDP August 2018 Umdukhun locality

Central Darfur UNDP and SORC organized the meeting inviting different actors in the locality. SORC was able to bring its project staff from different bases to Umdukhun to participate in the project inception workshop.Presentation of the project was made by SORC; focusing on activities of the project in all the three project locations, then activities that are planned for Umdukhun locality.

WHH August 2018 Kutum locality Kafoud village

North Darfur Support donor’s visitSupport was provided in regard to preparation to donor visit of (UK Minister of State, Ambassador and the High-Profile staff from UK government and their Embassy in Khartoum).

UK Minister of State, Ambassador and the High-Profile staff from UK government and their Embassy in Khartoum visiting NDS

September 2018

El Fasher North Darfur 1) Context understanding in Darfur, 2) Field visit to North Darfur, 3) Dialogue with partners, beneficiaries and officials in the field,-the delegation, which is formed of 4 members, was supposed to visit the field (WHH project at Kafoud and Abusakin area), however, for some inconveniences they didn’t manged to go to the field, and as a substitute (15 beneficiaries) were brought to El Fasher and had a very productive meeting with them at UNAMID super camp in El Fasher town).

UK Parliamentarian visit to NDS,

September 2018

El Fasher North Darfur Five members of the UK Parliament’s All Party Parliamentary Group on Sudan and South Sudan has visited North Darfur, along with five members of the Sudanese Parliament and one person from the British Embassy. the delegation is also proposed to visit the field (WHH project at Kafoud and Abusakin area), however, for some inconveniences (shortage of time) they didn’t manage to go to the field, and again as a substitute (11-beneficiaries) were brought to El Fasher and had a very productive meeting with the Parliamentarians (at UNDP office in El Fasher town)




DPI September 2018

Al RadoumGirba Umkherein Wadhajam Gebebish

South Darfur Peace conference/ day has been organized, participants were from targeted communities amongst them CBRMs, women groups, youth groups, farmers, herders. CBRMs, youth & women committees were revitalized they are functional in collaboration and coordination with local authorities. Members of 7 CBRMs from the targeted communities were trained for 3 days on peaceful co-existence, mediation and conflict mitigation, transformation, resolution and early warning. Women peace committees received IGA sessions and small business management. Construction of shelters and installation of 3 grinding machines is ongoing in the targeted communities. Market shelter committees were established and functional. Two market shelters were constructed. Water user committee has been revitalized. Water yard has been rehabilitated and properly functions. Fences have been constructed for 3 youth clubs. The construction of fence is ongoing in the fourth club. The construction of shelter of youth club will commence after the rainy season

DDRA September 2018

Ed Daein El Firdouslocality El Riyadh Al Assal Abu Ouud

South Darfur Establishment of 5 CBRM and revitalization of one CBRM in the targeted communities Training session in peacebuilding, conflict resolution and negotiation were organized for the CBRBs Two football teams were formed in each of the 6 targeted communities, and playground were established in each location Women group in were supported in establishing a vegetable garden 3 VSLAs from women groups were established Food processing initiative (bakery) was delivered to youth group in 2 of the targeted communities Construction of 2 community peace centers has been achieved Animal vaccination for livestock has been conducted

CIS Sept 2018 Abu Karinka locality Ed Daein locality El Jallabi Hijleega

East Darfur CBRMs, MRCs, VSLAs have been reactivated and found functional during the visit Community Learning Exchange: a discussion session among youth, women, men led by CBRMs on participation. Construction of 6 community peace centers have been achieved. Demarcation of 2 animal migratory route (western & eastern) have been achieved. Community animal health workers (CAHWs) received a refresher training during the period under review. Animal vaccination for livestock has been achieved Rehabilitation of 4 water points have been achieved Market stall were distributed to the most vulnerable women in the targeted communities.

ADRA October 2018 Krenik locality West Darfur Conducted 7 meetings with 7 CBRMs’ members in 7 locations.Attended session of REFLECR program; it is very interesting methodology for peacebuilding.Met the locality authorities HAC and locality executive directorWomen, youth and water user committees were met during the visit.

All partners Oct to 1 Nov 2018

Zalingei Central Darfur Peacebuilding working groupOverview on DCPSFPeacebuilding projects in Central Darfur Review of Peacebuilding Working Group ToR




DPI October, 2018 Sarafomra Locality

North Darfur The locality commissioner has recognized and appreciated the peacebuilding intervention, Nomads are not included in some CBRMs,There is need to finetune the implementations of the 1) Grinding-mills, b) rehabilitation of hand-pumps, and c) VT workshop and visibility,

ERRADA 5- 8 Nov 2018 KatylaUmbrida Rmealiy Kalgo Kadad

South Darfur • Eight CBRMs were formed and trained in Umbrida, Rmealiy, Kalgo, Kadad, khanagat, Godoul, Tabie and Amoud Tigo • Eight women groups were formed in the above-mentioned communities, gender and peacebuilding training sessions were delivered to them. • IGA training was conducted for eight women groups each of the above-mentioned villages participated with one group. • Youth groups were formed from the targeted communities and they received training in IGA (SSB) • The geophysical survey conducted by WES in October 2018 revealed that the depth of water in • the proposed locations is ranging between 900- 1300 feet while the initial estimation for the depth of 2 submersible pumps were at the range of 150- 250 feet. ERRADA realized that the allocated budget will not be enough to achieve the 2 water points, instead they are planning to conduct the following options: 1. Construct one hand-dug well in Judul village 2. Rehabilitate the hand-dug well in Kadad village 3. Construct 2 additional class rooms and 2 additional office in Kalgo and Umbrida villages. • Water committees have not formed yet, they will be established once the work commence on water points • The demarcation of (Goz-Ereabi) migratory route has started by identifying the length and path of the route. Demarcation poles were not fixed yet. • ERRADA in coordination and consultation with Pasture Departments broadcasted 200 kgs of seed plants (Gu’war, Abu Assabi, Haskaneet and Kireib). The area covered estimated to be 78 feddans. • The construction of 6 classrooms and 2 offices has not yet started in the targeted schools.

WHH November 2018

Kutum Locality, North Darfur -Efficient monitoring system, successful innovation of increasing outreach (through organizing the Cross-tribal peacebuilding workshops) and a useful livelihood approaches of FFS and PFSs, --Involvement of youth and women in the peacebuilding process is questionable,-Lack of Visibility,

Ajaweed December 2018 Kutum and Al Waha Localities,

North Darfur One output ProjectDelay of implementation of project activities, Poor inclusion and representation of minorities, Lack of clear monitoring programme, Very poor visibility sings, Staffing and presence in the field is not clear

RCDO December 2018 Sirba and Jabal Moon localities

West Darfur Two meetings were held; involved members of CBRMs, market committees and women groups for livelihoods initiatives. The meetings were held in Aburemail and Kafani. Furthermore, sites of three markets and two vocational skills centres constructed were visited in Aburemail and Kafani village




ADRA Nov 2018 Keraink locality Kamkama vilag

West Darfur Support donor’s visitThe trip objective was to support preparation for Swiss donor visit to WD, during the visit to targeted communities we conduct the following together with Musa: • During the visit we have informed community the objective of donor visit. • Organization of meeting during the visit: in presence of ADRA field staff, we have discussed several issues concerning donor-community meeting itself including; - Time management: committees to identify specific representatives to speak during the meeting either from CBRMs or REFLECT literacy class women group. - Space: agreed the way the meeting place should be. More space recommended to establish; tents with chairs will be brought and organized. - Visibility and banner: the banner should be placed appropriately and sign board to be installed near the CBRM meeting room. • We have acquainted the participants about the DCPSF and well as main contributors to the fund. • We have explored and discussed on different issues that relate to functionality and sustainability of CBRMs and WUCs, how formation of committees took place initially, records keeping and women participation, trainings received etc. • We have confirmed that CBRM is present and functioning, observations on their records were made; inclusiveness of its membership young women and nomad inclusion. • Women participation in CBRMs, their voice in decision making. • Participation of nomads; there were no nomads present during this preparatory meeting and we noted on that. CBRM members confirmed that nomads have 4 representatives in the CBRM and will be invited to participate in donor meeting. ADRA and CBRM tasked to meet nomads’ representatives tomorrow to orient them on donor mission and invite for participation. • Any changes of visit time will be communicated to them through phone call.

WVI 18- 21 Dec 2018

Katyla locality Betikha Kebabish Haraza Edd Elfursan locality Boba Deleib Dargalla

SD Six CBRMs were formed and functioning in the targeted villages (Boba, Deleib, Dargalla, Betikha, Kebabish, Haraza). Each committee composed of 15 members (10 men & 5 women). Youth male and female are represented in the CBRMs. Training sessions for CBRMs were conducted at community and locality levels. • CBRMs attended training sessions on conflict mapping, conflict assessment, basic conflict resolution skills and management of a community-based conflict monitoring system. • Community meetings were facilitated through which various community concerns were discussed • Approximately 100 cases of various types of disputes were brought to CBRMs for reconciliation, only 5 cases were not settled by CBRMs and referred to court. Two cases of murder were reported to CBRMs in Boba and Deleib communities, one has been handled by the CBRM and the other has been referred to police. • 16 youth farmer groups were supported by seeds (sorghum, sesames, okra, tools like weed remover and hoes). • 16 youth sport team were supported by full set of football uniform, footballs and goal’s nets • One veterinary clinic has been constructed in Dargalla community • Four market shades and stalls have been constructed in Haraza community; each shelter composed of 12 unit-stalls. These stalls will be distributed to vulnerable HHs representing diverse ethnicities in the targeted community. • Nine field agents have been trained for community mobilization and coordination for VSLAs activities.




PBA Dec 2018 Dimsu locality 1. Dimsu 2. Al Rajaj Buram locality 1. AlNadeif 2. Misalha 3. Al Sakhala

SD • PBA project’s staff in collaboration with stake holders managed to bring the two major ethnicities (Salamat of Buram locality) & (Falata of Dimsu locality) to reconcile their conflict in which many people lost their lives from both sides. The government officials and native administration are happy to have such peacebuilding initiative of DCPSF • Besides the positive effect of arm collection campaign led by GoS; the following activities were the major pillars through which PBA managed to bring the two conflicting tribes to peaceful co-existence after a big fight in 2015: a. In May 2018 PBA invited the most influential community leaders from both tribes (Falata from Dimsu locality) and (Salamat from Buram locality) including youth and women to Nyala and organized a peacebuilding workshop for 5 days. The opening and closing sessions were attended by government officials, native administration, DCPSF IPs. This workshop was the first time for both sides to meet and shake hands since the eruption of their conflict in 2015 b. Following the workshop of Nyala, PBA organized other 10 workshops at community level in Dimsu, Al Rajaj, Al Nakhar, Majangary, Karkada, AlNadeif, Misalha, Dandol, Al Sakhala and Al Karadees. These workshops raised the awareness of these community towards the importance of peaceful co-existence and the benefits of peacebuilding and reconciliation between them. c. PBA encouraged intercommunal interaction between the two conflicting tribes through supporting the football teams in both communities, these teams were motivated by provision of football sets and organizing competition matches among the 10 targeted villages. d. Women have been involved through forming 5 CBOs with average of 75 membership per each CBO. e. Training sessions on gender sensitive issues were organized at locality level attended by representatives from all 10 targeted communities f. Open community dialogues were organized on monthly bases in which various issues were discussed with the participation of different community categories g. PBA organized a training session at locality level focusing on networking and peacebuilding culture

ANNEX ENDNOTES 1 Methodology for perception survey to be determined by local context and possibil-

ity to access the communities. Examples of possible methodologies are (a combina-tion of) Key Informant Interviews, Focus Group Discussions and Household surveys.

2 The information monitored is not the number of infrastructure but the management mechanisms.

63D

CPSF

AN

NU

AL

REPO

RT 2

018

Rehabilitated water yard in Um Kharain community, South DarfurFI

ELD

VIS

ITS

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ATE

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D C

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PBA

Dec

201

8D

imsu

loca

lity

1. D

imsu

2.

Al R

ajaj

Bu

ram

loca

lity

1. A

lNad

eif

2. M

isalh

a 3.

Al S

akha

la

SD•

PBA

proj

ect’s

sta

ff in

col

labo

ratio

n w

ith s

take

hol

ders

man

aged

to b

ring

the

two

maj

or e

thni

citie

s (S

alam

at o

f Bu

ram

loca

lity)

& (F

alat

a of

Dim

su lo

calit

y) to

reco

ncile

thei

r con

flict

in w

hich

man

y pe

ople

lost

thei

r liv

es fr

om b

oth

sides

. The

gov

ernm

ent o

ffici

als

and

nativ

e ad

min

istra

tion

are

happ

y to

hav

e su

ch p

eace

build

ing

initi

ativ

e of

DCP

SF

• Be

sides

the

posit

ive

effe

ct o

f arm

col

lect

ion

cam

paig

n le

d by

GoS

; the

follo

win

g ac

tiviti

es w

ere

the

maj

or p

illar

s th

roug

h w

hich

PBA

man

aged

to b

ring

the

two

confl

ictin

g tr

ibes

to p

eace

ful c

o-ex

isten

ce a

fter a

big

figh

t in

2015

: a.

In M

ay 2

018

PBA

invi

ted

the

mos

t infl

uent

ial c

omm

unity

lead

ers

from

bot

h tr

ibes

(Fal

ata

from

Dim

su lo

calit

y) a

nd

(Sal

amat

from

Bur

am lo

calit

y) in

clud

ing

yout

h an

d w

omen

to N

yala

and

org

anize

d a

peac

ebui

ldin

g w

orks

hop

for 5

da

ys. T

he o

peni

ng a

nd c

losin

g se

ssio

ns w

ere

atte

nded

by

gove

rnm

ent o

ffici

als,

nat

ive

adm

inist

ratio

n, D

CPSF

IPs.

Th

is w

orks

hop

was

the

first

tim

e fo

r bot

h sid

es to

mee

t and

sha

ke h

ands

sin

ce th

e er

uptio

n of

thei

r con

flict

in 2

015

b. F

ollo

win

g th

e w

orks

hop

of N

yala

, PBA

org

anize

d ot

her 1

0 w

orks

hops

at c

omm

unity

leve

l in

Dim

su, A

l Raj

aj, A

l N

akha

r, M

ajan

gary

, Kar

kada

, AlN

adei

f, M

isalh

a, D

ando

l, Al

Sak

hala

and

Al K

arad

ees.

The

se w

orks

hops

raise

d th

e aw

aren

ess

of th

ese

com

mun

ity to

war

ds th

e im

port

ance

of p

eace

ful c

o-ex

isten

ce a

nd th

e be

nefit

s of

pea

cebu

ildin

g an

d re

conc

iliat

ion

betw

een

them

. c.

PBA

enc

oura

ged

inte

rcom

mun

al in

tera

ctio

n be

twee

n th

e tw

o co

nflic

ting

trib

es th

roug

h su

ppor

ting

the

foot

ball

team

s in

bot

h co

mm

uniti

es, t

hese

team

s w

ere

mot

ivat

ed b

y pr

ovisi

on o

f foo

tbal

l set

s an

d or

gani

zing

com

petit

ion

mat

ches

am

ong

the

10 ta

rget

ed v

illag

es.

d. W

omen

hav

e be

en in

volv

ed th

roug

h fo

rmin

g 5

CBO

s w

ith a

vera

ge o

f 75

mem

bers

hip

per e

ach

CBO

. e.

Tra

inin

g se

ssio

ns o

n ge

nder

sen

sitiv

e iss

ues

wer

e or

gani

zed

at lo

calit

y le

vel a

tten

ded

by re

pres

enta

tives

from

all

10 ta

rget

ed c

omm

uniti

es

f. O

pen

com

mun

ity d

ialo

gues

wer

e or

gani

zed

on m

onth

ly b

ases

in w

hich

var

ious

issu

es w

ere

disc

usse

d w

ith th

e pa

rtic

ipat

ion

of d

iffer

ent c

omm

unity

cat

egor

ies

g. P

BA o

rgan

ized

a tr

aini

ng s

essio

n at

loca

lity

leve

l foc

usin

g on

net

wor

king

and

pea

cebu

ildin

g cu

lture

Photo credits: Sari Omer

Design and layout: Karin Enskog Ali [email protected]

DARFUR DCPSF - mptf.undp.org

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Transcript of DARFUR DCPSF - mptf.undp.org