Improving Measurement Quality with Signal Conditioning - from
DAQ and Signal Processing - National...
Transcript of DAQ and Signal Processing - National...
Measurement and Signal Processing
Seminar
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Agenda
• About National Instruments
• ACQUIRE
Different hardware platforms for different applications
• ANALYSE
Various programming approaches for analysis needs
• PRESENT
Professional report and User Interface creation
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NI HQ
National Instruments • Leading supplier of computer-based
measurement and automation
• Approx. 5,500 employees in over 40 countries
• Customers in over 30,000 companies
• Investment in R&D: 16% of annual revenue
• Over 600 certified NI Alliance Partners
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The NI Approach to Meeting Today’s Challenges
Low-Cost, Modular
Measurement and
Control Hardware
Productive Software
Development Tools
Highly Integrated,
Expandable Platforms
Used by thousands of engineers and scientists for automated test,
industrial control, and embedded design applications.
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• Ab 20. März 2010:
Ausbrüche an
verschiedenen Stellen
• Ab 14. April Sperrung des
Flugverkehrs in Europa
• Ab wann ist eine sichere
Freigabe wieder möglich?
Eyjafjallajökull
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Eyjafjallajökull
• Wanted: Measurement and analysis system Flexible
Portable
Powerful
Rugged
User-defined programming of measurement and analysis capabilities
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Eyjafjallajökull
• Needed: Ash concentration / composition on location
• Solution: Software-defined PXI-based measurement system
GPS synchronized acquisition of laser reflections
Tests and analysis automated with NI LabVIEW
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Virtual Instrumentation:
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A Single, Unified Platform
Global Services and Support
System Management Software NI TestStand, Switch Executive, DIAdem, Requirements Gateway
LabWindows/CVI Measurement Studio
Drivers and Measurement Services NI-DAQmx, NI-VISA, Measurement and Automation Explorer (MAX)
LabVIEW
Instrument
Communication Modular Instruments Programmable
Automation Controllers
Data Acquisition and
Signal Conditioning
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LabVIEW: Graphical System Design
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LabVIEW: Graphical System Design
Textual Math
Parallel
I/O integration
Statecharts
Timing
Simulation
Data Flow
C and HDL Code
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DEMO with X-Series 3 Icon
Present Analyze Acquire
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Present Analyze Acquire
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Components of DAQ System
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Requirements for Modern Measurement Systems
Requirements vary greatly depending on application area
Complexity / Precision
Typical requirements of today’s complex systems:
•High channel count, distributed
measurements
•High digitizer speeds, high resolution
•RF technology (smart phones, GPS)
Typical requirements of today’s simple systems:
•Plug-and-play experience
•Little or no programming
•Short time to first measurement
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DEMO with X-Series
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What can the X-series PXIe/USB really do ?
• 16 AI, 16-bit, 2MS/s per channel simultaneous sampling (64MB/s per
PXIe card !)
• 4 AO, 16-bit, 3.33MS/s per channel
• 4 counters, 32-bit 100MHz (for frequency, period, pulse and encoder
measurements)
• „Buffered” (sampled) CTR measurements (for synchronized hybrid AIO/DIO
systems)
• Retriggered measurements
• Individual DIO clock/timebase
• Possibility to synchronize AI+AO+DI+DO+CI+CO
• Muliti-board acquisition/synchronization (in PXIe no external clock cables)
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Ethernet CompactDAQ For remote distributed measurement systems
NI CompactDAQ system with
Gigabit Ethernet connectivity and
familiar NI-DAQmx driver support
Simple network connectivity
with “Zeroconf Networking“
Configuration with Web
interface
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DEMO with NI 9188
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Ethernet CompactDAQ Possible network architectures
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7 Hardware-Timed Streams with NI-STC3
• Built-In Timing Engines
3 Analog Input
1 Analog Output
1 Digital Input
1 Digital Output
• Additional Timing Sources
Counter/Timers
External PFI Lines
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New 1-Slot CompactDAQ Chassis
NI cDAQ-9181
1-Slot Ethernet Chassis NI cDAQ-9171
1-Slot USB Chassis
NI cDAQ-9191
1-Slot Wi-Fi Chassis
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Application Areas for Distributed Measurement Systems
Energy Efficiency Smart grid, power monitoring
Environmental Monitoring CO2 emission, climate change
Structural Health Monitoring Bridge infrastructure, building monitoring
Industrial Measurements Machine monitoring, hazardous area measurements
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Distributed System in Hard to Access Fields
•Cutting wires, cuts cost
•Eliminating wires simplifies installation
•Addressing needs of new applications
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WSN System Architecture:
Hardware
WSN Ethernet
Gateway
Voltage
Temperature
Host
Controller
Up to 300m
WSN
Measurement
Nodes
Host
Controller
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WSN System Architecture:
Hardware
WSN Ethernet
Gateway
Voltage
Temperature
NI Ethernet
Switch
Wired Measurements
Wireless Measurements
One Program…
Up to 300m
WSN
Measurement
Nodes
Host
Controller
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WSN System Architecture:
Hardware
WSN Ethernet
Gateway
Voltage
Temperature
Host
Controller NI Ethernet
Switch
Wired Measurements
Wireless Measurements
One Program…
Up to 300m
WSN
Measurement
Nodes
Host
Controller
Can work as
Stand-Alone
or Wired
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NI WSN-9791 Wireless Sensor Network Ethernet Gateway
Features
• 2.4 GHz, IEEE 802.15.4 radio
• 10/100 Ethernet
• Outdoor range up to 300 m
• 9-30 VDC power input
Specifications
• 2U Compact Form Factor
• Panel or DIN rail mounting
• Industrial ratings
• Operating temperature -30 to 70 ºC
• 50 grms shock 5 g vibration
• Status LEDs
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NI 9792: Programmable WSN Gateway
• Basically a cRIO controller +
WSN gateway
• 533MHz processor, 2GB
onboard storage
• 2.4GHz radio
• Integrated Web Server
• Dual Ethernet, USB, Serial
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• Elegantly add wireless I/O to your NI CompactRIO system
• Insert into any slot in your CompactRIO chassis
• With the LabVIEW WSN Module, you can deploy graphical code to perform onboard analysis of strain data or perform local query, command, and parse algorithms on the serial nodes
WSN C Series Gateway
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New NI WSN Nodes
• NI WSN 3226 RTD Node for resistance-based
measurements
(RTDs, thermistors, potentiometers)
• NI WSN-3214 4 Ch, Quarter-/Half-/Full-Bridge
and Strain Gage Node ideal for wireless
structural health monitoring applications
• NI WSN-3230/3231 Programmable 1-Port
RS232/RS485 Serial Node, programmable,
autonomous interface to serial sensors,
instruments, and control boards
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NI WSN Nodes power consumption
• Low power consumption
(ready for energy harvesting)
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NI WSN radio standard features
• NI WSN protocol is based on IEEE 802.15.4
and ZigBee technology
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DEMO with WSN
Temperature RTD Solar Cell
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NI WSN awards
• Winner in the "I/O Systems - Wireless" category
of the Control Engineering Engineer's Choice
Award for 2010
• Design News Golden Mousetrap Award for
Best Product
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Range of Applications
1 to 10,000 Sensors (and beyond!)
USB Single Channel DAQ
USB and PCI DAQ NI CompactDAQ SCXI PXI and SC Express
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The ISIS Proton Synchrotron: Beam Data Acquisition and
Analysis Using NI PXI and LabVIEW
"With guidance from NI engineers, we rapidly created easy-to-use,
well-designed LabVIEW user interfaces to control the systems and
process and display data. These PXI-based systems have contributed
towards a 20 percent increase in accelerator performance."
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Analysis functions
Channel count and properties
Processing power
Software-defined analysis function
Additional modules
Controller performance
Software-Defined Measurement Systems Comparison with Traditional Instruments (Box Devices)
Acquisition
Display
Settings
Processing / Analysis
Vendor-defined User-defined
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PXI – A Standardized Measurement Platform
High flexibility
High performance
Low costs
Compact design
Longevity
Scalability
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Software-Defined Measurement Systems Modular Instruments for
Custom Development of Measurement Systems D
C p
ow
er s
up
ply
Osc
illo
sco
pe
Dig
ital
mu
ltim
eter
Fu
nct
ion
gen
erat
or
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Data Acquisition and Control
Multifunction I/O
Analog Input/Output
Digital I/O
Counter/Timer
FPGA/Reconfigurable I/O
Machine Vision
Motion Control
Signal Conditioning
Temperature
Strain/Pressure/Force/Load
Synchro/Resolver
LVDT/RVDT
Many More. . .
Modular Instrumentation
Digital Waveform Generator
Digital Waveform Analyzer
Digital Multimeter
LCR Meter
Oscilloscope/Digitizer
Source/Signal Generator
Switching
RF Signal Generator
RF Signal Analyzer
RF Power Meter
Frequency Counter
Programmable Power Supply
Many More. . .
Bus Interfaces
Ethernet, USB, FireWire
SATA, ATA/IDE, SCSI
GPIB
CAN, DeviceNet
Serial RS-232, RS-485
VXI/VME
Boundary Scan/JTAG
MIL-STD-1553, ARINC
PCMCIA/CardBus
PMC
Profibus
LIN
Many More. . .
Others
IRIG-B, GPS
Direct-to-Disk
Reflective Memory
DSP
Optical
Resistance Simulator
Fault Insertion
Prototyping/Breadboard
Graphics
Audio
Many More. . .
PXI Products. . .Over 1,500 and Counting
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PXI – A Standardized Measurement Platform From Laboratory via Industry and Mobile Applications
Mobile/Embedded Laboratory
• Manufacturing test
• Design validation
• DAQ systems
• Hardware-in-the-Loop
• Mobile test systems
• Design validation
• Rapid control prototyping
Industry
• Production test
• DAQ systems
• Machine condition
monitoring
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4-Slot PXI Express Chassis
NI PXIe-1071
•NI PXIe-1071
•Up to 4 slot wide embedded or
remote controller
•3 peripherial modules
•x4 PCI Express connection
•Peripherial slots accept PXI Express
or PXI hybrid-compatible
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9-Slot PXI Express Chassis
NI PXIe-1078
•NI PXIe-1078
•Up to 4 slot wide embedded or
remote controller
•8 peripherial modules
•x1 PCI Express connection
•Peripherial slots accept PXI Express
or PXI hybrid-compatible
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Common PXI timing infrastructure
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DEMO with PXI
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The Role of Signal Processing, Analysis and Math
Acquire Present
Signal Processing, Analysis and Math:
Fundamental Components of
Virtual Instrumentation and Graphical System Design
Analyze
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Three Common Data Processing Strategies
Inline Data Processing
Data processing occurs in the same
application as data acquisition.
Inline Data Processing Example
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Three Common Data Processing Strategies
Inline Data Processing
Data processing occurs in the same
application as data acquisition.
Offline Data Processing
Data processing occurs in a separate
application from data acquisition.
Offline Data Processing Example
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Three Common Data Processing Strategies
Hybrid Processing Example
Hybrid Data Processing
Only imperative processing is done inline before data
is saved to file for offline processing at a later time.
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Built-in VIs for Signal Processing, Analysis and Math
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Built-in VIs for Signal Processing, Analysis and Math
• Signal Processing & Analysis Waveform Generation
Waveform Conditioning
Waveform Monitoring
Waveform Measurements
Signal Generation
Signal Operations
Windows
Digital Filters
Spectral Analysis
Transforms
Point-by-Point
• Mathematics Numeric
Elementary and Special Functions
BLAS/LAPAC-based Linear Algebra
Curve Fitting
Interpolation / Extrapolation
Probability and Statistics
Optimization
Ordinary Differential Equations
Geometry
Polynomial
Formula Parsing
1D & 2D Evaluation
Calculus
Zeros
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Domain-Specific Signal Processing and Analysis
Advanced Signal
Processing
Digital Filter Design
•Wavelets Time-Series Analysis
•Independent Component Analysis
•Principal Component Analysis
•Model-Based Spectral Analysis
•Time-Frequency Analysis
•Gabor
•STFT
•FIR / IIR Filter
•Design
•Analysis
•Quantization
•Fixed-point Modeling
•Fixed-point Simulation
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Wavelet coefficients
where:
s(t) – input function
Ψ(t) – wavelet function
a – scaling coefficient
b – translation coefficient
Sum over all time of the signal
multiplied by scaled, shifted versions of
the wavelet function
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Fourier transform vs. Wavelet transform
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Wavelet Applications
• Noise removal (denoise)
• Extracting high frequency content (detrend)
• Signal compression
• Compression post-processing
• Image analysis (edge detection)
• Seismic analysis
• Engine knock detection
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DEMO with Wavelet Analysis
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Sound and Vibration Order Analysis
Distortion, Octave Analysis, Swept
Sine, S&V Level, Frequency
Measurements, Limit Testing,
Transient, Time-Domain Integration,
Weighting, Waterfall Plot, …
Order Tracking, Order Extraction,
Online Order Analysis, Order
Spectrum Selection, Tachometer
Signal Processing, Waterfall
Displays, Orbit / Polar Plots, Bode
Plots, …
Domain-Specific Signal Processing and Analysis
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DEMO with Order Tracking
DATA
Analyze
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Modulation Spectral Measurements
Analog / Digital
Modulation/Demodulation, Channel
Models, Bit Generation, Bit Error
Rate, Channel Coding, Modulation
Measurements, AWGN, Phase
Noise, Constellation Plots, Eye
Diagrams, …
Zoom FFT, Power-in-Band,
Adjacent Channel Power, Tone
Detection, …
Domain-Specific Signal Processing and Analysis
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LabVIEW for Inline Data Processing
Visualization
Reporting
Analysis
Integration
.NET Assembly, C DLL, .m File
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Solve Problems Effectively with a Variety of Programming Models
Packaging User Experience Value
Express VIs Immediate interactive feedback
Fixed functionality
Mostly configuration, minimum wiring
Ease-of-Use
Interactive
Up-and-running quickly
Waveform
Measurements
Focused domain-specific functionality,
nomenclature
Dataflow execution
Reduced wiring
Direct interface to HW
Benchtop equivalence
Follow Nyquist theorem
Array-based /
Point-by-Point
Processing
Flexible building blocks
Generic functionality, nomenclature
Dataflow execution
Requires wiring
Comprehensive
Enables custom
implementation
Interactive
MathScript
Window
Immediate feedback
Sequential execution
Command line or batch script
Textual syntax
Interactive
Implement, Debug, Optimize
Up-and-running quickly
MathScript
Node
Sequential & dataflow execution
Batch script
Textual & graphical syntax
Combined graphical / textual
experience
Graphical
Dataflow
Graphical
+ Textual
Textual
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Choose the Most Appropriate Syntax
• Graphical, Textual, or a combination
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Choose the Most Appropriate Syntax
• Graphical, Textual, or a combination
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Configuration-Based Analysis
Configuration window
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• Text-based Signal Processing, Analysis and Math within LabVIEW Over 700 built-in functions
Reuse many of your .m file scripts created with The MathWorks, Inc.’s MATLAB® software and others
Based on original math from MATRIXx
• A native LabVIEW solution Does not require 3rd party software
Interactive GUI
Programmatic: Graphical plus textual math
MathScript
MATLAB® is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. All other
trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
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Interactive Math with the MathScript Window
• Fully integrated into LabVIEW Access from LabVIEW menubar (ToolsMathScript Window) No need for 3rd party applications
• Interactive interface Enter .m file script commands,
see immediate response Open / run saved .m file scripts View:
• Text output • Command history • Variables • Plots
Textual
Output
Command
Window
MathScript
Window
Variables /
Script /
Command
History
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Programmatic Math with the MathScript Node
• Combine graphical system design with textual math
• Implement equations and algorithms with text
• Deploy with LabVIEW graphical programming Input and Output variables created on the border
MathScript
Node
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Instrument Your Algorithms with LabVIEW
MathScript
Window
MathScript
Node
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DEMO with MathScript Node and Window
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Formula Node
• Perform mathematical operations
• If statements, while loops, for loops, and
do loops
•Useful for equations that have many
variables
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DEMO with Formula Node
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Inline Processing with LabVIEW FPGA
Flexibility
• Reconfigurable through software
True parallel processing
• Simultaneous parallel circuits
• No CPU time sharing
High Performance
Reliability
Offload processing
Cost
Compact Vision
System PCI R Series
Multifunction RIO
FlexRIO
PXI R Series Multifunction
RIO CompactRIO
RIO Instruments Single-Board
RIO
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Inline processing on RT and FPGA targets
Extreme Ruggedness • –40 to 70 °C temperature range • 50 g shock, 5 g vibration
Low Power Consumption • 9 to 35 VDC power, 7–10 W typical
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Inline processing on RT and FPGA targets
• Reconfigurable FPGA for high-speed and custom I/O timing, triggering, and control
FPGA
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Inline processing on RT and FPGA targets
• Reconfigurable FPGA for high-speed and custom I/O timing, triggering, and control
• I/O modules with built-in signal conditioning for connection to sensors/actuators
FPGA
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Inline processing on RT and FPGA targets
• Reconfigurable FPGA for high-speed and custom I/O timing, triggering, and control
• Real-time processor for reliable measurement, analysis, connectivity, and control
• I/O modules with built-in signal conditioning for connection to sensors/actuators
Real-Time
Processor
FPGA
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Inline processing in RT CPU
FPGA Xilinx
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Inline processing in RT CPU
PCI
Chassis with FPGA
O
u
t
p
u
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s
I
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p
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t
s
Controller with RTOS
CPU
RAM
HDD
FPGA Xilinx
Controlled System
MATH
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Inline processing in RT CPU
PCI
Chassis with FPGA
O
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p
u
t
s
I
n
p
u
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s
Controller with RTOS
CPU
RAM
HDD
FPGA Xilinx
Controlled System
MATH
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Inline processing in RT CPU
PCI
Chassis with FPGA
O
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p
u
t
s
I
n
p
u
t
s
Controller with RTOS
CPU
RAM
HDD
FPGA Xilinx
Controlled System
MATH
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Inline processing in RT CPU
PCI
Chassis with FPGA
O
u
t
p
u
t
s
I
n
p
u
t
s
Controller with RTOS
CPU
RAM
HDD
FPGA Xilinx
Controlled System
MATH
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Inline processing in FPGA
PCI
Chassis with FPGA
O
u
t
p
u
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s
I
n
p
u
t
s
Controller with RTOS
CPU
RAM
HDD
FPGA Xylinx
Controlled System
MATH
MATH Monitoring
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Analyze Acquire Present
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NI DIAdem for Offline Data Processing
Ready-to-use data search and mining
Easy, flexible access to databases and files
Interactive analysis and report generation
Completely automatable environment
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Report Results Load Data
Analyze Data Inspect Data
The Typical Data Processing
Workflow Find Data
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The Typical Data Processing
Workflow Find Data
Load Data
Inspect Data Analyze Data
Report Results
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DIAdem is Designed for Offline Processing
Find and Load Data
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DIAdem is Designed for Offline Processing
Find and Load Data
Inspect Data
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DIAdem is Designed for Offline Processing
Find and Load Data
Inspect Data
Analyze Data
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DIAdem is Designed for Offline Processing
Find and Load Data
Inspect Data
Analyze Data
Report Results
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DIAdem is Designed for Offline Processing
Find and Load Data
Inspect Data
Analyze Data
Report Results
Automate DIAdem
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NI DataFinder and DataPlugin
Technology
How do I get data out of my files and into NI DIAdem for offline data processing?
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A Scalable Data Management
Solution…
•Description •Title •Author
...etc
•Name •Comment •Unit •Sensor Info
...etc
DataPlugins extract metadata from any
custom file format (including TDMS)
NI DataFinder builds searchable
database index automatically
•UUT •Procedure
...etc
…built right into NI DIAdem for free
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1 Toolbar with various graphics
cursors
2 Group bar with various screen
partitions
3 2D axis system
4 Axis toolbar
5 Worksheet tab
6 Textbox
7 Curve symbol in legend
8 Coordinate window
9 Channel table
Viewing, Measuring, and Editing Data
DIAdem Main Components - VIEW
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1 Toolbar with Calculator
2 Group bar with standard
mathematical functions
3 Protocols of the calculations
4 Data Portal with the original
data and the result data
Analyzing Data
DIAdem Main Components - ANALYSIS
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1 Toolbar with alignment
functions
2 Format bar
3 Group bar with axis systems,
tables, graphics, and
decorations
4 2D axis systems
5 Worksheet tab
6 2D table
7 Integrated graphic
8 Text
Documenting Data
DIAdem Main Components - REPORT
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1 Toolbar with recording mode
and editing functions
2 Group bar with dialog box
definitions
3 Script editor with script
4 Information area
Automating Recurring Work Sequences
DIAdem Main Components - SCRIPT
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DEMO with DIAdem
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User Interface in LabVIEW
decibel.ni.com/content/groups/ui
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DEMO
User Interface in LabVIEW – mobile phone
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• Do they know as much as you (they never do)?
• How will they interact with the application?
• Why are they using your software?
The software (and UI) should support their goal
Think About Your User
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Giving your UI a Custom Look
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Adding an Image to the Front Panel
• As simple as Copy and Paste!
• Use an image editor to erase, add transparency
• Populate native LabVIEW controls
Start: PowerPoint Clipart
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Components of a Control (Slide)
Needle, Fill
and Scale
Array
Index
Pixel
Decrement
Pixel
Increment
Cosmetic
Housing
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Components of a Control (Gauge)
Needle, Ramp
and Scale
Array Index
Extra Frame
Part
Housing
Frame
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Customizing a Gauge Control
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Present Analyze Acquire
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Services
• Repairs
Normal
Expedited/Advance
• Trainings (our office or on-site)
Training programs
• Calibration (our laboratory or on-site)
Traceable
ISO17025
acredited
112
Questions ?
Thank you !
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NI Days 2011 • In-depth Technical Sessions
Software and Data Acquisition
Automated Measurements and Test
Industrial and Embedded Technology
Academic and Research Solutions
• Networking with NI Product Users
• Exhibition Floor
• Hands-on Experience. Try the tools by yourself.
• Free a Certified LabVIEW Associate Developer (CLAD) Exam
Date and Location in Romania
• November 3, 2011 - Bucharest, Romania
Questions?
• Email: [email protected]
• Web: romania.ni.com
• Toll free phone number: 0 800 894 308