dantes sub abuse.doc

7/27/2019 dantes sub abuse.doc

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"Opioid" is another word for "_____". opiate

18.2% of unemployed persons report ________ drug use compared to only 7.9% of those withfull time jobs and 10.7% of part time employees. illicit

95% pure alcohol is called _____________ spirits grain neutral

___ involves using electric shock to induce convulsions in mental patients.ECT -Electroconvulsive therapy

___ is normally ineffective when taken orally and is usually snorted, smoked, or taken byinjection. DMT

___ is sometimes known as angel dust. PCP

___ was originally used as a surgical anesthetic and has hallucinogenic effects different from

LSD and mescaline (peyote cactus). PCP

____, also known as Ecstasy, produces both stimulant and hallucinogenic effects. MDMA

____-acting barbiturates or benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed to prevent Alcoholwithdrawal symptoms. Long

_____ _______ studied cocaine for its potential as a treatment for a variety of ailments includingdepression and morphine dependence. Sigmund Freud

_____ drug use refers to using a drug with a specific functional purpose--not for recreation

Instrumental

______ causing chemicals contained in tobacco are called nitrosamines. Cancer

______ cocaine is not water soluble but can be converted to a water soluble cocaine salt if it isdissolved in citric acid ( for example, vinegar or lemon juice). Crack

______ factors refer to how the drug actually affects the body. Pharmacological

______ is an antipsychotic medication used for treating psychotic disorders including Tourette'ssyndrome. Haldol

______ is the brand name for naloxone. Narcan

_______ % of all US deaths are tobacco-related. 20

_______ drugs are illegal to own or use. Some examples are cocaine, LSD and marijuana.Illicit


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_______ is absorbed most quickly through smoking and intravenous injection. Cocaine

_______ is drinkable, is the psychoactive ingredient in alcoholic beverages, and is also known asgrain alcohol. Ethanol

_______ professionals and their staff are the most likely to abuse nitrous oxide. Medical

_______ withdrawal often lacks the severe physical symptoms that occur with heroin or alcoholwithdrawal. Cocaine

________ _______ is another term for alcohol withdrawal symptoms, especially fever, tremblingand hallucinations. Delirium tremens

________ _________ is the biological name for marijuana. Cannabis sativa

________ antipsychotics are effective at reducing both the positive and negative symptoms of

schizophrenia. Atypical

________ brought tobacco to Europe after his voyage to the Americas. Columbus

________ can be found in many over-the-counter drugs. Caffeine

________ drugs are developed to eliminate the illegality of a drug by modifying a drug into anew compound. Designer

________ is a drug used for treating alcoholics. It makes them extremely sick if they drink evena small amount of alcohol. Antabuse

________ is a substance that is responsible for more adverse health consequences and death thanany other. Nicotine

________ is used primarily in conjunction with surgical anesthesia and is approximately ahundred times as potent as morphine.Fentanyl

________ symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech andbehavior. Positive

________ the proof number is the percentage of alcohol by volume. one half

________, benzodiazepines and opioid narcotics are also used for this purpose. Alcohol

________, tobacco and marijuana are commonly called gateway drugs. Alcohol

_________ ________ occurs after using a nasal spray regularly for longer than the recommendedperiod. Congestion rebound


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_________ are the oldest stimulants known. They are found in tea, coffee, soft drinks andchocolate. Xanthines

_________ drugs produce wakefulness and a sense of energy and well-being. Stimulant

_________ is a neurotransmitter associated with aggression and regulation of body weight.Serotonin

_________ is an effective antipsychotic drug with the unfortunate side effect of inhibiting whiteblood cell production. Clozapine

_________ is often referred to as the brain's major excitatory neurotransmitter. Glutamate

__________ is the generic name for THC in capsule form and is approved by the FDA forstimulating appetite in AIDS patients. Dronabinol

___________ and Chondroitin are both herbal dietary supplements that contribute to jointstrength and are used to used to relieve the discomfort of arthritis. Glucosamine

___________ disease is a degenerative neurological disease involving damage to dopamineneurons. Parkinson's

___________ is a precancerous lesion caused by chewing tobacco. Leukoplakia

___________ is considered the fifth and final stage of drug addiction. Withdrawal

____________ drugs are drug compounds (substances) that affect the central nervous system and

alter consciousness and/or perceptions. Psychoactive

____________ is the process by which sugar is converted into alcohol through the biochemicalaction of yeast. Fermentation

_____________ are drugs which cause hallucinations. They alter the way a user perceives realityand can affect emotions. Hallucinogens

_____________ classified as Phantastica are not very toxic and allow the user to remain incommunication with the present world. Hallucinogens

_____________ Syndrome is a collection of physical and behavioral abnormalities that seems tobe caused by the presence of alcohol during development of the fetus. Fetal Alcohol

______________ and antipsychotics are two groups of drugs used to treat the symptomsassociated with psychosis. Phenothiazines

______________ and antipsychotics are two groups of drugs used to treat the symptomsassociated with psychosis.


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The _________ policy of the FDA concerns taking some prescription medications and removingthe prescription requirement and making the drug available via OTC. switching

______________ are significantly better than placebo treatments in reducing psychoticbehaviors. Phenothiazines

______________ are unhealthy because they interfere with REM sleep. Sleeping pills

______________ do not cure mental illnesses but they do control the symptoms sufficiently topermit patients to live and work in society. Antipsychotics

_______________ and Ritalin are two drugs commonly used to treat ADHD.Methylphenidate

_______________ are the most widely prescribed types Sedative-Hypnotics.Benzodiazepines

_______________ is a highly addictive stimulant that is cheaper and much longer lasting thancocaine. Methamphetamine

_________________ are commonly prescribed for anxiety disorders. Benzodiazepines

__________________ is the most serious side effect of long term antipsychotic drug treatment.Tardive dyskinesia

___________________ are not regulated as OTC drugs. They don't have to be shown to beeffective, and the amount of supposed active ingredient varies extensively.Dietary supplements

___________________ syndrome (NAS) is a group of problems that occur in a newborn whowas exposed to addictive, illegal or prescription drugs while in the mother's womb.

Neonatal abstinence

A _______ drug is capable of passing the blood-brain barrier and influencing the brain's activity.psychoactive

A ________ book written in 2737 BC by Chinese emperor Shen Nung contains the earliest

reference to Cannabis.pharmacy

A BAC of 0.05 results in lowered alertness and a BAC of ____ results in death (lethal dose).0.4

A common lung disease caused by smoking is _________. emphysema


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A drug is categorized as Schedule _ if it has a low potential for abuse, a currently acceptedmedical use in treatment in the United States, and its abuse may lead to limited physical orpsychological dependence. V

A drug is FDA approved for OTC (Over the Counter) sales only after an advisory panel agrees it

can be used safely when following the __________ on the label. directions

A key belief of Alcoholics Anonymous is that alcohol dependence is an _________, progressivedisease characterized by a loss of control over drinking. incurable

A person suffering from ________________ will exhibit symptoms of both depression andmania. bipolar disorder

A person under the influence of CNS depressants will appear drunk. Intoxicating effects includedrowsiness, slurred speech, and ___________. staggering

A person who has narcolepsy falls ______ as often as 50 times a day. asleep

A recent study indicated that persons aged 26 to __ were most likely to have used marijuanasometime during their life. 34

A single shot of heroin lasts ___ hours. 4-6

A situation where repeated administration of the same dose of a drug results in gradually___________ effects is called tolerance. diminishing

A substance that has less potential for abuse than the drugs or other substances in schedules I and

II, has a currently accepted medical use in the US, and whose abuse may lead to moderate or lowphysical dependence or high psychological dependence is listed under Schedule ___. III

A typical progression of drug use starts with ___________ and alcohol, and then marijuanabefore moving on to the stronger drugs, which is why these drugs are often called "gateway"drugs. cigarettes

According to a 1997 report, alcohol is involved in more than ___ thousand deaths in the US eachyear. 100

According to a recent study, men and women from ______ backgrounds are more likely to

smoke and less likely to quit the habit. poorer

According to a recent survey, __% of Americans have used marijuana in their lifetime. 41

According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the typical narcotic habit costs $100 per ___.day


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Acne and baldness in men, decreased breast size and facial hair in women are some of the sideeffects associated with ________________ use. anabolic steroid

Adopted sons whose __________ fathers were alcohol dependent have a much greater thanaverage chance of becoming alcohol dependent than adopted sons of non-alcoholic fathers.

biological

Advertising restrictions, smoke-free indoor air, _____ on tobacco products and limiting youthaccess to tobacco are all examples of tobacco control laws. taxes

After a patient receives their first dose of lithium it takes at least __ days to see results. 10

Age ___ and older showed sharp drop in use. 26

Alcohol ______, is the tendency for someone under the influence of alcohol to focus on the hereand now and to pay less attention to long term consequences. myopia

Alcohol dependence as a disease is also known as disease model of alcohol dependence and thisconcept did not become really popular until ______________________ began to have a majorinfluence in the 1940s and 1950s Alcoholics Anonymous

Alcohol is the drug most often associated with _______ crimes; in many cases, it is present inboth the assailant and the victim. violent

Alcohol is the second leading substance abuse related cause of premature death amongAmericans (________ is first). tobacco

Alcohol withdrawal seizures may occur 6 to __ hours after the last drink. 48

Alcohol withdrawal symptoms are more severe and more likely to cause death than withdrawalfrom _______.heroin

Alcohol, barbiturates, inhalants, and sleeping pills and sedatives are all ___________.depressants

Alcohol, cigarettes, and _________ are called gateway drugs because their use is often believedto lead to the use of other stronger drugs. marijuana

Alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic _________, and cirrhosis are all liver disorders associated withheavy use of alcohol. hepatitis

Alcoholics, who experience mild to _________ alcohol withdrawal symptoms, can usually betreated on an outpatient basis by a healthcare professional. moderate

All reinforcing drugs (drugs that reinforce their use) stimulate dopamine neurons in the__________ system. mesolimbic


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Almost ___ % of 8th graders have abused an inhalant sometime in their life. 20

Almost all alcoholics suffering from withdrawal symptoms (about __%) can be treated inoutpatient programs. 95

Almost all of the ______________ and other conventional antipsychotics producepseudoparkinsonism. phenothiazines

Also known as narcotics, _______ are a group of analgesic drugs that cause a dreamlike state;high doses can induce sleep. opioids

Also known as synthetic drugs or synthetic ________, these are designed to get around existingdrug laws. Often they involve modifying the molecular structure of an existing drug. Ecstasy isan example of a designer drug (today it's illegal and is an illicit drug). opioids

Although they were originally called _____________, antipsychotics are drugs used to treat

psychosis without producing drowsiness. tranquilizers

American _______ / Alaska Natives are the racial ethnic group that report the highest illicit druguse for the past month. Indians

Amnesiac and anesthesia effects are common among hypnotics when used in _____ doses.high

Amphetamine abusers often use ___________, such as barbiturates to counteract the hyperactivefeelings associated with high doses of amphetamines. depressants

Amphetamines can be taken orally, intravenously or by _______. smoking

An increase in the heart rate and reddening of the ____ are the two most consistent physiologicaleffects of smoking marijuana.eyes

An interesting effect of LSD use is that of ___________, a "mixing of senses." synesthesia

An irregular _____ _____ is called arrhythmia. heart beat

Anabolic steroids are _________ drugs designed to build muscle mass while minimizingmasculinizing effects attributed to testosterone. synthetic

Anabolic steroids build muscle mass by stimulating the conversion of _________ into tissue.nutrients

Another principal factor that affects drug use is __________. contextual

Another way of saying placebo effect is ___________ effect. nonspecific


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Another word for _________ is painkiller. analgesic

Another word for ____________ is euphorigenic. intoxicating

Another word for ____________ is psychedelic. hallucinogen

Antipsychotic drugs are grouped into two categories--conventional antipsychotics and ________antipsychotics.atypical

any substance that modifies mind or body function by distorting enhancing, or inhibiting themdrug

Approximately 20 years ago, heroin was replaced by _______ as the most abused illicit drug inthe US (other than marijuana). cocaine

Approximately _% of alcoholics, who experience alcohol withdrawal symptoms, must be treated

in a hospital or in an alcohol rehabilitation facility that specializes in detoxification. 5

Approximately __% of people who use marijuana become addicted to it. 10

Aspirin is one of the most popular OTC drugs in the US. It is used for its analgesic, anti-____________and antipyretic effects. inflammatory

At first, tobacco was almost universally accepted as a ________. medicine

BAC level in an individual is influenced by drinkers body type, food in the stomach,concentration of alcohol, and ____ of consumption. rate

Because _______ is lipid soluble, it is easily absorbed by the liver, heart, brain, lungs andreproductive organs. toluene

Because drug use can be found in all parts of society regardless of income, education,occupation, social class, and age, it is called an ________ ________ affliction. equalopportunity

Because heroin is more _______ ________, it is more potent and faster acting than morphineeven though the effects of the two substances are identical. lipid soluble

Because inhalants are so readily _________, they present a special problem for prevention.available

Because of cross tolerance, methadone is effective at reducing the severity and delayingsymptoms associated with heroin withdrawal. Methadone is a __________ opioid.synthetic

Because their effect varies depending on the dose, CNS depressants are said to be _____________. dose dependent


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Beer is created by adding ______ malt to cereal grains. barley

Benzodiazepines are classified by their ________ of action.duration

Both barbiturates and _______________ affect the neurotransmitter GABA.

benzodiazepines

Both tricyclics and MAO inhibitors interfere with the reuptake of the neurotransmitters______________, dopamine, and serotonin. norepinephrine

Bupropion is an ________________ used to reduce nicotine withdrawal symptoms.antidepressant

By the 1850s, the temperance movement supported not only a ban on distilled spirits but also aban on all __________ beverages. alcoholic

Caffeine is the world's most popular drug and frequently used _________. stimulant

Cannabis (marijuana), Anabolic Steroids, Inhalants/Organic Solvents and narcotics are alsofound to be among the most ________ abused drugs. commonly

Cannabis addiction is ______ harmful than addiction to tobacco, prescription drugs or alcohol.less

Cannabis sativa originated in Asia but now grows worldwide. _____ ____ is made from thefibers of this plant. hemp rope

Cannabis was declared illegal in the US in the year ____. 1937

Cannabis withdrawal syndrome (is or is not) listed in the Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-IV). Is Not

Cardiac arrhythmia is a condition that occurs during ________ ________ ________ syndrome(SSDS) sudden sniffing death

Cause of death with opioid overdose is usually suppressed __________. breathing

Chemicals in the brain that produce effects similar to morphine and other opium derived drugs

are called __________. endorphines

Cirrhosis is a _____ disease which results from alcohol abuse and is the seventh leading cause ofdeath in the U.S.. liver

Clonidine can be administered by a _____________ ______, which gradually releases the drugover a seven day period. transdermal patch


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Clonidine is an opioide agonist drug (similar to methadone) used in heroin ______________.detoxification

Clove cigarettes contain ___% more tobacco as well as more tar and nicotine than regularcigarettes. 60

CNS ___________ that cause drowsiness and promote sleep are called hypnotics. depressants

CNS ___________, including barbiturates, inhalants and benzodiazepines all have effects similarto alcohol. depressants

CNS depressants include: alcohol, ______________, opioids, benzodiazepines and barbiturates.antihistamines

CNS depressants that promote relaxation and relieve anxiety are called _________.sedatives

Cocaine ___ (Hydrochloride) is water soluble and can easily be injected intravenously. HCL

Cocaine is a ___________ controlled substance. Schedule II

Cocaine is absorbed so well into ________ __________ that it remains in use for surgery in thenasal, laryngeal, and esophageal regions. mucous membranes

Cocaine is derived from the ____ plant. coca

Cocaine is used for _________ ___________ and vasoconstriction for surgery of the mouth,

nose, and throat. topical anesthesia

College _________ had the lowest rate of current use of illicit drugs. graduates

Columbus was presented tobacco by natives of ____ __________ in 1492 and he brought it withhim back to Spain. San Salvador

Common opioids include morphine, codeine, _____ and methadone. heroin

Commonly called "_______ _____", nitrous oxide is a gaseous anesthetic first used in the early1800s in medicine and surgery. laughing gas

Considerable evidence supports the idea that some degree of vulnerability to alcohol dependencemight be _________. inherited

Contextual factors refer to how physical ______________ affect drug use; i.e. being at home vs.being in a rock concert or in a dance club. surroundings

Crack is also known as "_____". rock


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Crack is obtained by mixing cocaine with simple _________ chemicals, including baking sodaand water, and then drying it--resulting in a lump of smokable cocaine. household

Cronic malnutrition causes _______ damage. tissue

Cross tolerance exists between LSD, mescaline and __________. psilocybin

Current medical applications for cocaine are as a local __________ for ear, nose, and throatprocedures. anesthetic

CYP450 enzymes ______ toxic chemicals once they are eaten. eliminate

Damage to the neurotransmitter _____________ is associated with Alzheimer's disease.acetylcholine

Depressants _________ the rate of various vital physiological activities, especially those of the

central nervous system. decrease

Despite popular belief to the contrary, heroin is not __________ addictive. instantly

Diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine and promethazine are examples of OTC and prescription______________ used as CNS depressants. antihistamines

Dopamine, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate, and endorphins are all_________________ associated with the actions of the psychoactive drugs.

neurotransmitters

Drug _____ is to use a drug in a situation, manner or amount that it causes social, psychological,physical or occupational problems. abuse

Drug ____________ occur when a drug enhances or inhibits the effect of another drug.interactions

Drug assistance programs for drug-dependent employees are called _________. EmployeeAssitance Programs

Drug dependence is made up of both ________ and psychological factors. Physical

drug detoxification often relies upon ___________ substitution

Drug induced respiratory depression is also called _______________ and is a common type ofdrug overdose death. hypoventilation

Drug misuse is the inappropriate use of OTC or ____________ medications. prescription

Drug testing in sports began in the ____s. 1960


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Drug use can be detected in urine for up to 5 days, in saliva for up to 1 day and in hair samplesfor up to ___ days. 90

Drugs are more likely to produce psychological dependence if they have a _____ onset. rapid

Drugs are said to be ______ ________ when tolerance to one reduces the effectiveness of eachof the others. cross tolerant

Drugs designed to treat _________ _________. are being used as effective mood stabilizers.epileptic seizures

Drugs include any substances which can impair a person's ability to _______ function in society.safely

Drugs prescribed to control symptoms associated with ______ problems are calledpsychotherapeutics. mental

Drugs that block the action of morphine, heroin, or other opioids are called opioid ___________.antagonists

Drugs used to relieve _______ are called anxiolytics. anxiety

Drugs which cause a loss of ______ are called Amnesiacs. memory

Drugs which enhance the sense of touch are called ___________. Entactogens

Drugs which suppress the appetite are called ___________. anorexiants

Drugs with a high potential for abuse, no currently accepted medical use in the US, and declaredunsafe are listed under Schedule _. I

Drugs with a high potential for abuse, with a currently accepted _______ use in the US, whoseabuse may lead to severe physical or psychological dependence are listed under Schedule II.

medical

Drugs with a long half life stay in the body for a very long time without significantly diminishingin strength, for example, ________ ________. blood thinners

During the 1800s, opium and morphine were the active ingredients found in many American________ ________. patent medicines

Ecstasy falls under the category of synthetic or _________ drugs. designer

Employee Assitance Programs or EAPs can also be known as _____ of Assistance programs.cost


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Ethylene glycol alcohol is poisonous and is a primary ingredient of __________. antifreeze

Even the newest ______________ drugs are only a little better than placebo. antidepressant

Examples of damage to the cardiovascular system caused by medical doses of amphetamines

include increased heart rate, raised _______ _________, and damage to veins and arteries.blood pressure

Examples of licit drugs, include alcohol, tea, coffee, _______ and over the counter (OTC) drugs.tobacco

Examples of opioid antagonists are _________, nalorphine and naltrexone.naloxone

Examples of Schedule I drugs include _______, LSD, and marijuana. heroin

Examples of Schedule II drugs include ________, opium, and amphetamines. cocaine

Examples of Schedule III substances include anabolic _________ and GHB. steroids

Excessive use of caffeine is called _________. caffenism

Excessive use of either cocaine or amphetamine can result in paranoid psychosis in which theindividual loses touch with reality and experiences auditory ______________. hallucinations

Family and friends of controlled users are often completely unaware of this person's drug use.Controlled users place ___________ constraints on their drug use, for example never on aworkday, never around children, etc. artificial

Fast acting drugs are the most likely to produce _____________ dependence. psychological

FDA approved THC in capsule form is called _______. Marinol

Federal laws which prohibited the sale of alcohol from 1920 to ____ are called prohibition.1933

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a condition affecting children born to alcoholic mothers,characterized by facial deformities, growth deficiency, and ____________________. mentalretardation

Flashbacks are the recurrence of certain aspects of the drug experience weeks or months after anindividual has taken ___. LSD

Floaters (chippers) usually don't maintain their own supply of drugs but prefer to use other'sdrugs.


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Experimenters primarily restrict drug usage to ______________ settings and are motivated bypeer pressure and curiosity. recreational

Fluoxetine (_______) is safer than tricyclic antidepressants as it is less likely to lead to overdosedeath. Prozac

For a drug to be ____________, its molecules must be capable of passing through the blood-brain barrier. psychoactive

For a given class of ___ drug, all the competing brands contain the same few active ingredients.OTC

For many years, ___________ sleeping pills were the drug of choice for people wishing tocommit suicide. barbiturate

For some drugs, the dependence is mostly _______________, whereas for others, a user may

develop a heavy physical dependence on the drug with just a few uses. psychological

GABA is a very widespread inhibitory neurotransmitter and ________ tends to have widespreadinhibitory effects on neurons in the brain. alcohol

Gender affects BAC because the average female has a higher proportion of _________ andtherefore, for a given weight has less volume in which to distribute the alcohol. body fat

Generally _________ refers to the psychological attachment to a drug. addiction

Generally addiction refers to the ______ attachment to a drug. psychological

GHB is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid associated with _____ ____. date rape

GHB is most well-known for its use in substances that disable users and make them vulnerable tosexual assault. _________ is another drug of this type. Rohypnol

Glaucoma is a leading cause of ______ and its treatment is one of the possible medical uses ofmarijuana. blindness

Half life refers to how long a drug is ______ in the body. active

Hashish comes from the concentrated ______. resin

Hashish is the most ______ cannabis preparation, it's THC level can be as high as 28%. potent

Headaches, nosebleeds, nausea, drunken appearance and ______ eyes are all signs of inhalantabuse. watery


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Heart rate and blood pressure are two of the many functions regulated by the _________ nervoussystem. autonomic

Herbs and _________ were used by early Greeks in Olympic games to enhance theirperformance. mushrooms

Heroin illegally imported from Mexico is called _____ ____. Black Tar

Heroin is classified as a schedule __________ drug. Schedule I

High School ____ had the highest rate of current use of illicit drugs (9%). dropouts

higher tolerance to heroin also results in higher tolerance to morphine and ________.codeine

Historically, as _______ use declined, amphetamine use increased. cocaine

Hormones and _________________ are two types of chemical signals important for maintaininghomeostasis. neurotransmitters

Ice is a form of methamphetamine that can be ______. smoked

Ice is also known as "______________". crystal meth

If all of the following consumed the same amount of alcohol at the same speed, which one wouldhave the highest BAC? (120 pound woman, 135 pound woman, 150 pound man, 170 poundman). 120 pound woman

illicit drug use, cocaine, marijuana, etc Illegal Recreational Use

In 1970, the FDA limited the legal use of ____________ to three medical conditions: narcolepsy,ADHD, and short term weight reduction programs. amphetamines

In a double blind procedure, neither the patient nor the doctor know whether the subject isreceiving a _______ or an experimental drug. placebo

In a recent study, 65.6% of full time employees reported _______ use within the past month.alcohol

In a recent survey, __ percent of high-dose marijuana users reported some withdrawal symptomsupon quitting, most commonly nervousness and sleep disturbance. 16

In addition to vitamins and minerals, the FDA defines dietary supplements as substances such asherbs, extracts of herbs, ___________ and concentrates. amino acids


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In high doses or if combined with alcohol, barbiturates can stop a person's __________.breathing

In laboratory studies, the balanced placebo design is used to separate the pharmacological effectsof alcohol from the alcohol __________ effects. expectancy

In order to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in pharmacologically significant amounts, thedrug must be lipid soluble and have a molecular weight ____ than 400 Daltons. less

In the 1960s and 1970s an ergogenic drug commonly used by American ________ players wasamphetamines. football

In the 2003 National Survey on Drug Use, only 1.6 percent of U.S. adults reported ever havingused Heroin in their lifetimes, with 0.1 percent reporting use in the past ____. year

In the late 1800s the typical ______ user was a middle aged white woman who functioned well

and was adjusted to her life as a wife and mother. opioid

In the relief stage, a user experiences satisfaction by _________ from negative feelings such asboredom, anger, stress, fatigue and loneliness. escaping

In the US, _______ was first used in psychiatry and as a local anesthetic. cocaine

Ingesting too much caffeine can result in nervousness, irritability, _______________ andinsomnia, etc. muscle spasms

Inhalant abuse can begin as early as __________. preschool

Inhalant abuse can cause _______, a state of oxygen deficiency in the body. hypoxia

Inhalant abuse is usually a problem among children and ___________. adolescents

Injecting an illegal drug intravenously is called __________. mainlining

Introduced as a ____ law, the Harrison Narcotic Act (1914) was not meant to be punitive and itmade no reference to users of narcotics. tax

It is possible to estimate an individual's blood alcohol content (BAC) by knowing their ______,

gender, and amount of alcohol consumed. weight

It was also revealed that seventy five percent of the _____________ in major cities are addictedto drugs. prostitutes

Its believed that antipsychotic drugs work by blocking D2 ________ receptors. dopamine


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Its believed that both cocaine and amphetamines interact with a number of _________________,including dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin. neurotransmitters

Jimsonweed a potent hallucinogenic plant and is also known as ____ _____. loco weed

Kava Kava and St John's Wort are both _______ _______, often used to treat mild depression.medicinal herbs

Kava Kava and St John's Wort are both medicinal herbs, often used to treat mild depression

Ketamine is sometimes known as "_________", has effects similar to PCP and is commonlyused in veterinary hospitals as an anesthetic. Special K

King ______ of England wrote a antitobacco pamphlet and he taxed tobacco to attempt to limitits use. James

Legal _______ drugs, ranked by amount of money spent each year:

Alcohol ($104 billion)

Tobacco ($51.9 billion)

Coffee, Tea and Cocoa ($5.7 billion) social

Legal instrumental, illegal instrumental, legal recreational and illegal recreational use are the 4types of drug use according to ___________. Erich Goode

licit drug use, alcohol, tobacco, caffeine Legal Recreational Use

LSD and other hallucinogens typically do not produce physical __________. dependence

LSD is a synthetic substance and is the most ______ and notorious of the hallucinogens. potent

LSD is one of the most potent ____________ drugs.psychoactive

LSD, PCP and mescaline are _____________. hallucinogens

Many ________ remedies have been used for anxiety disorder and depression. These include

Kava Kava (also known as Kava Root) and St John's Wort. natural

Many _________ drugs act by enhancing GABA inhibition. sedative

Many drug users are "controlled" users and their drug use is _______ to those around them.unknown


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Many plant-produced chemicals have effects on the intestines or muscles; others alter ______biochemistry. brain

MAO inhibitors, tricyclics and selective reuptake inhibitors are three types of ______________drugs. antidepressant

Marijuana (Cannabis) and hashish are both __________ controlled substances. Schedule I

Marijuana is known to lower intraocular (within the eye) pressure associated with ________.glaucoma

Marijuana is the most commonly used ________ drug. illicit

Marinol is a ____________ controlled substance. Schedule III

Marinol is used to relieve nausea/vomiting experienced by _______ patients and to help restore

appetite to AIDS patients. cancer

MDMA, popularly known as ecstasy, is a drug popular at clubs and "_____" since the 1980s.raves

Medical science has used opium as a pain reliever and also to treat _________ and dehydrationcaused by dysentery. diarrhea

Medical uses of _______________ include muscle relaxants, sleeping pills, treatment forconvulsive disorders (epilepsy), alcohol detoxification, and preoperative anesthesia (amnesiac).

benzodiazepines

Men are _____ likely to use illicit drugs than women and pregnant women are less likely to usedrugs than women who are not pregnant. more

Metabolites refer to the substances that are produced or left over when the body metabolizes(_______ ______) the drugs that have been consumed. breaks down

Methamphetamine is also known as "______". speed

Methods of drug testing include urine, ____, and saliva. hair

Methyl alcohol is added to grain alcohol for industrial use to prevent _________. drinking

Methyl alcohol is made from ____. wood

Methylphenidate and Ritalin are both ______________. amphetamines

Millions of marijuana users never go beyond the _______ drugs. gateway


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Molecules that assist in either the metabolism (breaking down) or synthesis (creation) of anothermolecule are called _______. enzymes

Most drugs are derived directly or indirectly from ______. plants

Most heroin users need 3 or 4 injections a ___ to avoid withdrawal.day

Most illicit _______________ consumed in the United States is produced in small laboratorieswhich might exist for only a few days in a remote area before moving on. methamphetamine

Most illicit drugs cause an addiction in both the mother and the infant because drugs (cocaine,barbiturates, heroin, etc) pass through the _________ and reach the baby. placenta

Most of the integration of information, learning and ______ occur in the central nervous system.memory

Most psychoactive drugs are taken by one of three basic routes: by mouth, _________, orinhalation. injection

Most psychoactive drugs can be categorized as stimulants, depressants, opioids, hallucinogens,or _________________ agents. psychotherapeutic

Most studies show that alcohol is involved in about ____ _____ of all suicides. one-third

Naloxone or __________ is used to reverse the depressed respiration resulting from an opioidoverdose. Nalorphine

Naltrexone is used to block opioid effects so that a user doesn't feel any of the reinforcing_____________ effects of using an opioid. pleasurable

National Prohibition of alcohol was successful in _________ alcohol consumption andalcoholrelated problems, but also led to a loss of alcohol taxes and increased law breaking.

reducing

Natives of the ______ mountains in Bolivia and Peru today still use coca as their ancestors didthousands of years ago. Andes

Nicotine _______ are also known as transdermal nicotine systems. patches

Nicotine affects the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the reward/________ pathwaysof the brain. pleasure

Nicotine is exceptionally _____ and has been used as an insecticide. toxic

Nicotine is often thought of as being a mild _________, but it also seems to have some of therelaxant properties of a low dose of a depressant. stimulant


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Nicotine nasal spray, nicotine inhalers and _________ are smoking cessation aids which requirea doctor's prescription. bupropion

Nicotine withdrawal symptoms include craving for tobacco, ____________, restlessness, andanxiety. irritability

Nitrites are sometimes called "________" and come in small vials or tubes. poppers

Nitrous oxide is used by _________ for light anesthesia and can be found as a propellant inwhipped cream dispensers. dentists

No prescription is required when purchasing ________________ drugs. over the counter

Not everyone praised the use of tobacco; many _______ it. opposed

Occasionally drugs can have ___________ effects--an opposite effect to what is normally

expected. paradoxica

One of the most common opioid side effects is ____________. constipation

One of the most important factors which determine the potency of CNS drugs is the________________ of the molecules. lipid solubility

Only lipid-soluble substances can pass the _____________ barrier. blood-brain

Onset of drug effects via inhalation is quite rapid because the capillary walls are very accessiblein the _____, and the drug thus enters the blood quickly. lungs

Opiates are drugs that contain _____ or one of its derivatives. opium

Opioid overdose can be diagnosed on the basis of the opioid triad: coma, depressed respiration,and ________ pupils. pinpoint

Opioids ________ the central nervous system (CNS). depress

Opioids are also known as _________. narcotics

Opioids such as morphine and _______ are the drugs most often used for acute pain, such as

short-term pain after surgery. codeine

Opium has been used for approximately ____ years for both medical and recreational reasons.6,000

Oral ingestion can be compared to intranasal administration (snorting) in that it is absorbed muchmore _______ than smoking or IV injection. slowly


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Originally it was believed that the occurrences of paranoid psychosis in cocaine andamphetamine users was caused by a pre-existing _______ condition or due to sleep deprivation.

mental

Originally marketed as a non-habit-forming substitute for codeine, ______ is derived from

opium and is about three times as potent as morphine. heroin

Originally, the __________ movement supported the drinking of beer and wine but was stronglyopposed to distilled spirits. temperance

Other alcohols and oils contained in alcoholic beverages are called _________. congeners

Over the counter drugs are often simply referred to as ____ drugs. OTC

Perceived risk refers to the perceived ______________ of using the drug. consequences

Permanent brain damage, loss of muscle control, damage to the liver, heart, blood, and bonemarrow are all possible consequences of _____ abuse. inhalant

Pharmacodynamic tolerance occurs when the brain attempts to maintain _____________ byaltering the nervous system's sensitivity. homeostasis

Pharmacological factors refer to how the drug actually affects the ____. body

Physical dependence involves the need to continue using the drug to avoid __________symptoms which include sickness and discomfort. withdrawal

Physical dependence is related to _______________ tolerance. pharmacodynamic

Physiological effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) include ________ in bodytemperature, heart rate and blood pressure, sweating and dilation of eye pupils. increase

Poisonous alcohols include methyl, ethylene glycol and _________. isopropyl

Precursors are the raw materials from which _________________ are made and are foundcirculating in the blood supply and generally in the brain. neurotransmitters

Prior to 1965, the most common medical use of amphetamines was for the treatment of _______.

obesity

Prior to the 1980s, ________ was a popular way to smoke cocaine. It involved extracting cocaineinto a volatile organic solvent, such as ether. freebase

Prodrugs are inactive in the original form and become active only after they are altered by theliver _______. enzymes


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Prozac is the brand name for the antidepressant drug __________. It inhibits the reuptake of theneurotransmitter serotonin. fluoxetine

Psilocybin is the active psychoactive ingredient in _______________. magic mushrooms

Psychological dependence develops most rapidly when the drug hits the ______ quickly. brain

Psychological dependence is closely related to the concept of _________ reinforcement, whichstates that if a behavior is reliably followed by a stimulus, it leads to an increase in the behavior.

positive

Psychotic behavior resulting from a known ________ cause is called an organic disorder.physical

Psychotic behavior when there is no known ________ cause refers to functional disorders.phyiscal

REM sleep is the sleep phase associated with _______. dreams

Respiratory depression is the most common type of drug _________ death--people simply stopbreathing. overdose

Schedule I drugs have a high potential for abuse, no current ________ use in the US and havebeen declared unsafe. medical

Schedule IV drugs have a slightly higher chance of abuse than the Schedule V drugs. What mostspecifically distinguishes Schedule V drugs from the other schedules is that the drugs are

regulated but don't require a ______________. prescription

Several studies have found a lower incidence of _____________ in moderate drinkers than inabstainers heart attacks

Severe alcoholism often results in ____________ as a result of decreased caloric intake byalcoholics. malnutrition

Short acting drugs are used as __________ to treat insomnia and long acting drugs are used assedatives to give prolonged relief from anxiety. hypnotics

Since 1956, the leaf tobacco content in cigarettes has been reduced by approximately __ percent.25

Small doses of ______________ help narcoleptics stay alert. amphetamines

Smokers die _____ years earlier than nonsmokers. 13-14

Smokers often report ________ _____ when they quit smoking. weight gain


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Smoking during pregnancy is associated with miscarriage, reduced birth weight, differences inbody size and negative effects on physical / ______ development of the child. mental

Smoking is involved in about ___ percent of deaths from cardiovascular disease. 30

Smoking tends to inhibit hunger contractions up to ____ ____ one hour

Social factors refer to things such as _____, family background, subculture, etc. that caninfluence drug use. Cultural factors refer to broader customs and traditions within the society--i.e. in certain cultures, there may be a culture that encourages or promotes the use of alcohol orother substances. peers

Some alcohol withdrawal symptoms can last for up to several ______. weeks

Some examples of stimulants include cocaine, ______________, and caffeine. amphetamines

Some smokers believe that _____ cigarettes are safer than tobacco cigarettes. clove

Some studies have reported both behavioral improvement and noticeable regrowth of ___________ in long term alcoholics after several months of abstinence. brain tissue

Specialized nerve endings that recognize neurotransmitter molecules and cause a change in theelectrical activity of the neuron when activated are called _________. receptors

Stimulants can maintain wakefulness, give a user a sense of increased energy, decrease________ and temporarily elevate the mood.appetite

Stimulants include cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamine, caffeine, and ________.nicotine

Studies have shown that it typically takes at least 2 or 3 ______ for a heroin user to becomeaddicted. months

Synthetic drugs which result from the altered chemical structures of illicit drugs are called__________________. structural analogs

taking prescribed or over the counter (OTC) drugs for illness Legal Instrumental Use

The "cold turkey" method, in which the addict suffers the symptoms of withdrawal until thecravings for the drug are no longer felt, is the most ______ method of heroin detoxification.common

The 1914 Harrison Act regulated sales of opiates and _______. cocaine

The 3 groups of inhalants include volatile substances, ___________ and Nitrites. anesthetics


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The 66 unique chemicals found in cannabis are called ____________. cannabinoids

The _____ ____ of heroin is 15-30 minutes. half life

The ______ ______ ______ company was responsible for the smuggling of opium into China

during the 1800s. British East India

The ________ the amount needed to get a particular effect, the more potent the drug. smaller

The __________ of alcohol by the liver occurs at a constant rate that is not much influenced bybody size. metabolism

The _____________ curve is a graph comparing the size of response to a drug to the amount of adrug taken. dose response

The active ingredient found in OTC stimulants is ________. caffeine

The active ingredients for half of the prescriptions filled consist of only ____ drugs. 200

The addiction rate for tobacco is 20 to 30%, for alcohol the rate is 15%, and for cocaine its __%.20

The amount of alcohol that can be metabolized by the liver is about 0.25 to 0.30 _______ perhour. ounces

The amount of drug that must be given to obtain a particular response is called _______.potency

The antidepressant drug __________ was originally used to treat tuberculosis. Iproniazid

The autonomic nervous system, also referred to as the ANS, regulates the _____________functions of the body and is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic branches.

involuntary

The basic __________ skeleton of an illicit drug is modified to form a new compound. PCP andEcstasy are probably the most well known examples of synthetic drugs. molecular

The BBB is very tight and excludes the brain uptake of all ______ molecule drugs and greater

than 98% of small molecule drugs. large

The blood-brain barrier is a semipermeable structure that protects the brain from potentially______ chemicals circulating in the blood. toxic

The branch of the _________ system involved in flight or fight reactions is called thesympathetic branch. autonomic


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The buildup of a drug in the body after multiple doses taken at short intervals is called__________ effect. cumulative

The caffeine that is taken out of coffee to make it decaffeinated is used mostly in _____ ______.soft drinks

The category of volatile substances includes adhesives (glues), aerosols (hair spray, spray paint),fuels (gasoline, propane), and office supplies (____ ____ markers). felt tip

The CNS consists of the brain and _____________. spinal cord

The combination of amphetamine or cocaine with an opioid narcotic--often heroin--is called a_________. speedball

The concentration of _______ found in the blood is called the BAC. alcohol

The DEA is the primary _______ agency responsible for enforcing U.S. drug laws. federal

The dosage difference between an acceptable level of effectiveness and the lowest _____ dose iscalled the safety margin. toxic

The dried crushed leaves, flowers, stems and seeds of the cannabis sativa plant is called_______. Marijuana

The DSM-IV-TR is a manual which provides criteria for classifying mental disorders intohundreds of specific __________ categories.diagnostic

The effective dose (ED50) for LSD is many __________ of times smaller than that of otherpsychoactive drugs. thousands

The exact mechanism by which alcohol exerts its effects in the ______ _______ _______ isunknown, but it is believed that its interactions with the GABA receptor are important. centralnervous system

The FDA restricted amphetamine use to _____ ______ weight reduction programs in 1970.short term

The first stage of drug addiction is ______. relief

The forming of a neurotransmitter by the action of _______ on precursors is called synthesis.enzymes

The four stages of alcohol withdrawal are _______, hallucinations, delusions and seizures.tremors


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The four ways to administer heroin are sniffing, _______ injection (intramuscular), smoking, andintravenous injection (mainlining). muscle

The fourth stage of drug addiction is __________. dependency

The freebase method of smoking cocaine can be very dangerous because the combination of fireand ether fumes is extremely __________. explosive

The half life of _______ is 60 to 90 minutes.cocaine

The hallucinogenic effects of psilocybin are similar to those of LSD and __________.mescaline

The human body strives to maintain its internal environment within a certain range (temperature,blood pressure, etc); this ___________ is called homeostasis. equilibrium

The idea that alcohol dependence is a _______ goes back at least to the 1700s. disease

The important Xanthine varieties are caffeine, theophylline, and _____________. theobromine

The introduction of antipsychotic drugs have caused a dramatic ________ in the population ofmental hospitals. decrease

The leading cause of death in the US is _____________. Heart Disease

The legal opioid methadone, is used to treat heroin dependence by reducing severity of__________ symptoms. withdrawal

The most _________ form of alcohol withdrawal is called delirium tremens and occurs in about5 percent of people who have withdrawal symptoms. dangerous

The most common active ingredients contained in OTC sleep aids are ______________.antihistamines

The most common age group to report the most illicit drug use is 18 to __. 25

The most common antidepressants used today are ____s. SSRI - Selective Serotonin ReuptakeInhibitors

The most commonly abused types of drugs include _______, tobacco, stimulants, hallucinogensand depressants. alcohol

The most important drug-metabolizing enzymes found in the liver belong to a group known asthe ______ family of enzymes. CYP450

The most widely used __________ is alcohol. depressant


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The most widely used licit social drug is _______. alcohol

The names of barbiturates all end in __. al

The Native American Church's use of ______ has been controversial throughout the twentieth

century. Peyote

The neurotransmitter ____ is found in most areas of the CNS and exerts generalized inhibitoryfunctions. GABA

The neurotransmitter that is believed to be important for regulating waking and appetite is______________. norepinephrine

The opioid antagonist __________ selectively blocks opioid effects, preventing the user fromexperiencing the reinforcing effects of the abused drug (for example, heroin). naltrexone

The opium plant contains both morphine and _______. codeine

The parasympathetic branch of the autonomic system stimulates digestion, slows the heart, andhas other effects associated with a _______ physiological state. relaxed

The part of the brain which controls ___________ is called basal ganglia. muscle tone

The pharmacological term for alcohol is _______. ethanol

The predominant style of tobacco use went from pipes to snuff to _______ to cigars to cigarettes.chewing

The preoccupation phase is characterized by _________ concern about the drug. constant

The primary active ingredients contained in cough suppressants are ____________ andexpectorants. antitussives

The primary psychoactive ingredient in marijuana and hashish is ___. THC

The primary psychoactive ingredient in tobacco is ________. nicotine

The primary purpose for the creation of the 1938 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act was

___________. drug safety

The process where the body rids itself of drugs and alcohol is called ______________.detoxification

The psychoactive ingredient found in the _____________ is mescaline. peyote cactus


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The psychological effects of LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin can be blocked with ________.chlorpromazine

The ratio of LD50 to ED50 is one indication of the relative safety of a drug for a particular use oreffect and this is called the ___________ index. theraputic

The remaining two principal factors affecting drug use are ______ and cultural. social

The second stage of drug addiction is increased use, in which the user starts to take increasedamounts of the drug. This is followed by _____________, the third stage of drug addiction.

preoccupation

The shorter the drug half life, the more __________ it is. addictive

The somatic system carries sensory information into the CNS and carries ______ (movement)information back out. motor

The Soviets were the first to use ________ to build up their athletes. steroids

The SSRI Fluoxetine is the most widely prescribed ______________ drug.antidepressant

The substitution method of drug detoxification involves _________ the abused substance with anew, less-addicting drug. replacing

The symptoms for withdrawal from any _________________ is similar to symptoms for alcoholwithdrawal. sedative hypnotic

The theory that the popularity of marijuana increases when the risk associated with its usedecreases is called _________ _____. perceived risk

The three components of the nervous system are the central nervous system, the _______ system,and the autonomic system. somatic

The three types are drug disposition tolerance, behavioral tolerance, and _________________tolerance. pharmacodynamic

The three types of drug users include: experimenters, compulsive users and ________. floaters

The three types of names that are applied to drugs are the _______ name, the chemical name,and the brand name. generic

The time course of a drug's action depends on many things, including how the drug isadministered, how quickly it is ______, and how it is eliminated from the body. absorbed

The time from the patient receiving their first dose of antipsychotic medication until the firstresult is seen is at least __ days. 10


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The timing of the onset, duration, and termination of a drug's effect is called the ___________.time course

The two categories of psychoactive drugs are ______ (legal) and illicit (illegal). licit

The two main side effects of therapeutic doses of amphetamines are drug abuse and damage tothe ______________ system. cardiovascular

The two major ________ pathways damaged in Parkinson's disease are acetylcholine and thenigrostriatal pathways. dopamine

The two ways psychoactive drugs achieve their effect is either by altering availability of the___________ or by acting directly on the receptor. transmitter

The unemployed are _____ likely to use illicit drugs than those who are employed. more

The use of alcohol has decreased since ____ and its consumption varies greatly in differentregions of the US and among different cultural groups. 1980

The use of alcohol is statistically associated with homicide, assault, _______ violence andsuicide family

The white powder that you generally associate with cocaine is the _____ form of cocaine knownas cocaine hydrochloride. salt

The withdrawal symptoms for a ______ user whose drug usage has consisted of a low daily doseresemble a mild case of intestinal flu.heroin

There are approximately __ analogs of PCP. 30

There are currently no FDA approved OTC drugs for ______________. weight control

There are more than one ________ products currently abused as inhalants. thousand

There are now more than 40 million former smokers in the United States, and about 90 percentof them report that they quit smoking _______ formal treatment programs.without

There are several FDA approved prescription drugs used to treat ________, but only Lunesta has

been approved for long term use. insomnia

These drugs alter perceptions of reality. They can affect sense of taste, smell, hearing and vision.Sometimes they are called ______________. psychedelics

This type of alcohol can be added to gasoline to reduce pollution, used in cleaners and_________, as well as in medical research. solvents


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Three derivatives of the cannabis plant are __________, hashish, and ganja. sinsemilla

Three stimulants used by athletes in the early 1800s and 1900s were __________, cocaine, andcaffeine. strychnine

Through fermentation, the alcohol concentration is limited to ___%. 15

Timothy Leary was a well known psychologist and proponent for the use of ___ in the 1960s.LSD

To make coca paste, coca leaves are mixed with _________ or gasoline and then filtered to formthe paste. kerosene

To remove the caffeine, unroasted coffee beans are soaked in an organic ________. solvent

Tobacco is responsible for ___ thousand US deaths each year. 440

Toluene is the psychoactive chemical found in many commonly abused inhalants such as glues,paints, thinners and _____ ______. nail polish

Traffic fatalities involving alcohol have _________ since 1980. decreased

Tranquilizers, sedatives, pain medicines, and amphetamines are abused most often by _____.women

Transdermal literally means "through the _____". skin

Tremors and rigidity are two symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Similar damage to the dopamineneurons can occur as a side effect of some ______________ drugs.psychoactive

Two brain imaging techniques are ___ and MRI. PET

Two consequences of illicit drug use are lost productivity and increased ___________ costs.healthcare

Two forms of cocaine which can be smoked are _____ and coca paste. crack

Two major illicit stimulants are _______ and amphetamines. cocaine

Two OTC smoking _________ aids are nicotine gum and patches. cessation

Urine drug tests are relatively ___________ screening tests that detect a variety of abusedsubstances or their metabolites in urine. inexpensive

Users of cocaine _____________ either "snort" (sniff) or inject the drug intravenously.hydrochloride


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using drugs to achieve some goal other than the prescribed use, for example taking pills to stayawake and drive all night. Illegal Instrumental Use

Usually it takes approximately ___ years of heavy drinking of the equivalent of a pint or more ofwhiskey a day to develop cirrhosis of the liver. 10

Varenicline (_______) is a prescription drug used for smoking cessation. Chantix

Volatile substances will __________ at low temperatures. evaporate

When alcohol is heated and the vapors are condensed into liquid form again, the process is called____________. distillation

When an alcoholic learns to modify his behavior to compensate for motor impairmentsassociated with being intoxicated this is called _____ _____. behavioral tolerance

When cocaine use is suddenly stopped, a "crash" follows almost instantaneously that ischaracterized by an intense ________ for more cocaine. craving

When given ____-nicotine cigarettes, smokers adjust by taking more puffs and inhaling moredeeply.low

When nonsmokers inhale cigarette smoke from their ___________ it is called passive smoking.environment

When someone overdoses on opiates (heroin, codeine, morphine, etc) Narcan can be injectedinto a muscle to get the victim __________ again. breathing

When using snuff or chewing tobacco, nicotine is absorbed through the ______ lining of themouth. mucous

Whiskey, Scotch, and Brandy are examples of distilled beverages. They are also called"________". spirits

With _______ parodoxical effects include bizarre uninhibited behavior, rage, hostility andparanoia. benzodiazepines

With sales exceeding $160 billion a year, the legal ______________ industry is one of the

largest and most profitable industries in the United States. pharmaceutical

Withdrawal symptoms are more likely to develop with drugs that _____ the system quickly.leave

Withdrawal symptoms for marijuana include: irritability, restlessness, _________ appetite,weight loss and abnormal sleep. decreased


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Withdrawal symptoms may begin within hours or days after the smoker quits and may continuefor several _______. months

Women are more likely to have problems with ______________ medicines. prescription

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