ESRM 311

SEFS 507

Soils and Land Use

Daniel Vogt

with

Korena Mafune

http://depts.washington.edu/esrm311/ or

http://depts.washington.edu/sefs507/

Course Objectives

1) Learn about soils and their

properties in general

• Laboratory

• Field trips

• Readings

• Final Projects

Course Objectives

2) Familiarize yourself with

specific properties of soils

• King Co. soil survey

• Field trips

• Readings

Course Objectives

3) See how soil properties

affect potential uses of soils

• Field trips

• Final Projects

Course Objectives

4) Encourage you to consider

soils in the context of your

specific field of interests

• Lab/Field Trip write-ups in notebook

• Final Projects & presentations

Grading:

ESRM 311 SEFS 507

• Field/Lab notebook 50% 40%

• Project & presentation 40% 40%

• Peer Review (projects) 10% 10%

• Field Trip presentation - - 10%

Lab/Field Notebooks (Individual write-ups)

5pts Introduction - background information

5pts Purpose - specific things we saw

10pts Literature - summaries of material from the readings

20pts Observations – chronological recount of what you saw

40pts Results and Discussion – soil prop, limitations, uses

10pts Conclusions - summary of the high points

10pts Brief but complete

Week #1 Introduction

Week #2 Soil Properties Lab (in Bloedel 211)

Week #3 Parent Material - Field Trip #1 (Arboretum)

Week #4 Urban Soils - No field trip, notebooks due, work on

projects, grads prep for Field Trip

Week #5 Water in Soils - Field Trip #2

(Burke-Gilman Trail/Rob's House/CUH)

Course covers:

Week #6 Organic Matter/wetlands - Field Trip #3

(Seattle/Bellevue) – wetlands/peat

Week #7 Erosion & Deposition - Field Trip #4

(Redmond Ridge/Sammamish Canyon/Snoq Valley)

Week #8 Water Management - Field Trip #5

(Cougar Mt, etc)

Week #9 Field Trip #6 (Graduate Student led trip)

Week #10 In-Class Presentations of Final Projects

?????

Course covers: (cont’d)

Soil’s Composition?

10

• minerals (45%) • organic matter (5%) • air (20-30%) • water (20-30%)

10

http://www.geography.hunter.cuny.edu/~tbw/nc

c/Notes/chap4.wc/soils/how.soil.is.made.jpg

How are soils formed???

11

Soils Overview for ‘Soils and Land Use’

• Properties of Soils

– Weathering

• Chemical

• Physical

• Biological

• Seattle and its soils

12 12

Weathering’s Visual Influence on Soil: Some Soil Layers/Horizons

13

O - Organic materials

A - Topsoil

B - Subsoil

Weathered or decomposed rock C -

R - Solid rock

13

Soil Formation/Development

SOILS = f (?????)

SOILS = f (cl, r, o, p, t)

14

15

Some effects of climate on

soil profile development

SOILS = f(Cl, r, o, p, t) Aridisol (hot, little ppt)

Oxisol (hot, more ppt)

16

Some effects of slope on soil profile

development

http://www.geography.hunter.cuny.edu/~tbw/ncc/Notes/chapter.4.outline.html

SOILS = f(cl, r, o, p, t)

17

Some effects of Organisms

on soil profile development

SOILS = f(cl, r, o, p, t)

Mollisol

Spodosol

18

1) Sedentary a) residual (bedrock weathered in place) b) organic

2) Transported by

a) gravity - colluvial b) water - alluvial - marine

- lacustrine c) ice - glacial - outwash - till d) wind (eolian) - sand dunes (coarse) - loess (silt, vfs) - volcanic (ash)

Parent Materials

19

SOILS = f(cl, r, o, p, t)

Effects of some Parent material on soil profile development

SOILS = f(cl, r, o, p, t)

Alluvial

Glacial outwash

Organic

Volcanic

20

Some effects of Time

on soil profile development

SOILS = f(cl, r, o, p, t)

Alluvial (young) Oxisol

(old) Mollisol (mature)

21

http://cooperator.com/articles/1526/1/How-to-Deal-with-Urban-Construction/Page1.html http://www.forestryimages.org/browse/detail.cfm?imgnum=5410517

Ap horizon

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Vendeplog.jpg http://www.yale.edu/fes519b/pitchpine/horizons.html

SOILS = f(cl, r, o, p, t, ……..H)

Some effects of Humans on soil profile development

22

BUT!!!

Vegetation Animals

Soils

Humans

Seattle Denny Regrade Projects

1897 – 1930

Blue – Denny regrade projects

Red – Denny Regrade #1

Purple – Denny Regrade #2

Denny Regrade #1 - post card

Denny School demolished prior to Regrade #2 - post card

Denny Regrade #2

Before

After

• Boots, warm/dry clothing, backpack?, drinking water,

‘Rite in the Rain’ notebook, pencil, ????

• Meet in lab (BLD 211)

Bio

Name?

Where from?

Major?

Why are you taking this class?