Dantherm - Fluegas Treatment
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Transcript of Dantherm - Fluegas Treatment
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Dantherm Filtration
flue gas cleaning for power generation and waste treatment plant
Dantherm presentation
Presented by
Anon Sukman
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Introduction Legislation in Germany
German Legislation:
(17. BIMSCH)
SO2: < 50 mg/m (N)
HCl: < 5 mg/m (N)
HF: < 1 mg/m (N)
Dust: < 5 mg/m (N)
Total heavy metals:
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Introduction
Dantherm Filtration has developed different prozesses for flue gas treatment.The target of all flue gas treatment systems are:
Insuring the necessary clean gas level as requested by the authoroties Minimising investment and complexibility of the system High relaibility by a system as simple as possible Minimising the usage of additives
Allowing different kind of additives depending on the requirements andtotal cost
All systems offered by DTF are based on the flat bag filter technology asdeveloped by DTF more than 30 years ago.
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Development of flue gas treatment in Germany
Start of use 1970 to 1980 1980 to 1990 1988 to 1990 1990 to now 1990 to now 1990 to now
Process/Technology complex scrubber dry sorption dry sorption
semi dry
sorption dry sorption dry sorption
lime injection with conditioning by sprayabsorption with conditioning bicarbonateinjectionand bag filter lime injection
and bag filterand bag filter and recirculation,
lime injection andbag filter
and bag filter
Additive in use CaO Ca(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 CaO / Ca(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 NaHCO3
EfficiencySO2 removal % 90 70 to 75 75 to 80 85 to 90 95 95HCL removal % 99 98 99 99 99 99
Criteria
Investment - - - + + + - - - + + + +Additive cost + + + - - - + - -
Disposal of additives cost + + - - - - - - - +
Operating cost - - - + + + + - - + + +realibility + + + + + + + + + +Space requirement - - - + + + + - + + + +
Control ability + + + + + + + + +
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Compare investment cost
SpraySprayabsorbtionabsorbtion
rotating discrotating discwith reactorwith reactor
SpraySprayabsorbtion fixedabsorbtion fixednozzles withnozzles withreactorreactor
DanthermDantherm
RotosorpRotosorp
system withsystem with
recirculationrecirculation
of reacted limeof reacted lime
productsproducts
investmen
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Selection of best available technology
The known and proven systems in Europe are defined by theThe known and proven systems in Europe are defined by theadditve used:additve used:
A)A) Ca(OH)2 or CaOCa(OH)2 or CaOB)B) Natriumbicarbonate NaHCO3 (baking soda)Natriumbicarbonate NaHCO3 (baking soda)
Both systems are widely used and both of them haveBoth systems are widely used and both of them have
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Selection of best available technology
Ca(OH)2 + SO2 CaSO3 + H2O
Ca(OH)2 +2 HCl
Ca(OH)2 + 2 HF
CaCl2 + 2 H2O
CaF2 + 2 H2O
LimeLime based processbased process
Na2CO3 + SO2 + 1/2 O2 Na2SO4 + CO2
2 NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2Omin. 140 C
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Selection of best available technology
LimeLime based process, additive cost*based process, additive cost*
* *
Ca(OH)2Ca(OH)2 100 Euro/ton100 Euro/ton
DisposalDisposal 100 Euro/ton100 Euro/ton
ConsumptionConsumption total acids x 2total acids x 2
,,
NaHCO3NaHCO3 200 Euro/ton200 Euro/ton
DisposalDisposal 220 Euro/ton220 Euro/ton
ConsumptionConsumption total acids x 2total acids x 2
*cost base: Germany, 2004*cost base: Germany, 2004
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Dantherm process for lime
Ca(OH)2
Gas coolingGas cooling-- optionoption
ReactorReactorwithwithfluidisingfluidisingrotorrotor
DustDustcollector withcollector withremoisturingremoisturing
systemsystem
M
M
combustionand boiler
Gas cooling - opition-
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Dantherm process for BiCar
Gas coolingGas cooling-- optionoption
Static mixerStatic mixerfor particlesfor particlesand gasand gas
DustDustcollectorcollector
Waste
M
M
combustion
and boiler
NaHCO3
Gas cooling - opition-
M
high speed mill
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Need for Gas cooling systems
Lower gas temperature in D/CLower gas temperature in D/C
allows low price bagsallows low price bags
improves efficiency of SOx removalimproves efficiency of SOx removal
improves removal of D/Fimproves removal of D/F
Selection of gas coolingSelection of gas cooling
Water
fluegas
fluegas, aftercooling
fluegas
fluegas, aftercooling
Gas cooling byGas cooling bywater spraywater spray
Gas cooling byGas cooling by
heat exchangerheat exchanger
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Need for Gas cooling systems
Heat
Selection of gas coolingSelection of gas cooling
Target:Target: keep constant temperature in Dust collector 160keep constant temperature in Dust collector 160 CC
Cooling required:Cooling required: 250 down to 160250 down to 160 CC
Criteria
crosscounterflowfluegas/air
vertical withfixed spraynozzles
flue gas with heigh HCl + + + - - dust agglomeration can be avoidedflue gas with heigh Sox - + + + heigh moisture improves Sox removal
Investment - -
Additive injection - +Operating cost + + - -
realibility + + + +Space requirement + + +
Control ability + + -
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ROTOsorp system for flue gas cleaning
Dantherm FiltrationDantherm Filtration
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Filter dust hopper
Gas inlet toreactor
Dust collectorwith bags
Gas outlet to collector
ROTOsorp system for dust fluidisation
ROTOsorp chainrotor for
Dust fluidisation
Filter dust forwaste
Filter dust forrecirculation Double shaft mixer forDouble shaft mixer for
remoisturingremoisturing
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Rotor with chains
during rotation
ROTOsorp chain rotor for flue gas cleaning
Rotor with chains
during still stand
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Open design, no reduction of open area in
flow direction this avoids any additional
pressure drop in the mixing section
Rotation of the chains in flow direction,
dust and lime will be fluidised and
reinjected into the gas stream
ROTOsorp Rotor design
features
ROTOsorp chain rotor for flue gas cleaning
Design of the chain rotor has proven its
ability and function for many years in the
lime and gypsum industry
Since 1997 the system is used for flue gas
cleaning applications ( about 20 systems)
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Layer of liquid
Steam partial pressure = saturation pressure
Partial pressure of steam at particle surface
(improvmend of reaction for SOx treatment)
Gas phase
Lime particleLime particle
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600
700800
900
1000
g/Nm3 SOx- Rohgas
SOx- Reingas
Linear SOx- Roh asEfficiency 94 %
SOx- removal at 140% water
0
100
200
300
400
10:58:05 11:05:17 11:12:29 11:19:41 11:26:53
Zeit
SOx
m
Linear (SOx- Reingas)
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Hydrated Lime microstructure
Traditional hydrated lime WLFRAsorp A WLFRAsorp D SP /Spongiacal
Specific surface of limeSpecific surface of lime
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1. Purpose
DISA employs white hydrated lime (Calcium hydroxide = Ca(OH)2) according to this specification in gas
cleaning plants, especially chemical sorption plants, in order to bind acid crude gas components.
Burnt lime (CaO) and lime stone (CaCO3) are in no way suitable for this application.
2. Definition
White hydrated lime (CaCO3) is won from limestone after burning and slaking; it mainly consists of
calcium hydroxid (Ca(OH)2).3. Requirements DIN 19611
Mercantile form: dry powder
Appearance : white
Loss of drying (105 C) : max. approx. 1 %
Content of Ca(OH)2 : - water soluble min. approx. 85 %
Specification of hydrated Lime
- . .
Grain size : grain on screen 0,090 mm max. approx. 0,5 %grain on screen 0,063 mm max. approx. 2,5 %
grain on screen 0,030 mm max. approx. 15 %
Bulk weight (bulk feeding) : max. approx. 400 g/ccm
Specific surface area : min. approx. 15 m/g
4. Suppliers / Supplied qualities
In the FRG normally a quality according to DIN 19611 is used, offered from all well-known lime suppliers.
The requirements mentioned in point 3 exceed those of DIN 19611, but normally the main producers stickto the qualities delivered.
5. Controls
5.1 Content of water soluble Ca(OH)2; see DIN 19611
5.2 Total content of Ca(OH)2; titratable with HCl against neutral red
5.3 Grain size; grain size determination by means of air breath sieving
5.4 Bulk weight; see DIN 19611
5.5 BET-surface; unusual special determination for lime industry
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Limitation of ROTOsorp process
too high off gas temperatures from boilers (> 220too high off gas temperatures from boilers (> 220C) and highC) and highcontents of HCl (> 1500 mg/m) as this requires too much coolingcontents of HCl (> 1500 mg/m) as this requires too much coolingby water, which increases the total moisture content in flue gas andby water, which increases the total moisture content in flue gas and
especially in recirculated dust. As the CaCl2 is very hygroscopic,especially in recirculated dust. As the CaCl2 is very hygroscopic,high water content in the gases will create strong agglomerationhigh water content in the gases will create strong agglomerationduring the remoisturing and refeeding.during the remoisturing and refeeding.A solution could be to useA solution could be to usethe Dantherm Gas cooling system with heat exchanger flue gas tothe Dantherm Gas cooling system with heat exchanger flue gas to
..
too high concentration of SO2 (> 3000 mg/m) and very low outlettoo high concentration of SO2 (> 3000 mg/m) and very low outletconcentrations at the same time (
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Dantherm Filtration system for BiCar
Dantherm FiltrationDantherm Filtration
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Dry Sorption with Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate
T > 140 C
2NaHCO3
Na2CO3 CO2 H2O
+ +
Thermal activation of sodium hydrogen carbonate
bicarbonate de sodium
avant activation thermique
carbonate de sodium activsodium hydrogen carbonatebefore activation
sodium hydrogen carbonate
after activation
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Big-Bag -
Station
BiCar handling with big bags
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Mixing reactor (static mixer for flue gas and BiCar)
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Supplement additives for D/F
Dioxin treatment withDioxin treatment withactivated carbonactivated carbon
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High porosity
Carbon structure
Activated carbon microstructure
Types of sorption:
Physical adsorption
Chemical sorption
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Specification of activated carbon
Activated carbon componentIn Germany there are in principle two product groups available, which are of basic difference.1) There are the known activated carbons of different manufacturers, which have been developped, modified andsometimes particularly impregnated for certain applications in the chemical and general process technology for
reactions in the gas- and liquid phase.2) In addition a by-product of the lignite coke treatment so-called open-hearth furnace coke HOK (internaldenomination of Messrs. Rheinbraun Braunkohlenkoksstaub BKKS) proved to be suitable for the describedprocess technology. It is a by-product of a mass production and is not refined. The product is even offered as millactivated.For the separation of mercury and PCDD/-F both products proved to be successful. Experiences show, that A-coal
-pore volume. Considering the PCDD/-F-separation the differences are much smaller.The pre-mentioned differences are observable in the consumption quantities resp. in the achievable emissionlevels.
Remark: When using carbonaceous products the danger of fire and explosion has to be taken into
account.
In order to avoid fires of inflammable dusts an inert material, such as e.g. hydrated lime, can be
injected, as thiselement is not combustible (see sep. safety instructions).
There is practically no danger of explosion up to a C-content of 35 weight% (in homogeneous
particle mixture) and an
operating temperature of < 200C .
For further information:
W. Wiemann, DMT Dortmund:
Crude gas cleaning with combustible dusts (VDI-report)
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Carbon additives comparision
Re asons for the select ion of an addit ive type,
comparison of characteris t ics
Gen era l :
Du e to the subject-minded product ion of specia l ac t ivated carbon types as h ighly act ive adsorpt ion agent their qual i ty iscons tant and the m ater ia l character is t ic wi th in nar row specif icat ion l imits are re l iab le . By m eans of var ious dop ing ra tes
specia l character is t ics are adjus ted according to subject .
Ligni te coke du s t as mass product has a w ider d ispers ive band and no sp ecia l character is t ics .
Safety aspects :
Both m ater ia ls require com parable safe ty measures . Th e d is t inguishing f igures to be taken in to account are very s imilar
.
Un der cer ta in condi t ions act ivated carbon can of fer sma l l advantages .
Reduct ion of pol lutant:
In general , both adsorber types are su i table for the separat ion . Dif ferences can especia l ly be found concerning them ercury separat ion capaci ty . Du e to the m ore favourable sur face and pore con tent h igher loads can be achieved with
infer ior res idual par t ic le emiss ions .
Spec if ic costs:
Th e subject-minded prod uct ion of act ivated carbon as h ighly act ive adsorpt ion agent is re la ted to corresponding cos ts ,
represented in pr ice . The m ater ia l pr ice of 1 .500 - 2 .000D M/to is about factor 3 h igher than the pr ice for HOK .Becau se of the bet ter ef fic iency of act ivated carbon in case of the separat ion of Hg at about factor 2 , the u t i l isa t ion of act ivated carbon can lead to the m os t favourable ad di t ive and d ischarge cos ts in case of h igh H g crude ga s charges ( > 1
m g/m ) and low em iss ion levels ( < 0 ,025 mg/m ) .
I n mo s t o f th e cru d e gas c lean in g ap p l ica t ion s HO K p roves to b e th e m os t favou rab le C -ad d i t ive comp on en t .
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Dantherm Filtration standard components
Dantherm FiltrationDantherm Filtrationdust collector systemsdust collector systems
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DTF additive handling and feeding with big bags
Alu plants
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DTF additive handling and feeding
Additive weighing hopper(installed on load cells)
Dosing feeder controlled byfrequency convetor
Low pressure pneumaticconveyour with injector
Alu plants
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Gas Cooler Type KU
DTF cooler with airDTF cooler with air
recirculation,recirculation,
cooler in doublecooler in double
deck arrangementdeck arrangement
withwith
cooling fans withcooling fans with
noise insulationnoise insulation
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Gas Cooler cleaning device
DTF cooler cleaningDTF cooler cleaning
device,device,
automatic systemautomatic system
using chainsusing chains
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for Biomass and waste combustion
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Waste combustion with spray absorption
Process: limeProcess: lime
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Waste combustion with spray absorption
Process: limeProcess: lime
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Waste combustion with spray absorption
Process: limeProcess: lime
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Biomass combustion Malchin (near Berlin)
Process: limeProcess: lime
Bi d W t b ti H EKT (B li )
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Biomass and Waste combustion Harpen EKT (Berlin)
Process: limeProcess: lime
Biomass combustion Wilmersdorf (Berlin)
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Biomass combustion Wilmersdorf (Berlin)
Process: BiCarProcess: BiCar
Biomass combustion Wilmersdorf (Berlin)
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Biomass combustion Wilmersdorf (Berlin)
Process: BiCarProcess: BiCar
SO ti t G l t
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SOx sorption at Gypsum plant
Process: limeProcess: lime
SO ti t G l t
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Fluegas cleaning for Gypsum calcination with brown coal burner
Customer: Felswerke
Flow : max. 92 000 m/h i. B. bei max. 159 C
Inlet concentration SO2 : max. 1600 mg/m i.N.trClean gas concentration SO2 : < 350 mg/m i.N.tr (Warranty)Recirculationamount : 20 m/h d.h. ca. 10.000 kg/h
Fresh additiv : max. 135 kg/h, Limehydrate
SOx sorption at Gypsum plant
Process: limeProcess: lime
DTF Ai fl l i f IMCO f
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DTF Air flue gas cleaning for IMCO furnace
DTF gas cooler with noiseDTF gas cooler with noise
abatementabatement
Flue gas volume
before cooler: 52.000 Nm/h
Temperature in : 300C
Temperature out: 125C
Cooler cleaning: automatic
DTF Ai fl l i j t f POLST
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DTF Air flue gas cleaning project for POLST
DTF Ai fl l i j t f POLST
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DTF Air flue gas cleaning project for POLST
Customer POLST, Poland
Gascooler type: 2 x KU 722/10,0/ 840/4
Dust collector type: 2 x FS 722 /8,5/1190
Filterfabric: Polyester
Fule gas volume: 135.000 Nm/h
Temperature range: 150 - 230 C
Residual dust content:
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DTF Air flue gas cleaning project for POLST
DTF gas coolerDTF gas cooler
DTF dust collectorDTF dust collector
DTF Air flue gas cleaning project for POLST
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DTF Air flue gas cleaning project for POLST
DTF Air flue gas cleaning project for Trimet; Germany
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DTF Air flue gas cleaning project for Trimet; Germany
Customer Trimet, Germnay
Gas cooler type: 2 x 722/6/504
Including warm air recirculation into building
Dust collector type: 2 x FS 725 /6,0/840
Filterfabric: Polyester
Fule gas volume: 113.000 Am/h
Temperature range: 60 - 120 C
Residual dust content:
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DTF Air flue gas cleaning project for Trimet; Germany
Gas cooler with warmGas cooler with warmair recirculationair recirculation
DanthermDanthermdustdust
collectorscollectors
Dust handling by big bagDust handling by big bagsystemsystem
DTF Air flue gas cleaning for reverb furnace
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g g
DTF dust collectorDTF dust collectorwithwith ROTOsorpROTOsorp
processprocess
Hydro bilder undHydro bilder und
ZeichnungenZeichnungen
with regenerativewith regenerative
burnersburners
Scrap : windowScrap : window
frames with paintframes with paint
Flue gas volume
before cooler/ filter: 45 000 Bm/h = 26,500 Acfm
Temperature in max : 135C = 255 F
Warranty D/F: < 0,1 ng/Nm or 2g/ton scrap
DTF Air flue gas cleaning for reverb furnace
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g g
DTF Air flue gas cleaning with ROTOsorp
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DTF Gas cooler system for Aluminium plant
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Cooler with air recirculationCooler with air recirculation
Cooler with auto cleaning systemCooler with auto cleaning system
Cooler with air recirculationCooler with air recirculation
Lime recirculationLime recirculation
DTF reference plants (selected)
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