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Zohar Dictionary

Daniel Matt – posted at https://pastebin.com/ztKwQJSU

This is a partial Zohar dictionary, which I have composed over the past 17 years while working on The

Zohar: Pritzker Edition. It takes a little getting used to, since it follows the order of the English alphabet,

although the entries represent the transliteration of Aramaic (and Hebrew) words and roots. It will be

useful for those working (and playing) with the original Aramaic text.

ad ki - so that

adehakhi – meanwhile, after a while, in the meantime, at this (that) moment, a moment later, in a

moment, just then, then, soon, at the same time, as he did so; Soncino: as he said this, presently; KC:

while at that,

adei – depart, remove, cease, withdraw, draw, divest, turn aside, deviate, leave, move, eliminate,

confiscate, withhold, deprive, abandon, devoid, lacking, missing; conceive, become pregnant

adei – it’addei – delight, indulge

a’eil – bring, bring in, bring before, conduct into, usher in, escort, lead in, allowed to enter, draw in,

convey in, guide in, carry in, deliver in, insert, place in (within), put in, send in, initiate, induct, introduce,

inject, infuse (304.3), cast, thrust; bring into contact; obtrude, impose; penetrate; immersed

ahd, ahid, itahid – embrace (= grasp and unite), link, grasp, clasp, seize, grab, clutch, latch on, snatch,

attach, adhere, graft, connect, join, adjoin, band (together), hold, hold together, hold fast, hold firm,

take hold, tie, possess, unite, merge, splice, catch, grip, fasten, cling, intermingle, weave, interweave,

intersect, interlink, compose, constitute, comprise, intertwine, blend; 1:152b itaheid be-ilana; 193a:

ahidan be-ilana – joined to the Tree of Life, grasping the Tree of Life

ahr – other, alien, foreign, sinister

2

akv – delay, postpone, detain, prevent, thwart, hinder, restrain, deter, withhold, defer, hold back, linger,

stay, remain, tarry, refrain, hesitate, impeded, suspend, stop, prolong, protract, extend, dally, dwell on

al kol panim – anyhow, anyway, in any case; nevertheless

alma – be-alma – merely, in a general way, indirect, slight, simple, simply

semakh be-alma – an allusion, merely a support, merely an allusion; merely an intimation

(Ramban, Gen 29:27)

amn – omana – artistry, craftsmanship, worksmanship, skill; artisan; art, craft

amr – say, discuss, explain, expound, state, claim, assert, affirm, exclaim, proclaim, declare, mention,

speak, express, convey, comment, remark, note, tell, recount, utter, describe, emit, recite, enunciate;

say to oneself, think, imagine, contemplate; refer, announce, report, deliver, address, cry, order, ascribe

hai qera al… itmar - This verse was uttered concerning (for)

hevei eima – you must say, admit

eser amiran - ten utterances

ani - Shekhinah, the Divine Presence, is also known as I, because through Her the Divine reveals itself,

declaring “I am.”

See Zohar 1:6a–b, 65b, 204b, 228a; 2:236b; 3:178b; Moses de León, Sefer ha-Rimmon, 380 (and

Wolfson’s notes 8–9). Cf. Vol. 4, p. 264, n. 231

aqm – tortuous, twisting, winding, contortion; twistingly; crooked, perverse; distort

aqr – uproot, eradicate, pluck, extirpate, detach

3

aqt – aqta – trouble, affliction, hardship, distress

arfl - dense cloud, thick cloud, thick darkness, dense fog

ari – mai qa mairei – what is it (this) dealing with? what does this indicate, point out, signify? ?? ?? ????,

?? ??????

arkh – orikh, prolong, elongate, extend, delay (postpone, defer, put off), wait patiently, bear with him,

tolerate, endure, abide (1:62b, 65b: the span of time He had patiently extended); restrain (anger)

arikh rugza – delay (postpone, defer, put off) anger, patient, bearing with him, shows forbearance, is

long-suffering;

ara — encounter, come upon, happen upon, happen, occur, chance, turn up, spring up, arise, come

along, appear, manifest, find oneself in, befall, meet, collide; onq gen 28:11, va-yifga ba-makom,

reached, lighted upon, encountered; num 23:4,16, va-yiqar encountered, met (2 havrayya); 1:131b:

Abraham’s merit lighted upon (encountered, manifested to) that servant.

ashsh – ashishta, ashashita – lantern (1:33b), crystal (2:23a, 221a). Also 2:82a, 26; 2:130b. Tishby,

Wisdom of the Zohar, 3:910: crystal ball

ashashit – Berakhot 25b, Rosh ha-Shanah 24a – lantern, glass, anything transparent

asq – exert, ply, occupy, deal, absorb, engross, engage, turn one’s attention, indulge

eseq – affairs, concerns, business, dealings, circumstances, doings, conditions

ata – come, proceed, derive, stem, appear, arrive, reach, approach, advance; try, intend, seek

le-ma’utei ka ata – indicates exclusion (limitation), intends to exclude (limit)

4

atei le- apt to, likely to, comes in order to

li-drasha ata – comes (in order) to be expounded,

the text is inserted for a homiletical purpose, this verse is written for the sake of new interpretations,

comes for exegesis; Since the entire context was to serve the purpose of exposition, this thing was also

included that it may serve the purpose of exposition (Soncino, Talmud)

This verse comes in order to be expounded, see BT Megillah 2b, Yevamot 54b, Qiddushin 4a, Sanhedrin

55a; Zohar 2:29b–30a, 160b, 175a; 3:32a, 87b, 267a; ZH 25d (MhN), 86a–b (MhN, Rut); Gikatilla,

Sha’arei Orah, 2a; Matt, “New-Ancient Words,” 198.

atd - itatad - stationed, destined, intended, designated, prepared, ready, arranged (table); Onk:

hityatsev – station oneself, stand, take (assume) one’s place, present oneself, be poised

atm – obstruct (uncircumcised); aral lev; arl = atm, rashi on ex 6:12; deut 10:16; closed-minded (rather

than close-minded) constricted, closed, stopped up

atimei libba – closed-minded, hard-hearted, slow-witted

atr – (or dukhta) place, site, realm, location, abode, domain, sphere, zone, field, region, space, spot,

area, point, position, scope

be-khol atar – universally, everywhere, in every instance, constantly, always, invariably

atr – itattara – crowned, adorned, wreathed, enwreathed; distinguished; rabbinic hebrew: be

surrounded, protected saved (crowned, adorned with, or in, not by)

atsl – withdraw, reserve, hold back,

5

attah – On Shekhinah as ??? (attah), see Zohar 1:15b, 37a, 154b, 158b, 169a, 198a, 205b; 2:23b, 70a

(RR), 104a, 138b, 140a, 221a, 261a (Heikh); 3:199a. Cf. 3:193b.

va-attah – Shekhinah and Tif’eret 2:23b, 179b. Cf. 3:193b – 3 sites of attah.

attah – hsd 3:193b (3 sefirot), 271a

attah and hu, see Sha’arei Zohar, 17b–d.

Cf. 3:290a (IZ) ze’ier - attah

avd – mai avideteih, aihu, what is its nature, what is the point of mentioning, what business had he…,

what is the point; what does this have to do; what is he doing, what does he do?

avd, avidta, ovada – work, workmanship, exploit, deed, action, act, activity, activation, product, creation,

making, construction, fashioning, incident, event, occurrence, doing, affair, episode, story, narrative,,

conduct, what had happened, phenomenon, history, case, legal decision, actualization, practice,

procedure, account

avidteih – its nature, condition, function

aveid - it’avid – become, transformed into, turn into; do, make, act, operate, deal with, form, fashion,

construct, build, produce, generate, yield, compose, arrange, enact, actualize, activate, realize, manifest,

perform, observe, keep (commandments), effect, affect, prepare, offer (sacrifice), happen, transpire,

occur, execute, perpetrate, inflict, achieve, accomplish, succeed, attain, fulfill, carry out, administer,

render, (convey, express action), provide, bestow, cause, undertake, embark on (upon), engage in,

practice, cultivate, appoint, function, engineer

avd dina – execute, enact Judgment

aveid toledin – generate offspring

6

avd – it’avid – be lost, annihilated, exterminated, eliminated, removed, destroyed, disappeared, vanish,

fade, perish, waste, be deprived of, bereft

aveira – air, ether, atmosphere, aura, layer of atmosphere

avr – itabbar – be removed, disappear, pass away, eliminate, vanish, taken from, deprive, divest;

transfer; withdraw; deviate from

ayn – eye, inspect, examine, look closely, scrutinize, seek, peruse

azl - go (wandered thru the desert), go on, walk, travel (walking on the way), traverse, cross, leave,

move, proceed, journey, advance, follow, range, sail, roam, spread, swim; imitate; Bible - go away,

disappear; azl be- undergo; azl ve- …along, about;

havo azelei be-orha– were traveling on the road (way), not necessarily walking – 2:36b, one of them

riding a donkey; 2:155b: two riding donkeys; 2:163b, all of them riding donkeys; 5a (MhN); Pechter,

“Bein Lailah le-Voqer,” 314, n. 13;

azelu – they went on, went along, went their way

azela ha ke-ha… – this accords with, follows

azl batar – follow

ba al (atta al) copulate, fornicate, cohabit

ba’eir – exterminate, annihilate, eliminate, destroy, consume, burn, rid, sweep away (Tigay, 131)

ba’ash – putrefy, cause to decay, make smell badly, befoul, pollute, (inflict) harm, hurt, injure, corrupt,

harass, torment, afflict, do (inflict) evil, bad, wretched, horrible, malevolent; be displeased, tormented,

distressed

7

av’ish - obnoxious

bahadeih – immo, al yado, with, towards

le-miqrav (le-qarva, le-itqarrava) ba-hadeih – to approach him, it - 1:29b, 31b, 53a, 68b, 169b,

199a, 31; 2:3b, 247b; 3:78b

be’ei - verge, about to, on the verge of, on the point of, ready to, intending to, intend, destined,

threaten, mean, ask, seek, request, plead, search for, inquire, desire, want, wish, aspire, yearn, crave, try

to, have to, must, should, necessary, essential, require(d), need, requisite; demand;

la be’ei – refuse, be unwilling, reluctant, have no desire to, not care to

on the verge of, be about to – Daniel 2:13; Genesis 43:30 (bqsh), Sarna; Yoma 1:7 (bqsh)

be’ei rahamei – plead (beg, ask, pray) for mercy

mah (qa) ba’ei hakha – what need here, why is this required (needed) here, what does it want

here, what is it doing here? what does the verse wish to say with the statement…? what need is there to

mention here?

be-gin – by virtue of, on account of, for the sake of, on behalf of, in order to, so that, so as to, because

of, due to, concerning, regarding, thanks to, by means of, through (RT 155.9); be-gin de – by virtue of

which (201b, 7); be-gin kakh – thereby, accordingly, consequently, therefore, so, for this, for this reason,

purpose, hence, thus

be-gin… amar – that he was referring to

ben - belonging to, inherit, fit for, destined, denizen, member, admitted to

benei alma – inhabitants of the world, humanity, humankind

8

bhl behilu – bi-vhilu, Onk for be-hipazon; panicky, impulsive; urgently, feverishly, desperately, in a hurry,

hurriedly; haste (trepidation – Everett); with speed; Ezra 4:23 – quickly; agitated

bnh – build, construct, compose, make, fashion, base, establish

binyana – building, structure, construction

binyan av – paradigm, general principle, analogy

botsina – lamp, spark, scintilla

1:3b: the Holy Lamp Aramaic, ?????? ????? (botsina qaddisha), the Zoharic title of Rabbi Shim’on bar

Yohai. See Zohar 1:3b-4a, 156a, 197b; 3:171a; ZH 85d (MhN, Rut).

See 2 Samuel 21:17; Bereshit Rabbah 85:4; BT, Ketubbot 17a, where Rabbi Abbahu is called: ??????

?????? (botsina di-nhora), “Lamp of Light”; and Berakhot 28b, where Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai is

called?? ????? (ner yisra’el), “Lamp of Israel.”

Sokoloff, Levy, Mirkin, Liebes: bo, not bu

bqa – cleave, split, crack, pierce, penetrate, sever, break, burst, burst forth

bqr – ulvaqqer – to contemplate, reflect, frequent, seek, inquire, examine (the offering); (awakening

each dawn, morning – Dahood)

bri – al buryeih – soundly, thoroughly, (he’emid al buryo - was clearly settled, ascertain the truth of the

matter); bri – certain. Cf. brr.

al buryo – on (to) his vigor, strength, health, normal condition; Mekhilta – al mish’anto; Jas 150a.

hair in place

9

amad al buryo - Tanhuma, Pinchas 5, be steadfast (Chabad); Bemidbar Rabbah 21:8 – stand safe and

sound (Soncino)

shaqit al buryeih – securely tranquil 3:140a

imdi al buryekh (Sotah 7b) - rely on your purity (Soncino)

brr – refine, clarify, purify, select, sift, winnow (out), purge; cd – brr & pesolet; 1:16a, 199a, 30-31;

prove, confirm; clear, certain, set apart. Cf. bri

beriru (berira) de-millah – elucidation (clarification) of the matter, lucidity of the word (clarity)

bsm – itbassam – sweeten, temper, appease, assuage, mitigate, perfume, spice, fragrant, scent,

intoxicate, make cheerful, please; sweetly drunk

fragrantly firm, sweetly firm, redolently firm; rendered (became, turned) firm and fragrant, temper;

establish sweetly, sweetened, perfumed; MT 388 n44; Kabbalah, 228; sweetly steady

“Firm and fragrant” renders the Aramaic, ?????? (itbassamat), “was sweetened” or “was firmly

established.” The root bsm conveys both senses. See Bereshit Rabbah 66:2; Midrash Shemu’el 26:4;

Zohar 1:30b, 31a, 34a, 37a, 56a; 2:143a, 168a, 227a; 3:18a; N. Bronsnick, in Sinai 63:1-2 (1968): 81-85;

Scholem, Kabbalah, 228; Mopsik, 3:164, n. 19 (attentuate harshness of judgment)

qetoret busmin – aromatic incense, fragrant incense

bsr – itbassar – gladdened, informed of [given] the good news, informed, assured, promised,

announced, bring (provide,take) someone good news, bear good tidings, herald; report, tell; proclaim

the good news, tidings; bring a message

besorah – tidings, news, good news

10

btl – abolish, annul, cancel, nullify, come to naught, negate, renounce, put an end, do away with, cease,

pass away, suspend, revoke, invalidate, void, neglect, thwart, frustrate, neutralize, stagnate, be idle;

eliminate; frivolous (talk)

btn – belly, womb, internal organs, loins

btr, le-vatar - subsequently, afterward, later

bts’ – betsa – gain, dishonest (unjust, unlawful, ill-gotten) gain, bribery

btsh – strike, knock, beat, tap, slap, clap, dash, kick (BT); collide

da’at – la nah da’ateih – his mind was not soothed (relieved, did not calm down, was not at rest, at

ease), he was not satisfied, he remained uneasy

darga - rung, degree, level, step, grade, rank

davar aher – alternatively, another word, another thing

dbq - cleave, cling, join, adjoin, conjoin, unite, adhere, attach, overtake, fuse

itdabbaq, itdevaq, le-adbeqa – grasp, apprehend, comprehend, fathom, seize, absorb, attain, get hold of

dbr – lead, conduct, guide, control, direct, drive

de – when (2:136a, 33: ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????)

deyoqna - image, form, figure, features

deyoqna di-khlil kol deyoqnin - Liebes, Peraqim, 50-51; Mopsik, 3:178-79, n. 34

11

dgm dugma – archetype, paradigm, pattern, model, patterned on, after

dhi – repel, repulse, push, push away, push aside, reject, thrust, thrust away, drive, drive away, expel,

dispel, dissipate, fend off, exclude; postpone, defer (dhi sha’ata – sometimes like dhq sha’ata)

dhl – dahla – deity

dehilu ve-eimta – fear and awe

dhl – fear, afraid, revere, awe

dhq – push, pressure, constrict (narrow), press, oppress, hard pressed, harass, urge, repluse; duhqa –

distress, constriction, crowding

dhq sha’ata – force time, act impulsively; times were stressful (1:72b; 2:38b; 3:33b, 60a, 78b, 34-35)

din – judge, punish, condemn, sentence, doom, try; case, claim, judgment, punishment, rule

din dinin – chastisers

dina – judgment, justice, punishment, case, sentence

dan dina – render judgment, pass judgment, judge (try) a case (cases), adjudicate; reaching,

coming to a conclusion; execute (enact, render) judgment, pass sentence; hold court

avd dina – render, execute judgment

mara de-dina – prosecutor (Goldstein), accuser, litigant, plaintiff, complainant, opponent,

incriminator; master of judgment

12

dina qashya – harsh Judgment (or severe, strict, stern, rigorous)

dinin bishin - baneful chastisers

be-din - strict, severe, harsh

dir – dira – abode, dwelling, home

dkhr – remind, recall, mention, call to mind, call attention to, point out, recount, evoke, invoke

dlg – skip, jump, spring; dart, pounce

dltr – denouncer, informer; defame, slander

dofi – haggadot shel dofi (BT Sanhedrin 99b): blasphemous interpretation, by means of blasphemous

haggadot (Pines), fault-finding (Jastrow)

dq – tenuous, thin, slender, fine, subtle, rarefied, delicate, ethereal, minute, small, faint, narrow, refined

deqiqu – tenuity

diqduqa – subtle point, fine point, precise analysis

drg – darga – rung, level, degree

drsh – expound, interpret, discourse

13

dvv – marei devavu – masters of enmity; enemy, adversary, archenemy, foe, antagonist (Onkelos, ba’al

devav – enemy, foe; devavu, eivah Gen 3:15) eivah – enmity, hostile disposition

eden (idduna)– delight, bliss

eila – le-eila – on high, above

le-eila, le-eila - higher and higher, high above

eina – eye, marei de-aynin, watchful eyes, masters of eyes

eita – advice, counsel, plan (evil, bad)

elbon – humiliation, shame (neglect, denigration)

ella – rather, in fact, indeed, well, because, it is simply because, only because, it is nothing less than;

because the word implies, so the word may be read, the answer is, the reason is, the explanation is, but;

ah; oh, but; yes, but; yet, however; though, although; the meaning, however; it means, however; in any

case, nevertheless, now, well, in truth, the truth is, but really, actually, it was only, must (it must be, it

must refer to, etc.)

ein ella – must be, is (means, expresses, conveys) nothing but, is none other than, is only, nothing

but (if not)

Elohim – Binah, Gevurah, Shekhinah 2:207b

ervat davar - nakedness of a thing; something indecent, immoral, obnoxious; some shamefully exposed

thing (Alter)

fnk – tafnuk – delicacies, delights, luxuries; pamper, spoil

14

gabbei, le-gabbei – with, together with, by, towards

gardinei nimusin – wardens of judgment (of law), guardsmen, guardians (Liebes, Peraqim, 347); see

Scholem on Spanish origin of gardina. Gardinei derives from the Castilian guardián. See Corominas,

Diccionario, 3:246-48.

gardinei tehirin – dazzling guardsmen (guardians); dazzling, demonic guardsmen (guardians)

1:203b; zp 3:246, n. 401

gin, be-gin – on account of, for the sake of, by virtue of, because of, as a result of, owing to, thanks to, in

view of, derive from

glf - carve, hew, engrave, grave; inlay, inset, embed

glgl – gilgel gilgulim; Liebes, 299-300; rotate rotations (110b), spin schemes (158b, 199a, 19; 201b, 4),

put someone through ordeals (Soncino, 199a, 19), intrigue (Mopsik – 200b, 9), procedure (Soncino –

200b, 9);

tortuousness, tortuosity, convolution; permutation of letters, Liebes, Peraqim, 293; roll, revolve, spin,

rotate, turn

galgal – (rolling) wave; Liebes, Peraqim, 296; medieval Spanish Hebrew poetry; 2:27b, 50b

gilgul – rolling, whirling, revolving, revolution, rotation, turning, cycle, migration, transmigration,

reincarnation, orbit

gilgulin de-mitgalgelan - cycles revolving

glgl be-gilgul - revolving in (many) convolutions

glh – reveal, uncover, disclose, unsheathe, expose

15

gillui arayot – exposing nakedness, fornication, having sexual relations, incest, illicit sexual

intercourse, sexual immorality

glm – embody, materialize, take shape, wrap, enfold

gnh – genai – disrespectful, unbecoming, undignified, disgraceful, shameful, insult, dishonor

gnv – gnv da’at – deceive, delude, cheat, trick, create a false impression, make believe, outwit,

outsmart; steal, appropriate the mind

gnz – treasure away, hide (away), secrete, conceal, store away; hidden treasure; treasure chamber,

treasure house, storeroom, storehouse

go – mi-go - through, by means of (2:239b, 4)

gr’ – gara – lessen, decrease, reduce, deduct, subtract, withdraw, withhold, diminish, be inferior, omit,

delete, deprive, deteriorate, degenerate, regress, deficient, defective; lack, diminution, deduction;

deficit, detriment

grm – prove decisive, cause, bring about, bring upon, engender, effectuate, take effect, have an effect,

be effective, effectively, determine, was determinative, be the cause, provoke, instigate, incite, induce,

stimulate, influence, consequence, dominate, predominate, sway, matter, count, carry weight, prevail,

enable, manage to, inflict (damage), to ruin; on account of; tip the scale

shema gerim – the name determines (one’s destiny), causes, effectuates, has an effect, is effective,

proves decisive, is decisive, prevails;

sha’ata gerim – the decisive moment, as determined by the hour

gerim mota – inflict death upon, engender death, bring death into, upon

shema yigrom ha-het – perhaps sin will be the cause

16

gshp – gushpanqa – signet ring, seal, sealing

gvn – color, nuance, hue, shade, shade of meaning, sense, tone, way, manner, fashion, stain, tinge,

mode, aspect, respect, facet, pattern, likeness, semblance, kind, type, shape (terein – twofold), taste

gvn - ke-gavna – like, likewise, as, modeled on, resembling, similar, corresponding, matching, on the

pattern, semblance, (in the) likeness, in accordance with, as a counterpart

ke-hai gavna – follows this pattern, correspondingly, similarly, accordingly, likewise, in the same

manner, way, kind

ke-gavna dil’eila - corresponding to (after, on; follow, formed on, modeled on) the pattern (manner,

model) above; corresponding to the supernal pattern; resembles…

ve-khola ke-gavna dil’eila – corresponding entirely to the pattern above, to the supernal pattern

gzr – decree, ordain, articulate; cut, circumcise

gzr – gezerah shavah – similarity of the phrase, verbal analogy

ha – look, here, behold; surely, of course, already, after all; in fact (Sok), actually, yet, now, and now,

yes, well; well, look at; well, what about; just then; de-ha – whereas, that indeed; this, that

ve-ha itmar – it has in fact been stated, (how can this be) seeing that it has been stated, surely it

has already been stated, …it was stated (Soncino, Talmud)

had – sheqilin ka-hada – evenly balanced

al had terein – two for one; for one, two; twice as much

17

hadei – delight, rejoice

haikha – titillate, smile, laugh, toy with, sport, play, fondle; mock (Na’amah, Lilit)

hakhi – so, as follows

hayyah – living being, creature, animal, living thing

hayyekha – by your life!

hama – mai qa hama – why did he see fit to; what prompted him, what made him; for what reason did;

what did he see; what did he have in mind; what need was there for

hamra

qatpira de-hamra – 1:197b; 2:31a

qistera de-hamra – 1:238b

hanei millei – only when, such is the case, this applies when

hattat – purification offering, offense offering (not sin offering); use purification unless offense fits the

context better

purification offering (Milgrom, Lev, 253–56, or 253–92)

havruta – joining, companionship, intimacy

hayil – eshet hayil – competent, accomplished, noble, worthy, virtuous

18

haynu – it is this, this is, that is, it is he, it is the same, it corresponds to, is equivalent to, follows, accords

with, that is, which is, that is to say, namely, thus, this being, just as (we say)

haynu di-khetiv - corresponding to what is written, as is written, accords with…

hbl – injure ,harm;

havilei teriqin - ravaging bands of stingers

hbr - ithabbar - joins, conjoins, unites, converge, merge, connect, attach, combine, compose,

collaborate, associate, participate, fraternize

be-hibbura hada - in a single bond (union), in unison; junction, convergence, connection

havruta – companionship, fellowship

hdr, ithadar – transform, reverse, turn into, become, turn back into, return, restore, revert (refer back

to), divert, transfer, turn, in return, send back, bring back, pull back, draw back, withdraw; recoil; carry

around; encircle, surround; repent, retract, recede

become - Scholem, Alchemy and Kabbalah, 34, n. 57.

ahadar ve-amar – (the verse) resumes, saying; adds; afterwards says, goes on to say; recants,

retracts, withdraw

ahadar ve – do something again, resume, go on…, afterwards, instead

hdsh, yithadesh – newly emerge, transpire

19

hefets – affair, matter, activity, experience, happening, phenomenon, desire, desirable thing

hei olamim – Scholem, Mystical Shape, 96

heikhal – palace, temple, main room, great hall, chamber, the Holy, sanctuary; ark (medieval)

heila – force, power, strength, energy, effort; army, troops, brigade, host

heilin – soldiers (warriors), hosts, cohorts, forces, powers, legions, troops, armies; Onqelos – Ex 12:41 -

tseva’ot (Alter – battalions, armies)

heizu – appearance, image, manifestation, display, apparition, sight, vision, gaze

“Visionary mirror” renders ???? (heizu), which means “vision, appearance,” but in the Zohar also

“mirror.” This added sense may derive from the Hebrew word ???? (mar’ah), which means both “vision”

and “mirror.” See Zohar 1:88b, 91a, 183a, 196a, 203a; 2:23a, 70b, 221a, 267a.

hfy – cover, overlay, protect, coat, veil; wrap, envelop

hfkh – ithappakh – turned over, turn into, transformed, transmuted, transmogrify, overthrow, overturn,

transfigure, reverse, change, inverted, upside-down

hkm – wisdom, cunning

hll – halilah – far be it from me! perish the thought!

hlsh – halash da’ateih – his mind languished, his spirit was depressed; he became distraught, distressed

hmi – mai hama – what did he see to make him…, what prompted him?

20

hnh – nehneh – enjoy, delight in, revel in, bask in, relish, derive pleasure

Holy of Holies – the innermost of the seven heavenly palaces.

On the Holy of Holies as the innermost palace and its relationship to Shekhinah and Binah, see

Zohar 1:45a; 2:257b, 258b (all Heikh); Tishby, Wisdom of the Zohar, 2:593-94, 749. (1:229a-b; vayhi, n.

417)

On Holy of Holies as Binah, see 1:206b; 2:4a, 239b.

hrhr – complain, suspect, criticize, express resentment, misgiving, question (character, ways), entertain

doubts,

conceive, think (of), give a thought to, have thoughts of, contemplate, meditate, consider, wonder

harhora – fantasy, imagining, imagination, thought

hrmn – authority, decree, command, potency, sanction, ordain, authorize

hrsh – witchcraft, sorcery, magic, wizardry; spell, charm

hsd – love, loving-kindess, kindness, faithful love, steadfast love, grace, faithfulness, goodness,

graciousness; loyalty

hasid – saint, devotee, pious, pious devotee, devout one, faithful one

hsh – ba-hashai – secretly, silently, in silence, in secrecy, quietly, noiselessly, secretly silent, in secret

silence, in a whisper (Targum, Psalms 41:8); soundless, noiseless, still

hshv – heshbon – count, enumerate, reckon, enter the count; sum, total, account, amount, reckoning,

calculation, numerical value, number; consider, regard, deem, be mindful, value, esteem

21

hsn – ahsin – bequeath, transmit, bestow, grant; possess, take possession, obtain (1:229a)

hsr – deficient (rather than defective)

htkh – smelt; Scholem, Alchemy and Kabbalah , 38

hatakhat teivah (miqdash melekh 186, on 1:94a)

htsf – impudent, insolent, brazen, shameless

hus (hshsh)– look compassionately on, spare, care (enough), be concerned, feel concern, have

consideration for, have (take) pity, mercy, compassion, feel (show) compassion, respect, pay attention;

antonym - ruthlessly

hus – has ve-shalom, perish the thought, Heaven forbid, far be it from me! from us to imagine; see hll

hut – thread, streak, ray, line, filament, stream of liquid (Sokoloff); strand

huta de-hesed – a thread of love (grace) is drawn upon him; zp 3:81, n. 542

hv – hevei omer – you must admit, you must say, this proves

hyv – ithayyav be-nafsheih - forfeits his life (soul), incurs (is liable to) the death penalty, commits a

deadly sin, deserves to die, deserving of death

he had incurred guilt (expiable) by his life (Soncino) incurs guilty responsibility for his life (Soncino note),

guilty against his own soul (Danby), he risks his life (Berg), render one’s life forfeit (Soncino); incurs

mortal guilt (Alter)

22

ithayyav be- be guilty of (for); liable to, be culpable, obligated to, stand guilty before, bear the blame

before (to), sin against; 2:49b,15

hzi – ithazei - properly, fittingly, as is fitting, befitting, suitable, appropriately, correctly, rightfully,

accurately, perfectly, fully, becoming (of), worthy, seemly, entitled, deserving, have a right to, able,

capable, be justified, designated, appointed, chosen, selected, destined, predestined, adapted,

intended, meant, as it should be; visible, can be seen, revealed, appeared, manifested, seem, shown;

le-ahaza’ah – to show, demonstrate, manifest, display, indicate, imply, exhibit, present, signify,

expose (a defect), give the appearance, assume the appearance

ibba – fruit, vegetation, verdure, greenness; peirin ve-ibbin – fruit and verdure (vegetation)

idra – threshing floor, threshing chamber, chamber, assembly, convocation (liebes, peraqim 93-107)

???? (iddera), “threshing floor, barn, chamber”

ila’ah - transcendent, supernal, lofty, superior, supreme, superb, upper, high, on high, higher, highest,

noble, distinguished, ultimate, utmost, finest, paramount, eminent, esteemed, sublime, exalted,

elevated, soaring, towering, magnificent, splendid, intense, heavenly, celestial; alma ila’ah – higher

world (or upper world, supernal world), heavenly, celestial; sublime mystery

il’ol – whirlwind, storm wind

inyan – matter, topic, business

ipparkha - “Governor” renders ????? (ipparkha), which derives from Greek eparchos, “governor,

commander, prefect,” or eparchia, “government.”

iqqar – root, essence, principle, source, essential element, main object, foundation, taproot

23

iqqara de-veita – aqeret ha-bayit – an infertile woman in a house; mistress of the house, mainstay

of the house, lady of the house, essence of the house

i teima – can be like itteima “it was said” (transmitted alternatively), some say, alternatively (or, you

might say) (as opposed to i teima – if you say; now, you might say) Sok, 142a; J 61b; Steinsaltz, 103a

cf. Galante, 1:225b, 233a: like “i ba’eit eima”

it le-(gal’ah), (hashta it)… – (now) is the time (it is time) to (reveal)…, now let us, now we should, now it

should

kamah - numerous, many, so many, ever so many, much, so much, several, some, various, countless,

innumerable, how many!

kamah it lon le-istakkala – how deeply (intensely, carefully, immeasurably) should they contemplate

kamah it lon le-ishtaddela – how exuberantly, vigorously, intensely,

kamah it… how thoroughly, carefully, vigorously, intensely, greatly… see RT 34.15, 19-20, 22

ke-dein – similarly (64a, 26); so, in this manner (way), thus, thereby, therefore (101b, 11; 119b, 25;

182b, 1; 228b, 10?; 2:25b, 14; 27b, 20; 59a, 24; 84b, 27?, 86a, 11); 3:19a, 2. ke-dein hu – so it is with,

similarly with (2:36b, 3; 3:68a, 26)

ke-illu – is as though (it is as though), is like one (someone) who, is considered to have (observed), is

considered as if, is as if (it is as if), as it were; see ykhl

keivan – since, as soon as, when, once

keivan de-amar, since it says, since he said, since Scripture states

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ki-de-ka ya’ot, hazei – seemly, properly, fittingly, as is fitting, befitting, as it should be, suitable,

appropriately, duly, correctly, accurately, perfectly, fully, becoming, worthy, entitled, qualified, have a

right to, deserve, be justified, fine; see hzi

khsh – weaken, impair, deteriorate, deny, defy, contravene, deceive, belie, falsify

makhhish ma’aseh bereshit – deny, defy the work of Creation

makhhish pamalya shel ma’lah – defy, impair the celestial Family

kl –

kol she-ken – all the more so, so much the more (less), surely, certainly

kll

kelal - total, totality, sum, summation, whole, entirety, entire amount, consummation, sphere, realm,

assemblage; in general, general rule, (essential) principle, category, class, state, field, generalization,

generality; together; overall, all-inclusive, universal, comprehensive

kelil – inclusive (all-inclusive), include, enclose, encompass, contain, combine, integrate, incorporate,

merge, coalesce, fuse, blend, mingle, absorb, comprise, compose, compound, embrace, enfold, envelop,

brought him under the aegis, imbue; complete

kelil be – comprised of

itkelil mi- comprises, composed of

itkelilan, same as above, plus interwoven, interlaced, intertwined, intermingling, integrated, crowned

25

le-akhlala – encompassing, to include, etc. (kelil)

kmn – lurk, waylay, lie in wait, ambush

knsh – itkenish – gather in, glean, pluck, round up, throng, converge, absorb, draw in, withdraw, shrivel;

sunset; gather, gather round, gather upon, assemble, assemble against, swarm, collect; take in, bring in

kola – mi-kola, be-khola, de-khola, le-khola – completely, entirely, totally, wholly, fully, thoroughly,

absolutely, perfectly, utterly, consummately, purely, in every respect, in every way, in all, in all things, in

everything, constantly, everywhere

kpi – akhpaya – bend over, overturn, subdue, invert, overcome, overpower, overwhelm, overthrow,

force, compel, cower, cringe, subjugate, suppress, submit, humble, become subservient

kpr – purge (Milgrom 1:1079-84), atone, expiate, rub (rub on, cover; rub off, wipe), pardon, forgive

kapporet – purging cover

kr’ – hikhri’a – tip the balance

ksf – long, yearn, desire, desirable; embarrass, shame, delight, rapture

kshksh – knock, strike, shake, vibrate, rattle, pulsate, throb, churn, agitate

kshr – proper, fit, worthy (prove worthy), right; rectify, correct; capable

not kshr - unseemly

kashrut – fitness for consumption

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ktv – write, spell

kedein ketiv – then this verse will be fulfilled, is fulfilled, applies

kvn – intend, direct, focus, concentrate, devote; kavvanah – intention, direction, concentration,

attention, awareness, devotion, focus, aim, intend, be intent; intently; see ra’ava, re’uta

la’ei – toil, toil in, delve into, study (assiduously, sedulously, diligently), ply, labor, be tired, exert, engage

in, pore over, occupy, absorb

le-eila – beyond

leit lakh – you cannot find, there is no (not a single, not one there), there does not exist

le-qavel - towards, opposite, in front of, facing

leshon ha-ra – evil tongue, evil speech, gossip, slander

lfn – lifnai ve-lifnim – the innermost sanctum

lhsh – whisper, murmur, ripple

bi-lhishu – in a whisper, quietly, silently, unheard, still

lht – lahat – blade, flame, flash; blaze, burn, inflame, kindle, glow, glisten, flare

lomar – ke-lomar – that is, that is to say, namely, as though to say, this means, meaning, in other words,

implying

lqt – gather, pick, collect, pluck, cull, glean, receive

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lqy – be sick, suffer, be smitten, struck, receive lashes

alqei – make sick, weaken, strike, smite, punish with lashes, flog

lshn – lishana – tongue, language, speech, term, phrase, expression, version

lshn – alshin – slander, vilify

lun – spend the night

lvn – white; cleanse, refine, purify

lvsh – ruah lavesha – clothe, clothed itself with, enveloped, took possession of; garb

mabbu’a – spring, bubbling spring, wellspring, fountain, fount, fountainhead, water source

mador – abode, haunt, lair, storey, compartment, habitation, dwelling

habitations of Hell - (Soncino – circuit, division, habitation, storey, dwelling) EJ – seven divisions of hell;

Ginzberg, 5:20, n. 56 – habitations, play on fire-place (compartments)

mah hama – what prompted…, what did he foresee, why did he (J – 1435a: what did he see, what was

the reason, why, what did he have in mind, what reason did he have); Soncino: what [reason] did he see,

what did he see to make him, what could have caused, what was his reason for saying; Lauterbach: why

did he see fit to

mah u-mah – now, could it be, why, how can, “(what,) do you think that…?”

u-mah she (mah de-) – whereas… (instead of)

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mah… al ahat kamah ve-khamah now, if…

mahei – obliterate, wipe out, efface, eliminate; strike, smite, knock, slap, blow, beat

mahei biydeih – strike his hand, slap his hand, restrain (stay) his hand, protest, hinder, stop,

prevent, inhibit, interfere with

mai, mahu – what is meant by, what is the meaning of, what is, why?

mai dikhtiv – what is the meaning of the verse? why is it written…? what is the meaning of…? what is

meant by…? what is it that is written…?

mai irya – what is the point? significance? is this an argument? why does it specify? why this discussion?

(Adin); how does (this) indicate?

mai qa mairei – what are they arguing about? what does this designate, signify?

mai ta’ama – why, why so, what is the point, reason; how so

mammash – actual(ly), real, really, genuine, authentic, veritable, true, truly, substantial, substance,

literally, very, precisely, exact(ly), simply, identical, just like; (him, it, your)self; see vaddai

mammashu – reality, substance, actuality

maqor – spring, fountain, source

mashiryan - companies, camps

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matei – reach, arrive, touch, contact, impact, (approach), befall, occur, overtake, extend to, attain, come

upon, affect, about to

matqala – weight; see s-l-q be-matqala

matronita - Aramaized form of Latin, matrona, “matron, married woman, noble lady,” consort, queen

matu – be-matu(ta) mi- I beg of you, please

mdh – marei middin – 1:92a (masters of requital); 2:34a, 73a, 122b, 130b, 163a, 213b; 3:130b; zp 3:474,

n. 797: yade’ei middin, fathomers; zp 4:150, n. 44 (marei middin – fathomers); 395, n. 89 (masters of

qualities)

middah – attribute, quality, measure

me’ayim – entrails, innards, viscera, intestines, guts, inmost parts, inner being, inner self, bowels, belly,

womb (KB – inner being)

meshah revut – anointing oil

metivta – academy

mi –

mi yitten – who would make it (evening), would that it were

mi-kan - hence

milla – thing, something, anything, entity, matter, material, word, wording, term, statement, utterance,

remark, element, factor, incident, event, enterprise, situation (plight), item, affair, subject, object,

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substance, topic, point, information, report, issue, expression, deed, act, practice, project, what had

happened; way, means

millei de-alma – worldly affairs (matters)

millin kedivan – false material, information, deceptions

mlkh – consult, reconsider, change one’s mind; decided, determined

mn manei - enjoin, conduct, govern, command, order, prescribe, appoint, commission, authorize,

delegate, assign, designate, charge, encharge, in charge of, empower, entrust; Scholem: paqad

memana – official, deputy or prince (for angel), appointee, officer, chieftain, minister, archon;

empowered, ordained; of the nations: princes, empowered ones, officials, deputies, archons, chieftains,

appointed (authority, ruler), appointee; memanan terisin - shield-bearing deputies; memana ravreva –

empowered (appointed) prince; memana de-Esav – Prince of Esau

mna – withhold, deny, deprive, diminish, inhibit, restrain, prevent, refrain, impede, thwart, stopped up

mrq – scour, clean, cleanse

mshh – mishheta – Onqelos for middah; measure, length, surveying; flow (a la mshkh)

mshkh – draw, draw to, toward, conduct, channel, flow, stream, continue, convey, carry, proceed,

emanate, transmit, derive, extend, expand, stretch, pull, attract, prolong, persist, drag, lure, seduce,

allure; withdraw, draw away

amshekhuta, meshikhu – emanation, flowing, flow, conducting, conveying, current, drawing,

influence

msr – deliver, transmit, render, hand over, give, give oneself over to, entrust, surrender, offer, sacrifice,

pass on, convey, place

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mut – mot yumat – surely be put to death

na – I ashkahna – I found 1:99b; olifna – I learned 1:117a

singular, past – BM 85b (ketavna)

plural, past - Targum Onqelos Genesis 44:24; Deut 3:1 (seleiqna)

lamadnu – mss; olifna – OY, Mantua (2:37a, 7)

future – ahadarna – 3:265b

na’ar – boy, lad, youth, young man, young boy

na’ats – insert, thrust, wedge, stick, squeeze, cram, lodge, set, fixed, implant

nahar de-nageid ve-nafeiq - flowing, gushing river; gushing river, river flowing forth, issuing; (daniel

7:10)

nan – qareinan – we call

nefesh – soul, life, being, essential being, essential self, inner nature, breath, life breath

ne’um – utterance, oracle

neyaha – comfort, pleasantness, rest, repose, peacefulness, peace, satisfaction, pleasure, calm,

tranquility, relaxation, leisure, ease, serenity; tishby (mmd, edri) – nahat

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neyaha de-ruha – gratification, satisfaction, pleasure; tranquility of spirit, tranquil pleasure

nfq – apiq – issue, emerge, go out, go forth, come out, come forth, flow forth, overflow, emanate,

generate, produce, engender, breed, radiate, extract, obtain, draw, draw out, pull out, bring out, bring

forth, send, send out, send forth, take out, deliver, extricate, let go, present, remove, escape, break out,

leave, depart, exit, proceed, abandon, foresake, scatter, emit, exhale, set out, get out, get away, spring,

sprout, shoot out, shoot forth, shoot, pour forth, launch, fire, fire off, project, discharge, eject, oust,

expel, cast out, exclude, withdraw, evict, spew, dart, lick out, release, ooze, exude, venture, spout, gush,

stream, express, utter, heave (sea), put forth, extend, expend; stick out, protrude, part

nfq le-var – venture out, beyond; escape

al ve-nafeiq – enters and emerges, comes in and goes out, comes and goes

nahar de-nageid ve-nafeiq - flowing, gushing river; gushing river, river flowing forth, issuing; issuing

and flowing (daniel 7:10)

nfq zekhut – to exhaust (expend, take away, remove) one’s merit

nfsh – increase, be numerous, abundant; expand, swell, swarm

ngd – extend, pull, draw, draw out, drag, flow, gush, prolong; see mshkh (conduct, channel, stream,

continue, convey, emanate, extend…)

nhh – reiah nihoah – pleasing aroma (Milgrom); fragrant odor (Alter)

nhsh – augury (divination)

nht – descend, come down, fall, drop, cascade, dismount, alight

aheit – bring down, lower, deposit, send down, push down, cast down, shed, drop

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nms – nimus – law, norm, conduct, way, custom, practice, decree, judgment (execute judgment); for

possible play on nissin, see vol, 3, note on “double portion”

no’am – loveliness, pleasantness, delightfulness, delight, kindness, favor, graciousness, beauty,

sweetness (Alter)

nqb – pierce, puncture, perforate,

nuqba – hole, cavity; female

nuqba di-thoma rabba – hollow of the great abyss (chasm, cavern of… immense)

nqsh – aqqish – beat, flutter (wings)

nqt - seize, take hold, take, snatch, grasp, obtain, carry, attach, gather, collect, receive, employ (a usage,

expression, meaning)

nshv – blow, breathe, puff, inhale, exhale, waft, fly; breeze

ntl – natal - take, partake, take over, take up, obtain (possess), acquire, lift, raise, move (motion),

proceed, leave, stir, carry, carry off, convey, receive, accept, bear, absorb, derive, take away, remove,

draw, distill, seize, snatch, grasp, grab, take hold, appropriate, journey, travel, transport, sail, take or

assume (someone’s place), surge, pour; set forth (out) on its journey, impel, propel, motivate

ntl shirata (1:189a, 7) – take up song

htl – see tul: cast, throw, inject, insert, inflict, fling, drop

ntr – natar - uphold, guard, protect, preserve, maintain, observe, keep, retain safeguard, watch over,

look after, care for, be careful, heed, vigilant (guard, preserve [or maintain] the sign of the covenant),

cherish, tend

34

nuah – teinah – let it rest, granted, fine, this might be right, this may be true, acceptable, satisfactory

yanuah da’ateih – let (your) mind be at rest

nva – to gush, bubble, flow, spring forth, spout

nevi’u, nevi’a – flow, bubbling flow, gushing flow

nvl – repulsive

nzl – mazzala – flux of destiny, flowing, effluence, streaming fortune (or constellation)

???? (Mazzala) means “constellation, planet, planetary influence, zodiacal sign, guiding star, destiny,

fortune, guardian angel.” See BT Mo’ed Qatan 28a: “Rava said, ‘Life, children, and sustenance do not

depend on merit but on mazzala, destiny.’” In the Zohar, mazzala is associated with the root ??? (nzl),

“to flow,” and often refers to the flow of emanation from Binah through Yesod. See above,

page@XX77Ch2, and n. 77. See Sifra di-Tsni’uta 177a.

nzq – harm, damage, injure; inflict harm

mazziq – demon

nizqa, hezeiqa – damage, harm, danger

okhlosin – troops, soldiers, group, hordes, cohorts, hosts, legions, multitude, multitude of troops,

retinue

olah – ascent offering

orah – way, course, path; property

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orer – awake, arouse, rouse, stimulate, stir, flare, shoot out, be aware of, erupt, ignite, provoke, sway;

remark, note, comment, observe, announce; induce, educe, elicit, evoke, threaten, warn; revive; orer

himself - undertake

it’arna - we have aroused our awareness, have been aroused by this verse, have been aroused

discussing, in discussing, to discuss, have aroused the meaning of; elicit, educe; deal with (Scholem)

it’aru – have aroused discussion

ke-mah de-it’aru beih havrayya – as discussed arousingly by the Companions

ke-mah de-it’aru havrayya – as the Companions have aroused, educed

kevar it’aru be-ha havrayya - the Companions have already been aroused by this; they have already

aroused what this means

“Been aroused by this” renders ????? ??? (it’aru beih). In medieval Hebrew, the corresponding idiom

refers to “having one’s awareness aroused,” “arousing the [latent or potential] meaning” of a particular

word or phrase, expounding, interpreting. See Moses de León, Sefer ha-Rimmon, 392; Ben-Yehuda,

Dictionary, 5:4392a–b. (vol. 4, p. 120, n. 192)

pga – encounter, come upon, reach, touch, entreat, confront, accost, meet

pig’a – demon, evil spirit, plague

pgm - blemish, defect, defective, deficient, flaw, mar, damage, harm, impair, taint, spoil, stain,

imperfection, wane, faulty (disqualify, invalidate), stigma, (brand with a blemish); a dent

see qayma bifgimu

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pithon peh – pretext to complain, excuse, opening, point of attack, opportunity for accusation, loophole,

courage to speak (Ezekiel 16:63; 29:21); see ptr, pitra

plg – divide, separate, part, split, distribute, disperse, branch, apportion, allot, scatter

palgei – segment, division

itpelig lailya – night is split

plh – pulhan – service, worship, devotion, rite, ritual, till, cultivate, work, labor, serve, perform, minister

plt – disgorge, discharge, exude, emit, eject, spew

pml – pamalyah – family, household, retinue, entourage; the family above (the celestial family, heavenly

household, divine agencies, the retinue above)

pnq – tafnuk - delight, delicacy, pamper, luxury

prgd – pargod – curtain, screen

pqa – expire, exhaust

pqd – attend to, see to, visit, muster, convene, appoint, assign, ordain, designate, single out (Alter),

entrust, enjoin, command, commission, take note, take notice, take account, count, reckon, inspect,

examine, mark, care, be concerned, give heed, call to account, punish, inflict punishment, afflict, avenge,

requite, deal with; missing, lacking; direct involvement or intervention, providential, judgmental,

redemptive – Sarna, Genesis, 145; Genesis 21:1; 1 Samuel 2:21; fertilize (the barren), remember the

barren (BR 77:1, Soncino, Even-Shoshan); seek (Isaiah 26:16); probe (Alter, Job 5:24)

pqd avon – inflict the guilt; reckon the crime (Alter), call to account the iniquity (Fox), call to

account, avenge the guilt (KB), punish children for the iniquity (RSV), punish… for the sin (NIV), count

parents’ crime on the children (Friedman), visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children (KJV),

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visit the guilt of the parents upon the children (JPS); inflicting punishment for their guilt (Tigay,

interpretation)

afqid – deposit, entrust, deliver

pr’ - exact retribution, requite, recompense, punish, retaliate

prs – spread, stretch, distribute, diffuse, disperse, dissipated, scatter, extend

prsh – explain, interpret, expound, elucidate, explicate, clarify, express (clearly), specify, state (mention)

explicitly, openly, declare, describe; elaborate

shem ha-meforash – the Explicit Name

prsh itperash – mediate

prsh itperash (cf. prs) – separate, keep separate, divide, split, diverge, deviate, branch out, distinct,

different, differentiate, distinguish, part, set apart, depart, go off, set out, leave, estrange, alienate,

detach, dissociate, withdraw, remove, isolate, seclude, disengage, disconnect, forsake; abstain;

interrupt; set aside, dedicate (ma’aser), devote

prtsf – partsuf – visage, face, configuration, countenance, appearance, form

pshpsh – search, search out, examine, investigate, scrutinize, hunt, hunt for, ferret out, probe

psht – itpeshat – spread, extend, expand, stretch, disperse, distribute, diffuse, scatter, disseminate,

emanate, ramify, branch, permeate; strip, divest; straighten, smooth, smoothen (2:84b, 1)

psl – disqualify, render unfit, invalidate; defect, blemish

pasul – unfit, defective, blemished, faulty, invalid

38

psq – cease, stop, stop flowing, be abrogated, separate, interrupt, suspend, divide, cut off, detach, break

off, interpose, block, discontinue, sever, tear

pasqa ta’ama – interrupted by an accent (sign); separated by a punctuation (pausal) mark,

disjunctive; 1:120a (zp 2:198), 158b (zp 2:382), 167b (zp 3:12); 2:85a, 93b; 3:138a (IR), 191b

psqr – pusqera (see documents/zohar/odd words.doc)

ptgm – word, decree; decrees of Torah; words of Torah (Targum Onqelos, Yerushalmi); transgress

decrees of Torah

pth – pth qera – opened with a (the) verse, explained the verse as referring to, in connection with

ptq – pitqa – slip, decree, letter, note, list, record

???? (pitaq), “slip, memorandum, name slip carried by the Angel of Death” (derived from Greek

pittakion). See Qohelet Rabbah on 3:2; Zohar 3:15a, 156b, 167a.

ptr – pitra – opening, pithon peh; see pithon peh

qbl – qaveil – in face of, in front of, facing, before, towards, to meet, opposite, against, confronting,

corresponding, comparable to, balance, parallel, contrast, juxtaposed

qdm – anticipate, precede, preface, prepare, ahead of time, in advance, advance, intercept (zp 2:372),

do early, do before, before its time, prematurely, previously, do already, arise early, come early, arrive

early, hasten, do or be first, be the first to, put or place or mention first, begin (with), initiate, introduce,

attain first, set out, forestall (prevent by prior measures), take precaution, foresee, be zealous, take

precedence, give preference to; (hasten to) intercede; (spoke) up; soon, quickly, immediately; do in time

qadma’a – previous, preceding, former, original, first, earlier; primary, primal

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qadma’ei – ancients

mi-le-qadmin, kidbeqadmita – as before, as originally, as previously, at first

qdsh – qaddishei elyonin – holy ones of the Highest (Most High) (Daniel 7:18); (or occasionally “supernal

holy ones”)

qudsha – holiness, realm of holiness, sanctuary,

qfsr - 1:37a, 177a; 3:152a: ruler, suzerain; 3:36b, 6: piece; Beiur ha-Millim ha-Zarot, 191; Galante: qafsira

- part, piece (1:177a)

qft – qufteih – avuso, its trough, manger, crib (1:236a); cf. 3:62b quftira

qftr – (see qtfr, qrtf) qaftirin – linked, parallel to qeshiran, Bei’ur, 188, n. 185; Peraqim, 349-54. 1:218a –

quftera de-tifsa; 2:209a: quftera de-qulta; 3:6b:qastura de-quftera; 3:59b; 3:62b: be-quftira; 211a –

guftera; 219b – oqida de-qoftira (combustion of conjunction; Sefer Yetsirah); 2:183b: matul de-

qufterakh

On quftera as “rope,” see Vayiqra Rabbah 4:2 (and Margulies’s n. 3, pp. 81-82; Lieberman’s note, p.

871); Qohelet Rabbah on 6:6; Tanhuma, Miqqets 10; Tanhuma (Buber), Miqqets 15 (and Buber’s n. 116);

Arukh and Arukh ha-Shalem, s.v. pi turei; Rashi on Berakhot 8a, s.v. ke-fiturei. 3:59b, 37 (Vol. 7, ch. 6, n.

94).

See Zohar 1:177a, 211a, 218a; 2:209a; 3:6b, 59b, 62b; Beiur ha-Millim ha-Zarot, 188, n. 185; Luria, Va-

Ye’esof David, s.v. qftr, qaftera; Liebes, Peraqim, 349-54.

“Concatenated” renders ??????? (qaftirin), a Zoharic neologism “tying, linking.” See Beiur ha-Millim ha-

Zarot, 188, n. 185; Luria, Va-Ye’esof David, s.v. qftr, qaftera; Liebes, Peraqim, 349-54.

qftr and Sefer Yetsirah 1:7 – 218a, 219b, 242a:

40

218a: ?????? ?????? (quftera de-tifsa). The Zoharic neologism quftera usually implies “linking.” Tifsa

means various things in the Zohar, including “glowing ember, burning coal” as in 1:242a: “like a flame

bound to a tifsa,” which is obviously based on the description of the interconnectedness of the sefirot in

Sefer Yetsirah 1:7: “like a flame bound to a burning coal.” Here, Rabbi El’azar may be implying that the

flame of the Angel of Death is quenched by Rabbi Shim’on.

qftr – tifsa also 3:111a, 2

qaftir – incline, slope, slant; sloping cavern, cave; 2:48b: “Sloping caverns” renders ?????? (qaftirei), a

Zoharic neologism with a range of meaning. Here, the sense apparently derives from the rabbinic term

????? (qataphres), “incline, slope,” (from the Greek katapheres, “going down, sloping, inclined.” See M

Oholot 3:3; Zohar 3:36b; Ma’arikh, s.v. qatpirei; DE; NO; Liebes, Peraqim, 351. On “caverns in the earth,”

see Isaiah 2:19: mehilot afar – caves (hollows, holes, caverns) in (of) the ground (earth)

qlf qulafa – thick stick, club, blow (Sokoloff, JBA)

be-matun de-qulpa (1:61b)

qulafa (qulpa) - pole, lance, shaft, club, thick stick, strap, cudgel, truncheon, blow (1:29a, 32a, 57b, 61b,

117b; 2:30a); blow: 232a (Tos); 2:30a; 278a.

qelippah – qasqeset – coat (armor) of mail; 1 Sam 17:5; Radaq; Nahmanides on Leviticus 11:9; Sanhedrin

95b.

qlt absorb, seep; snatch, clutch tightly

qilta de-dina absorption (1:33b); qaftorei de-qilta (3:59b); quftera de-qilta – 2:209a; qastiru de-qulta

2:77a; de-qulta 2:235b; 1:30a-b, zp 1:181-2, n. 609; 182 n. 613

1:201b, 11: qulta – Mopsik – abri (shelter, cover, refuge, dugout)

2:77a – qastiru de-qulta, castle of absorption

41

2:235b (tos) – qulta and spheres; cf. 2:209a – aquftera de-qilta

qntr – rebuke, chiding; 2:38a, 5; 174b, 38; 178a, 10

qr’a – exclaim, call, recite, declare, announce, pronounce, proclaim for, over, of (apply to him a verse); I

will proclaim over you (a verse; name), says of him; read

qra – qerei beih – Read in it, in this text; it may be read (RH 6b, Sanherin 89a, Avodah Zarah 51b,

Zevahim 106a); Zohar – read it, call it; it is called (3:128b); read as follows (2:106a); attribute to, apply to

qrt

Qirta is a Zoharic neologism meaning “sling.” See Zohar 1:128a; Beiur ha-Millim ha-Zarot, 190; Liebes,

Peraqim, 383-93

See BT, Shabbat 152a: “Rabbi Eli’ezer said, ‘… The souls of the wicked are continually muzzled, while one

angel stands at one end of the world and another stands at the other end, and they sling their souls to

each other, as is said: The soul of your enemies He will sling out as from the hollow of a sling (1 Samuel

25:29).’”

See Radak on the verse in Samuel; Moses de León, Shushan Edut, 351-53 (and n171, where Scholem

cites De León’s likely source in Jacob ha-Kohen’s Sefer ha-Orah); idem, Sefer ha-Rimmon, 373 (and n6),

399; Zohar 1:77b, 217b; 2:142b; 3:25a, 185b-186a, 213b; Liebes, Peraqim, 345-47.

Qurta apparently derives from Greek kouratoreia, “treasury.” See Targum Yerushalmi, Numbers

22:18; 24:13; Job 3:14; 38:22; Arukh ha-Shalem and Tosefot he-Arukh ha-Shalem, s.v. qrt. Zohar 1:181a

qrtf - ?????? (qartufa). 3:143a. In rabbinic Aramaic this means “a crack,” but here it likely based on ?????

(qetufa), “a cluster.” See Bei’ur ha-Millim ha-Zarot, 187, s.v. qartufa; Luria, Va-Ye’esof David, s.v. qartifa;

Liebes, Peraqim, 350. Cf. above, p. @XXCh2, toward the end of n. 279; p. @XXCh3, n. 28.

qsh – aqshei – beat, flap, flutter

42

qshr – bind, link, link up, join; connect, attach, nexus, bond, knot, tie, weave, braid, wreathe, cluster,

joint, intermingle, interlink, concatenate (adj); catch, entangle; see qtr

le-qashra qishra – to bind the bond, to tie the knot, forging links

qshr - sorcery; see qshr (Liebes, Peraqim, 397); entangle, bound in bonds; 2:25a, 37b-38a, 52b, 69a.

qsht – tivu uqshot – steadfast kindness (Onq - hesed ve-emet)

qshya - difficult, hard, problematical; la qashya – poses no difficulty

dina qashya - severe Judgment (or harsh, strict, stern, rigorous)

qsm – divination (augury), sorcery

qsr – qisra – suzerain 1:195b, 2; 1:199a, 27; 1:242b; see luria, va-ye’esof david – qisra; 1:219b – qisra –

cage? cf. tesira; 1:72a Liebes, Peraqim, 353.

1:135b qusroi – his castle Arabic qasr (dot under s) – castle, palace

qisra - 2:31a (Caesar?); 2:213a, 26 qelishu de-qisra (“thin membrane”); (list of zp notes)

cage, castle, bottle

qesirin – 2:78a

qisra – keres – 2:178b (SdTs); Caesar?

See zp 3:196, n. 110; 3:325, n. 130; 3:481, n. 825; 4:418, n. 177

43

qst qista – xestes, pint, flask, jug, pitcher; Jastrow 1364b – chest, box; 2:80a, 31: mortar

33a: “By the pint” renders the Aramaic ???????? (be-qistaihu), “in their pints.” The singular ???? (qista),

derives from the Greek xestes, a measure about the size of a pint. See Bereshit Rabbah 4:5; Zohar 1:33a,

83a, 121b, 162a, 164a, 211a, 243a; 3:74a.

qusta of grapes – 2:178b (SdTs)

See Job 28:25, also cited above: He meted the waters by measure. Cf. Bereshit Rabbah 4:5: “Ben Pazzi

said, ‘The upper waters exceed the lower waters by about thirty xestes.’” The Arukh (s.v. qst)

understands it as a flask or jug.

Cf. Scholem, 2:51a

See Vayiqra Rabbah 12:1 – ????? ???? qista de-hamra

qusta – Ta’anit 24a – district: ?????? ????? (?????), in a remote (or poverty-stricken) district; village

(Rashi, ad loc.); 1:85a – village; 3:81a

qusta – chink in the wall – 3:114b, 17

qstf, qztf – refuse, dross, slag, scoria, dregs 1:153a; zp 2:351, n259; 167a (zp n. 69); 3:50b: turpei de-

quspeta (liebes, peraqim, 348); qastofa - 1:201b, 12 foul excretion; zp 3:235-6, n. 345; zp 3:10, n. 69;

3:143a – qaztifin; cf. qstr – tin, slag

qstr – castle, fortress 3:90b: qastera, qastira; 1:128a: qustera qetir; 2:51a, 26

a castle Aramaic, ?????? (qastira), derived from Latin castrum (pl. castra), “fortress, castle.” See Zohar

1:29a, 30a, 85a, 148b.

Gottlieb, Mehqarim, 213 (2 entries)

44

meqaster be-quspoi 1:168a (see below); qaster be-qitrin 3:88a; qaster be-reisheih 3:111a

The fortress of vapor... Aramaic, ?????? ?????? (qustera de-qutra). Qustera derives from Latin, castrum

(pl. castra), “fortress, castle.” See above, 29a: “By the impact of His truncheons, ramparts (???????

[qastorin]) are revealed.” The phrase here alludes to Shekhinah; see below. castrum – castle, fort,

fortress, any fortified place. castra – also camp, encampment. Arabic qasr (dot under s)- palace

?????? ??????? (qistera de-qiturei) – 2:178b (SdTs)

Vayiqra Rabbah 1:11: ???????? – castra, fortresses; Tosefta, Oholot 18:12.

military camp – 3:85a (Scholem)

qastorei – quaestors (1:64b); cf. 3:107a: qastira (“authority”); 1:177a – qusterei

??????? (Qastorin), deriving from the Latin quaestor, a Roman official, prosecutor, judge. Here the word

apparently refers to superhuman creatures.

“Quaestor” renders ?????? (qusterei); the rabbinic term ?????? (qustor)

See JT Eruvin 6:2, 23b; Zohar 1:19b, 53b, 64b, 177a, 195a; 2:58b, 208b; 3:13a, 107a; Beiur ha-Millim ha-

Zarot, 188. In a number of other Zoharic passages, the word derives from the Latin castrum (pl. castra),

“fortress, military camp,” and conceivably here it could refer to camps of angels. See Vayiqra Rabbah

1:11; Zohar 1:29a, 30a; Mopsik.

45

Bei’ur ha-Millim ha-Zarot, 188 relates the Zoharic term to the rabbinic ??????? (qustinar), which derives

from Latin quaestionarius, “torturer, executioner.” Cf. ?????? (qalastor), from Greek kolaster, “torturer,

executioner.”

perhaps both senses (quaestor and castra) – 1:62a (Tos), 128a.

qasitra, qastira – tin 1:125a; 1:148b (castle?); 2:24b; cf. 1:238b; 3:65b, 90b, 107a

lustrous - Aramaic, ?????? (qastira), “tin,” from Greek, kassiteros. See Targum Yerushalmi and Targum

Yerushalmi (frag.), Numbers 31:22; Zohar 1:125a; 1:151a: ???????? (qastitura); 2:24b; Beiur ha-Millim

ha-Zarot, 186, 188. 1:168a ?????; 232a (Tos) – qasterin; 3:125a, 14.

scintillating – 1:168a (3:17, n. 121)

qastora – pesolet ve-qastora mi-kaspa 3:83b (Piq) - dross (or slag) and slag (or tin) from silver; 2:31b:

two waterskins filled with qustera (Gal: poison); zp 4:132, n. 230; Liebes, Peraqim, 349. Isaiah 1:25 badil

– slag; cf. bedil – tin; Ma’arikh, s.v qstr; 2:208b qastora and fingernails

qasterin – 2:171b kind of disease; cf. above, poison

qistera de-hamra – 1:238b

qtf (qtp)

qitpa – resin, sap, gum 1:92b; Beiur ha-Millim ha-Zarot, 189, 191; cf. Luria, Va-Ye’esof David, qitpin.

Sokoloff, 1011, qittufa – juice, must

qtf – pluck, pick

46

qitpa – cluster (ready to be plucked) 1:17b, ZP 1:133, n. 200; Beiur ha-Millim ha-Zarot, 190; Sokoloff,

1004, qetufa – bunch of grapes

qutpa – cluster - being together in a group (for protection from robbers) - 2:49b, 14; cf. 2:175a: qutpaya.

qtf – garment; arukh, Luria, Va-Ye’esof David, qitpoi

2:45b: wrapped in their blankets ?????? ???????? (Atpora be-qatpaihu). The first word derives from the

root ??? (atf), “to wrap.” The second word apparently derives from Arabic qatifa, “cloak, blanket.” The

phrase apparently refers to the camels.

For the meaning “cloak,” see Zohar 3:19a (n. 362); Arukh ha-Shalem, s.v. qtf; Beiur ha-Millim ha-Zarot,

s.v. atifa. Cf. DE; Luria, Va-Ye’esof David, s.v. atufira; qitpoi.

qtf as dibbuq, apparently based on (a misunderstanding?) of arukh on Niddah 66b

qtfr

33a: In a waterskin of lofts... One of the Zohar’s neologistic gnomes, apparently alluding to the waters

measured in heaven. See Liebes, Peraqim, 349. ?????? (Qatpira), perhaps an expansion of ???? (qitra),

“knot, bond, connection,” carries several meanings in the Zohar, including “waterskin,” which here

refers to the waters above. See Psalms 119:83 ??? ??????; and Job 38:37: Who can tilt the waterskins of

the sky? The “lofts” are the heavens, as in Psalms 104:3, cited above: Setting the rafters of His lofts in

the waters.

“bag, sack, waterskin” 1:72a saddlebag

1:33a, 64a; Liebes, Peraqim, 353.

qatpira – wineskin zp 3:455, n. 719; 208, n. 181; 1:197b; 2:31a, 157b (qatpora)

47

qatpirei qista – 1:243a

qatpira – 2:28a – bird; Liebes, Peraqim, 352; Luria, Va-Ye’esof David, s.v. qatpora.

3:15a qtfr – clasp

Liebes, Koah ha-Millah, n. 66.

3:144b – ??? ?????? – Liebes, ???, ???? Liebes, Peraqim, 352

qtl – kill, slay

qtr - cluster, knot, nexus, node, bond, bind, tie (up), link, concatenate, attach, connect, intertwine,

interlace, interlink, weave, wreathe, decorate (arukh), wind, tangle, entangle; band, convoy; perfume,

render fragrant (SoS 3:6; z 1:133b; pre 30); conspiracy, grapple; cling, wrap, bundle, swathe, swaddle;

adjoining; roofless (M, Middot 2:5, on Ezekiel 46:22: hatserot qeturot); string (caravan, train) of camels

(Beshallah, n. 44 –Arabic qitar, train); 2:50b, 10 – convoy of ships

qtr – sorcery; see qshr (Liebes, Peraqim, 397)

qitra – Sok: knot, node, plot, penalty

qutra (qitora, qetura) – smoke, cloud, vapor, knot, node, bundle, cluster, diameter, vaporous cluster;

qitor ha-kivshan – Gen 19:28 (smoke)

pista de-qutra – roasted bread (3:67b, 3)

qutra de-kitva – bundle of writings (2:13a-b)

48

qutra di-gelifin (3:270b, Mat) (qesher ha-haquqim – Remak, Sulam, Leshon)

qutra de-hurmanuta bi-gelifin tehirin (ZH 67c, ShS) (Sulam: qesher she’elat reshut be-haqiqot ha-orot

mahu; why do the lights require asking permission?)

qutra de-hurmena (94b)

qutra de-umla (2:124a, 25)

qutra – vaporous wreath 2:177a (SdTs)

????? (qitron) Tosefta Sotah 15:7; Lieberman, Tosefta ki-Fshutah, 8:765 (could judge and jail a person);

Sifrei, Deuteronomy 309; Midrash Tanna’im, Deuteronomy 32:6.

qtrg – denounce, accuse, prosecute, incriminate, assail, attack, provoke, incite, antagonize, contest,

contend, harass, bring charges, level accusation; persecute, is hostile, object, oppose

qym – stand, exist, in a state, be alive, inhere, abide, endure, hold up, poise, stand poised, stand out,

stand ready, ready, waiting, about to, station, occupy a station, situated, located, placed, positioned,

occupy, lie, be in a state of, stand one’s ground, rise, arise, be present, found, appear, sustain, maintain,

preserve, keep alive, save, retain, subsist, survive, uphold, assume, attain, perdure, persist, become,

prevail, rely, remain, stay, rest, halt, active, base, founded, depend, (applies, pertains), raise, establish,

establish existence, actualize, fulfill, confirm, affirm, stabilize, steady, erect, elevate, engender, extend

(curtain 1:65a) (liebes, 355-83) see qym al

erect covenant – see liebes, da’at 1, 107-8

“Covenantal vitality” renders ????? (qiyyuma), whose range of meaning in the Zohar includes

“existence, sustenance, life, vitality, pillar, covenant.” See Liebes, Peraqim, 355-83. “Sustaining pillar”

itqe(a)yyam, qayyam – sustained, erected, endured, survived, preserved, established, based, fulfilled,

kept alive, maintained, exist, firmly implanted, firmly established, deep rooted, stabilized, stable,

confirmed, ingrained, stand, preside, became permanent, restored, revived

49

itqayyam (or qayyam) be-qiyyuma – firmly erected, established, enduringly erected, endure abidingly,

abide enduringly, permanently, firmly, sustained (fulfilled) vitally, endured vitally, fully alive, endured

intact, steadfast, stand erect (firm, vitally); stand at one’s post, station, where he is, in his place;

ingrained enduringly; remain stationary, remain in existence, maintain existence; is stable

it lon qiyyuma le-itqayma – ingrained enduringly

qa’eim be-qiyyuma – be-pho’al – actualized: 2:39a, 13 (after be-heila – be-khoah), Scholem

qym al – preside over, bestride, poised above, stand poised, stand over, stand on, stand by, rest on,

based on, support, contingent on, arch over, situated over, loom over, impend, threaten, comprehend,

perceive, understand, fathom

qym be (le), qaeim be - Liebes, Peraqim, 362-66

fathom, understand, comprehend (participate in, engage in); withstand, endure, abide, maintain,

retain, attain, sustain, bear (keep up, withstand), stand up to, be steadfast in, persist, adhere, stand by;

assume (a body), hinge (depend) upon, on; susceptible to (questioning), (does not) abide being (known),

open to, capable of, able to, subject to, prone to, vulnerable to, exposed to, fall within the scope of,

pertain to, based on, available to, accessible to; abide in, be in, occupy, inhere in, exist in, be in a state;

fulfill, uphold; poised to, be about to, be on the verge of, primed to (le-)

qayma be-ashlamuta – waxed full, assumed fullness, stand, abide in fullness, stood full, became full

qayma be-raza – abides in, attains, assumes, based on

qayma bi-fgimuta – was in her wane, (on the wane), was in a deficient (defective, diminished)

state, was in her wane, was waning, deficient, waned away

qayma bi-dyoqna – bear the image (assume, abide in)

50

qym sha’ata – the time was ripe, propititious

leit beih qiyyuma – it remains unstable, unfulfilled

qiyyum – existence, full existence, vitality, vitalization, endurance, sustenance, fulfillment,

establishment; stability, support, rising, elevation, erection; foundation, position, stature, revival;

essence (Liebes, Peraqim, 358); ma’amad (Liebes, Peraqim, 359-60); ammud – pillar (Liebes, Peraqim,

371-75); sustaining pillar (of the world) (qiyyuma [de-alma]); qiyyuma shelim – consummate existence;

qomah - stature

oqim – establish, erect, set up, affirm, demonstrate, prove; fufill, sustain, maintain, preserve, keep alive,

save, retain, uphold, assume, establish existence, actualize existence, confirm, elevate, extend (curtain

1:65a); appoint

ve-ha oqimna - we came to the conclusion (Soncino);

oqim le-hai qera-– apply this verse (to); liebes, mashiah, 153, n. 237.

qa’eim le- liable to, susceptible, vulnerable, prone, open to, capable of; rt175.5; liebes, peraqim 366;

qayma li-she’elta, bi-she’elta – susceptible to questioning, open to questioning.

qayyama – existence

al mah inun qaymin – (neither know nor consider) the foundation (or basis) of their existence

Hagigah 12b: See Zohar 1:99a, 175b, 195b, 203b, 224a, 226b; 2:23b, 142a; 3:77a.

qeyam – covenant, vow

at qeyama – sign of the covenant, erect; at qeyama di-vrit

51

berit qeyama – sealed covenant, covenant

or berit qayyama – enduring, everlasting covenant (Edri: berit qiyyum; Sullam: berit olam, ot berit;

MmD – keritat berit, ot berit)

ra’ava – desire, will, pleasure, passion, fervor, rapture (de-khola – total rapture); goodwill, intention,

aspiration (kavvanah), delight, favor (conciliate – ra’ei) see re’uta

rabei, itrebei - be raised, nurtured, grow, swell

raqi’a – expanse, firmament, sky, heaven

rav – great, distinguished, grand, huge, immense

rav ve-yaqira: grand and splendid, great and precious

ravreva - prince, official, minister, chief, noble (daniel); ravrevin memanan – princes appointed,

empowered princes; lord, notable

ravreva ve-taqqif – great (grand, noble) and mighty (tree)

ravrevin - great, magnificent, imposing, impressive, grand, stately, large, huge; (daniel)

ravya – child, youth, boy

raza da, da raza – this is the mystery of: the secret is:; this secret is implied by the fact

52

ve-da (i)hu raza di-khetiv – this is the mystery of what is written (that is written); this is the mystery

written

raza de-millah – mystery of the matter, mystery of the word

raza di-mheimanuta Mopsik, 3:82-83, n. 10; 149-50, n. 1

re’ei – itre’ei - delight in, desire; choose, select (Onqelos); in whom the blessed Holy One delights, whom

He has chosen

re’uta (re’u) – desire, will, goodwill, wish, intention, aspiration (kavvanah), pleasure, delight, favor

(conciliate – ra’ei), consent; passion, fervor, rapture, devotion; see ra’ava (ra’ava de-khola – total

rapture)

re’u de-libba – fervor, aspiration of the heart, passion, heartfelt devotion (intention), (with) a willing

heart

shavei re’uta – set one’s aspiration, intention

reshu – authority, authorization, power, control, ownership, possession, domain, dominion, domination,

territory, permission, right it leih reshu - is empowered, authorized, permitted

reshu ahara – another (alien, foreign) domain

53

revu – anointing (Onq, Numbers 18:8); 1:29b; 2:35a, 227b; anointing oil

revu – greatness, abundance

rfh – lenient, mild (judgment); soft, weak, light; slacken

rfh yad – their hands grew slack, grew weak, weakened, grew feeble, became enfeebled; grew

loose, loosened; they lost their grip; relaxed their hold, grip; their hands hung limp; courage failed, lost

courage; cf. shemot, n. 259: slip out of their hands

rfrf – move, shake, flutter, vacillate, tremble, vibrate, undulate

rgsh – feel, perceive, sense

itregish – tremble, become excited, was shaken

rgz – anger, wrath, fury, agitation

54

argiz – incite (to anger), provoke, anger, stir up, shake, excite, blaspheme

rhm – lover, beloved, intimate friend, close friend

rhq – be distant, far, distance oneself, go far away, move afar, keep far away, keep aloof, remove,

withdraw; remote; loathsome, abhorrent, Targum Onqelos, ga’al

rhsh – whisper, utter, express, murmur, chirp, feel; move, stir, is astir (Ps 45:2: ??? ???), educe, quiver,

rustle, swarm, teem, creep; to be moved, be aroused; arouse thoughts; take place, happen, occur

(generate, perform a miracle)

riq, ariq – pour, pour out, pour forth, shower, empty, unsheathe, infuse

rkn – arkin udna – incline, lend, bend an ear

rmy – itremei – thrown, hurled, flung, cast (1:57b, 128a); occur, happen, may happen to be, chance,

encounter (1:55b); see also 2:179a; Daniel 3:6; 6:8: be cast, thrown. Cf. remiv, “were thrown” 3:21; cf.

7:9. 2:179a (SdTs)

55

mitremei – comes across (RH 28b)

rmy - turei rama’ei - “towering mountains” 2:171b; kefar ra’min – 3:39b; kefar… mi-benei roma’ei

(Romans?) 3:51a; rama’im – deceitful (RM 3:279a); Tishby, Wisdom of the Zohar 3:1436 (corrupt

communal leaders); rama’in – impostors; turin rama’in (2:109b); patishin rama’in (1:7a)

rmz – intimate, hint, suggest, gesticulate, imply, allude to, beckon, signal, indicate, gesture, trace,

allusion; reflect

itremiz – 93b, assumed the guise

rnh - jubilation

rq – be-reiqanya – in emptiness, emptily, empty, in a void, in vain, fruitlessly,

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rshm, reshimu - draw, mark, trace, insignia, engrave, inscribe, impress, imprint, stamp, etch, sign,

designate, indicate, note, denote, prefiguration, (adumbration, token, design, figure, draft, omen),

distinguish, line; stigma, brand; record, register, enroll, delineate, list; Sok – incise, engrave

reshima (rishuma) qaddisha - holy mark, sign, insignia, inscription, engraving, insignia (of the King);

itreshim – engraved in one’s flesh

rvh – gain, attain, obtain, achieve, benefit, relieve

rvy – itrevei - saturate, intoxicate, satiate, quench,

sa’eiv – defile, impure

sa’ir – goat (not he-goat)

se’or she-ba-issah - Milgrom, Leviticus, 1:189

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sgy – amplifying the meaning to include… Aramaic, ?????? (le-asga’ah), “to increase,” a Zoharic

rendering of the rabbinic Hebrew ????? (le-rabbot), “to increase,” include, amplify, widen the scope of

meaning, encompass. In rabbinic hermeneutics the word ?? (gam), “also, too” amplifies the literal

meaning of a biblical word or phrase. See Bereshit Rabbah 1:14; JT Berakhot 9:5, 14b.

increase, abound, amplify, multiply, proliferate, spread, augment

sha’asha – desire, delight, object of play, amusement, delight; delight in, with the righteous

sha’ata – le(-fum) sha’ata – momentarily, temporarily, instantly, in a moment, for that (particular)

moment, for a moment, from time to time

Moses de León, Peirush ha-Merkavah, 60 – ke-fi sha’ah – just for a moment

sha’eiv – absorb, infuse, draw, swallow, suck, soak, steep, saturate

shaifa – member, smooth member, limb Aramaic, ????? (shaifa), from a root meaning “to smooth, rub,

slip.” In the Zohar the word signifies “limb,” perhaps based on the Talmudic expression (BT, Sotah 7b):??

?????? ???? (al eivreih le-shafa), “each limb entered its socket [the place from which it “slipped”; or

“the chest”].” See Arukh, s.v. shaf; Rashi, ad loc., and on Job 33:21, citing Hullin 42b; Zohar 3:170a.

Cf. Job 33:21.

shaklel – found, complete, consummate

sharei – alight, rest upon, dwell, inhabit, reside, occupy, encamp, settle, prevail, prevalent, halt, stay,

abide, remain, befall, located, found, inhere, lives in, present, appear, lie, hover over, spread over,

preside over, touch down, come down, land, loom over, impend, impose, haunt (Soncino), begin (sharui

– found, staying, living), is situated (Mopsik); induce; loosen, untie, undo, unfasten, detach; dismiss,

permit, forgive, annul, melt, thaw, release, begin, make water flow

sharei be – housing, hold, contain, enclose, include, harbor, pertain, imbued with, befall; immersed in

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ashrei – ground, install, plant, cause to dwell (abide), ensconce, cause to flow, shower, shed, provide

lodging, place, put, set, settle; le-ashra’ah – to dwell (2:135b, 13; 3:66a, 25))

shd – ashid – testify, attest, admonish, warn, adjure, bear witness

shd – shadei – pour, pour out, pour forth, pour into, cast, throw, stream, gush, expel, spew, discharge,

inject, emit, shed (tears); abandon, reject, drive away

shdl – engaged, exert oneself, exert effort, strive, endeavor, try, persevere, devote oneself, delve into,

appease, win favor, induce, be assiduous, sedulous, diligent, busy (occupy) oneself, make an effort;

persuade; attend on; pesiqta rabbati 26: strive to; OY on 2:46a

wrestle – Jacob and angel, Targum; Mopsik: s’adonner, devote oneself

entice, seduce - qohelet rabbah on 1:16; Pesiqta de-Rav Kahana 13:14

shelamim – offerings of well-being; communion offering(s), sacrifice(s); Alter, p. 553

shgh – pay attention, take notice (Sok); consider, gaze, peer, speculate, ponder, watch, watch over,

oversee, care, be careful, show care, be attentive, regard, examine, inspect, investigate, scrutinize, look

after, look upon, look closely, observe, stare, see, survey, search, supervise distinguish, perceive, notice,

be aware, be concerned with, heed, call to mind, witness; providence; KB – look at closely, examine

critically; notice, gaze at

la shgh – disregard, having no regard, be inattentive, overlook, ignore, unaware, oblivious,

unmindful; do not consider, heed, care, etc.

ashgahuta, ashgaha – observing, observation, providential care, supervision, overseeing,

providence, watchfulness, watching, scrutinizing

shi’bud malkhuyot – subjugation to kingdoms, empires

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shkhh - shekhihei - located, found, present, appear, common; find, come upon, happen upon, meet,

encounter, notice

ishtekhah - == prevails, be prevalent, present, is current, exist, is common, find, find oneself, found,

found to be, is still, considered, located, situated, occupy (a place), be occupied (engaged immersed) in,

assemble, discover, come to be, come into being, become, derive, originate, become available, are

enabled, attain, appear (seem), apparent, there, right there, extending, lurking, loom, hover, grow,

develop, evolve, stem, turn into, manifest (reveal), bear, is present; making (totaling a certain number),

fraught, haunts, prowls (Mopsik), take place, happen, happen upon, come upon, occur, transpire,

elapse, be performed, remain, endure, spread, permeate, pervade, suffuse, imbue, fill, bathed in,

consisted of, composed of, inhere, be in a state or condition of, involve, pertain, apply, be caused; le-

ishtekhaha – so that there should be, find the opportunity

so we find, so, thus, thereby, consequently, in consequence, so in actuality, it appears, it is apparent, it

seems, apparently, it turns out

shakhiah le-eina – obvious

forget – 3:165b, 16

la ishtekhah – nowhere to be found, not (to be) found, does not appear, not present, absent, missing,

lacking, without, unavailable, vanishes, disappears, does not exist; there has never been, is no longer, is

no, is not; does not find oneself; (such is, which is) not the case, to prevent; to be unable

shkhkh – subside, calm, soothe, lull, pacify, appease, placate, mollify, assuage, quiet, quiet down, settle

down, die down, ebb, wane, abate, gentle, tame, subdue; tranquility, rest, be still; diminish; embed

shkhll – complete, form, dedicate, adorn (JPA); founded, established, finished, decorated, consummated

shlm – complete, perfect, restore, become whole, consummate, fulfill, accomplish, harmonize, intact,

total, unmitigated, full, finish

ashlamuta, shelimu - consummation, fullness (milluim), perfection, complete, integrity, full complement;

wholeness, completion, completeness

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gevar shelim – perfect, complete, consummate man (Onkelos on Genesis 25:27)

shelim be-khola – entirely consummate, totally complete

shlshl – concatenate, link, unfold, unfurl, develop; loosen

shlt - dominate, have (obtain, gain) dominion, dominant, control, rule, master, authority, regulate, have

(gain, hold) sway, prevail, prevalent, preside, reign, exercise sovereignty, govern, government, take

control, in charge, in command, power, have power over, overpower, empower, overwhelm, subject,

apprehend

shalta beih eina – control, master, apprehend, penetrate, has (no) power over it, is empowered to

see

shalit – ruler, power, chieftain

shma – mashma (ishtema), as indicated by, meaning, implying; prove, indicate, inform; it can be

concluded, it follows; ke-mashma’o – literally

qa mashma lan – it (Scripture) informs (tells, teaches) us; indicate, imply

mashma dikhtiv – as implied (indicated) by what is written

shema minah – infer, conclude (from this)

shmr – observe, keep, guard

shmsh - perform, serve, be of service to, minister, officiate, attend, utilize, use, make use of, exploit,

resort to, profit from, benefit from, enjoy, avail oneself of, have access to; wield, make magical use,

conjure; perform conjugally, perform conjugal union, join conjugally, conjugal performance, relations,

intercourse, unite, join, merge; function, role; implement, accessory

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shmsh arsa – perform in bed; shimmusha (de-arsa) – conjugal union, relations; sexual relations, union

shmsh (aveid) shimmusha – join (unite) conjugally, perform conjugal union, perform conjugally,

perform its conjugal role (function)

consult a bat qol; Lieberman, HJP, 194-95

ishtemash - ply, wield, enjoy, perform; see shmsh

shmt – slip, slip out, slip away, slip aside, escape, omit, release, abandon

shna – ishtenei – mutated, deteriorated

shnn – shenana (shinnana) de-harba - Targum Onqelos, Genesis 3:24; Targum, 1 Samuel 17:7; blade,

flaming (flashing) blade (sword)

shpl – shippulei –lower portion, skirt, outskirts, depths, bottom, recesses

shpr – shapir – fine, seemly, beautiful, well (spoken), good, fair, lovely; shappir ka-amart - you have

spoken well; well spoken

shq – shaqyu – saturation, drenching, drinking, irrigation, watering, drink, soaking, flow, tide, moisten;

saturating flow, saturated by the flow…

shq’ – sink, embed, lower, submerge, immerse, stick in

shql – weigh, balance, take, receive, carry, equivalent to; meter, rhythm

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shiqqula – weight, equal, balance, rhythm; be-shiqqula – even, evenly (hairs of the same length) –

2:176b (SdTs); 3:129a (IR), 131a (IR)

shqr – betray, lie, belie, be false, prove false, deal false, misrepresent, falsify, be unfaithful, deny

shr – ashar – surround, go about, goes around, move, revolve, turn

shtf – collaborate, participate, join, combine, cooperate, (become a) partner with, (become) associate

with, take part in, partake in, share in, include

shtf – equivocal, join

shtl – plant, sow, embed, spread (roots, mashtilim, spread pes rab, 3), disseminate, branch out, set;

even shetiyah – shtt (midrash), shtl (ramdal, zohar); Liebes, Peraqim, 372-73; 1:56a: ashtil – active,

transitive; 1:72a (ZP, 1:424, n. 627); 78a (ZP, 2:9, n. 55)

shetilu – seedling, sapling

shtsei – eliminate, eradicate, exterminate, extirpate, purge, annihilate, destroy, cut, cut off, excluded

(krt - Targum Onqelos)

shurah – lifnim mi-shurat ha-din - beyond the line of strict justice

shut – roam, rove, fly, swim, float, drift, flit, wander, soar, sweep, flow, sail, range

shuv – teshuvah – returning to God, return, turning back, repentance; repent, turn (back) in repentance

ba’al teshuvah – one who returns to God, master of returning

shv – shaveina alai – I resolved, I took upon myself, set my intention; place

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shvh - tushbahta – song, praise, song of praise, hymn, celebration; glorify; onqelos et ha-shirah ha-zot;

yonatan: shir, mizmor le-david; praise, praiseworthy, worthy, worth, worthiness, merit, laudable,

commendable, admirable, advantage, superiority, preference, esteem

shevaha de-khola – finest of all, best of all

ishtabbah – is praised, glorified; boasts, prides himself, take pride

shvq – leave, abandon, neglect, forsake, desert (remove, withhold, withdraw); allow, permit, let, let go,

forgive, forgo, waive, relax its hold, release

siah – commune, speak, complain

sitra - side, dimension, realm, direction, aspect (astrological influence), facet, flank, angle, page, corner,

respect, perspective; mode (mopsik); (terein – twofold); inclination, intention, tendency, characteristic,

type, species, way; tehum (Tishby); realm (Goldstein); piece (Goldstein, Matoq mi-Devash); segment

mi-sitra – on account of; concerning, regarding

sitra ahra – Gentiles; 1:204b

skhkh – shut off for protection, shield, shelter

skl – istakkal – gaze, contemplate, meditate, reflect, consider, ponder, speculate, envision, envisage,

imagine, observe, notice, regard, investigate, examine, see, look, look into, look out for, behold, has an

eye for, be watchful, careful, scrutinize, perceive, realize, glimpse, infer, foresee, oversee

hakha it le-istakkala - Here one should contemplate, examine, investigate, observe, scrutinize, ponder,

consider, notice

me-hakha – from now on, henceforth

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hai qera it… This verse should be examined, calls for contemplation, should be contemplated,

pondered, investigated…

kamah it lon le-istakkalah – see kamah

kad yistakkalun milei – upon contemplating (these) words

sukhletanu – intelligence, understanding, reasoning, contemplation, discernment, mind (onqelos for

tevunah, maskil; yerushalmi for binah) Deut 32:28 – tevunah, understanding, sukhletanu

skm – askim – harmonize, agree, accord, concur; approve, confirm

istakkam (al yedoi)– conform to his action, decision, etc; approve, agree, assent, concur with him;

confirm, authorize; Liebes, Peraqim, 344

slq - ascend, rise, arise, raise, elevate, lift, heave, climb, mount, amount to, mount up to, total, come to,

total, add up to, scale, go up, attain, pertain, reach, touch, attack, result in, remove, remove oneself,

keep away, take out, take up, offer up, pluck (from the world, or remove from the world), depart,

withdraw, disappear, vanish, desert, abandon, escape, avert, leave; bring up, grow, shoot up, sprout,

send forth, send up; rank, reckon, esteem, consider, regard, deem, count, evoke, culminate, complete,

elapse, reserve, preserve, keep, store away, postpone, defer, remit, suspend, stay, die, pass away,

perish, be eliminated, transcend, transcendent, exalt, retract, bring, bring upon, transfer, hand (over) to,

consign, emit or waft, give off (fragrance), exude, gush, spout, excel, surpass, succeed, prevail; straddle;

emerge, loosen, unloosen; be noticed, noticeable, stand out; engender, produce, yield, breed

seliq al (bi-) re’uteih – entertain the desire, arose in His will

slq bi-r’uta – when an impulse arose in the Will, a wish arose within (me)

seliq al kola – transcends them all, surpass, excel, exceed

seliq be-dina – arraign in judgment, brought to judgment (2:89b, 9; 139a, 4)

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seliqu – ascension, ascent, ascending, rising, arising, elevation, exaltation, ascendancy

bi-sliqu – ascendantly

slq be-mahashavah – arose in thought (Akiva)

slq be-matqala – put on the scales, mount the scale (placed, weighed, balanced; scale)

be-had matqala salqa – evenly balanced, equivalent; rises the same on the scale, attain

equilibrium, attain one balance

be-darga had salqa – ascending to (onto) a single rung, attaining a single rung

see below: slq le-had – mount up to one, ascend to one, amount to one

slq be-shem – attain a name

slq be-hushbena – be reckoned (included) in the count, reckoned up, counted up

slq be-yad – succeed, be successful, attain, work well, gain something, avail one something

ve-khi salqa da’atakh – Now, do you (would you) (ever) imagine, how could you imagine, would it arise

in your mind, would it enter your mind, could you possibly think, conceive, imagine, could it possibly

occur to you? Now, do you really think (believe)?

slq le-had – mount up to one, ascend to one, amount to one

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smkh – samekha – support; onqelos: samekha - eden – pedestal, base, socket; place next to, bring close,

adjoin, adjacent; rely on; samekha – pillar (Liebes, Peraqim, 360)

smn – ve–simanikh - Your mnemonic is:; sign, symbol, token

smr – le-istamara - to be careful, beware, be wary, alert, guard, be on guard, vigilant, protect, is careful

to, take heed, kept from, refrain

sngr – defend, advocate (on behalf of someone’s cause)

spq – ispaqlarya – lens, speculum, glass, mirror; clear, dim lens, glass; resplendent speculum, speculum

that shines, does not shine.

Huss, in Kabbalah 4 (1999): 109, n. 21; 111, n. 30.

va-yeshev, p. 114, n. 191

srh - putrefy, stink, decay, decompose, sin, spoil, degenerate, corrupt, foul, offend

serahon – decay, repulsiveness, stench, offensiveness, corruption, sin (revert to, relapse into, decay,

repulsiveness)

sti – satei, satah - le-asta’ah – to lead astray, mislead, seduce, lure, to accuse; stray, deviate, veer,

detour, shift, turn, turn off, turn aside, turn away, drift, swerve, delude, divert, pervert (see stn); (sti

arha - pervert the way)

stm – KB: shut, obstruct, hide; conceal, seal, envelop, close, close off, enclose, shut, stop, stop up, block,

clog, constrict, mask, put out; rough-hewn (2:84b, 1); Daniel 8:26: setom he-hazon; seal up, keep secret;

undisclosed secret, sealed secret; istetim – be stopped up, closed up, completed

setam – unspecified, without specification, unidentified, unidentifiable, anonymous, nameless,

undefined, in an undefined manner, indefinite (undifferentiated), without the definite article, in a

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general sense (way), unexplained, simply, merely, plain, uncharacterized, unqualified, without (further)

qualification; just, alone; without adjectives, without attributes, by itself; pure and simple

setam – contrasted with mammash 3:188b (Scholem: setam – symbol)

satim millah – (Scripture) concealed the word (84a), 232b

setama (setima) de-millah, 30b (unspecifed wording); 50a, 2:37b, 30–31 (gist of the word), 90a

(unspecified wording); Sotah 25a: setama de-milta - a matter without qualification (Sokoloff, 834a), the

usual practice; as a (general) rule (BM 32b); 3:99a: secrecy of the word; secrecy of the matter; mystery

of the matter

setama de-milta – ordinarily (RH 34a)

setam – it’s taken for granted (RH 7b)

setama de-millin – obscurity of words (30b)

setim- enveloped, sealed, concealed, enclosed, obscure, secret, hidden, closed

setim ainin – shut-eyed, blind

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raza setima – hidden (concealed) mystery

setimu – secrecy, recess, secret recess, covert, concealment, blockage

shkll – complete, form, fashion, build, found, adorn, decorate, perfect, consummate

stn – accuse, indict, lead astray, seduce (see sti);

suspita – dregs, scoria, slag, dross

see note in qedoshim, 84b; the Zoharic neologism ??????? (suspita), “dross, dregs, scoria, slag,”

apparently based on Aramaic ????? (kuspa), “pomace, husk, residue.” See Zohar 1:30a, 71b, 118b, 179b,

228a; 2:24b, 203a, 224b, 236b; Bei’ur ha-Millim ha-Zarot, 182; Scholem, Major Trends, 389, n. 54; idem,

Alchemy and Kabbalah, 38–40; Liebes, Peraqim, 336-38. Forces of evil left over after the refining process

of emanation. See now Liebes, Pulhan ha-Shahar, 200, who prefers the Greek etymology proposed and

then rejected by Scholem.

ta’am – reason, sense, meaning, exegesis, argument, rule, law, taste, basis, intonation

ta’an – goad (MT 165, 388, n. 42)

ta’av – false god, god, idol

ta’ev – desire, have an appetite, long, yearn, crave, lust, eager

talmid hakham – disciple of the wise, scholar, sage

talmud lomar –Steinsaltz: the verse (Torah) states, the verse teaches, came to teach; Jastrow: the text

reads, there is a teaching in the Scriptural text to intimate, read the text; Alkali – the word means, it

teaches us; the verse reads

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mah talmud lomar – what does Scripture (the verse, it) mean by saying?

tamtsit – residue, drippings, squeezings, juice, remnant, drain, leftovers

temiru – secrecy

tfs – catch, seize, hold, punish

tfs – tufsa, tufsera – Tufsa derives from Greek tupos, “form, shape, figure, pattern, outline, mold,

matrix.” configuration, frame, template, formula. Tifsa means “ember, coal” in Zohar 1:242a. See Bei’ur

ha-Millim ha-Zarot, 178-80. apparently also in 1:218a. Cf. 1:237a (“flash”); 3:111a. 2:30b – tafsirin – fiery

warriors, glowing embers?

Luria, Va-Ye’esof David, tifsa; zp 3:479, n. 818

tifsa – form of a person 2:86a

tifsa – handle of a saddle, pommel, 2:89a, 28

tufsa – theft (zh 65a)

tifsa – sdts 2:177a, 41;

sifta (tifsa) – 1:33b, lip of scale

matqelin de-tifsin (of lips, forms?)– 2:178b (SdTs); cf. 3:295b, Beiur ha-Millim ha-Zarot, 179-80

tfsr Luria, Va-Ye’esof David, tafserei

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tifsar – “military or administrative official, marshal, scribe” Jeremiah 51:27 (military official), ty -

warrior; Nahum 3:17 (administrative official); tafsera (Sok)

221b – tifsera -dignitary

applied to angels in piyyutim (Ben Yehudah, tifsar); also “riddle”

1:242b – tafsirei; 2:30b, tafsirin – fiery warriors, glowing embers?; 3:150a: tufserin daqiqin – slender

potent embers

20b: matrix of the nexus Aramaic, ??????? ?????? (tufsira de-qutra). In the Zohar tufsira (or tufsera) can

mean either “mold, form” (based on ????? [tufsa]) or “royal dignitary” (based on ????? [tafsera]). See

Zohar 1:30b, 96b, 157a, 241b, 242b, 243b; 2:235b (Tos); 3:120a, 270b; Bei’ur ha-Millim ha-Zarot, 178-80,

185; KP; Scholem, Sefer ha-Zohar. Here the letters are linked in a creative pattern.

96b: Your heart’s configuration is apparent in your face! Similar expressions appear in Zohar 3:6a, 157a;

ZH 72a (ShS). “Configuration” renders the Zoharic neologism ?????? (tufsera), based on Aramaic ?????

(tufsa), “mold, form.” See Zohar 1:20b, 30b, 157a, 241b, 242b, 243b; 2:235b (Tos); 3:120a, 270b; Bei’ur

ha-Millim ha-Zarot, 178-80.

157a: Aramaic, ?????? ?????? (tufsera de-qatnun), armed band of cutthroats. The first of a pair of

enigmatic phrases. In the Zohar, tufsera can mean “form, mold, configuration,” based on ????? (tufsa),

derived from Greek tupos, but here it seems to derive more naturally from the biblical term ???? (tifsar),

“marshal, commander.” See Jeremiah 51:27, where tifsar is rendered by Targum Yonatan as “warriors”

and understood by Rashi as “army.”

tafsera – tufsira – ma’asar, shalshelet Beiur ha-Millim ha-Zarot, 178; 2:61a, “his feet in tafsera,”

fetters

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thh – astonished, confounded, alarmed, consternated, dismayed, disturbed, regret, bewildered,

dumbfounded; wonder

thm – tehum – zone, region, boundary, border, limit, range, sphere, dominion, realm, domain, area;

mark limits, form a border

thr –

tehirin – dazzling demons

Aramaic, ?????? (tehirin), from the Aramaic root meaning “brightness, noon.” One class of demons is

named ???? (tiharei), “noonday demons.” See Psalms 91:6, and Rashi, ad loc; Targum, Song of Songs 4:6;

Targum Yerushalmi, Numbers 6:24, Deuteronomy 32:24. The Hebrew root??? (thr), “pure,” lends this

demonic name a euphemistic tone. Liebes, 320

for havilei tehirin, add: Zohar 1:94a, 130b, 198b, 200a, 232b (Tos); 2:130a-b, 195b, 205a, 207a

([ravaging] bands of dazzling demons)

tla – hang, dangle, depend, suspend, hinge, hover, loom, impend, derive (from), trace (to), attribute to,

assign to, link, attach, revolve on, prevail; pertain; da be-da – intertwined; available (teshuvah)

tm – tam

Jacob was a ?? (tam), simple, man... The verse reads: The boys grew up. Esau became a skilled hunter, a

man of the field, while Jacob was a ?? (tam), simple, man, dwelling in tents. The word tam means

“simple, innocent, plain, mild, quiet, sound, wholesome, complete, perfect.” Targum Onqelos, ad loc.,

renders it: ???? (shelim), “complete, perfect, consummate.” vayishlah, n. 86; vayhi 222a

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tamim - perfect [or: complete, blameless, wholehearted, unblemished]

tn – tana ???? – it has been learned, taught (Kallah Rabbati 2:1: it has been taught; Yevamot 105b: it was

taught); a tanna learned, taught

tanei Rabbi Shim’on - Rabbi Shim’on teaches

tanya – it has been taught

tnr – tinnara – flint, rock, cliff

toelta – benefit, value, avail

without – uselessly, fruitlessly, pointlessly, to no (without) purpose, futilely, in vain

toledin – begettings

aveid toledin – generate offspring

tqa – fasten, drive in, thrust, insert, strike, pitch (tent), embed, affix, stuck

tqf, tuqpa, teqifu – potency, power, vigor, strength, force, stronghold, severity, intensity, harshness,

roughness, boldness, agitated, turbulent; tuqpa de-dina, rigor of j, rigidity; effort, exertion, stern

tuqpa de-ar’a – tabbur ha-arets (Targum Yonatan)

tuqpa – bosom Onqelos –Numbers 11:12; Zohar 2:9a, 96a.

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taqqifa – fierce, ferocious, mighty, towering, harsh, potent, powerful, strong, dominant, formidable,

hard, intense, severe, stern, strict, impregnable, solid, dense, terrible, bold, brazen, agitated, turbulent;

coarse, rough

ittaqaf – invigorated, energized, empowered, vitalized, intensified, increased, deepened, strengthen

oneself, strengthen (also intransitive), gathering strength, gain strength, strengthened, reinforced,

fortified, bolstered, emboldened, took courage, encourage, entrench; agitated, attack, assail, overcome,

overpower, overwhelm, triumph, prevail, temper, harden oneself, steel oneself, summoning courage,

brace; be stubborn, stubbornly; Hebrew, mahaziq – grasp, grip, seize, clutch, snatch, grab, take hold,

hold fast, hold firm, hold tight, fasten, plant firmly, secure, stabilize, firm, tight, cleave, embrace

ittaqaf be-tuqpa – empowered potently, steel yourself potently

atqif – object; attack; seize, etc (mahaziq); constrain, compel, coerce, force, pressure, press, oppress;

atqif le- strengthen, etc.

tql weigh, balance, gauge

matqala – weight, scales

tiqla – zp 2:8, n. 51; 82, n. 634; 158, n. 320 – potter’s wheel, kick-wheel, scale, balance, hollow of the

hand, fist, water-clock

tqn

tiqqen – mend, repair, recast, refound (glass), refine, enhance, improve, prepare, ready, available, brace

oneself, cultivate, prime, enable, correct, proper, put (oneself) right, precise, rectify, perfect, restore,

align, realign, straight, order, set in order, configure, arrange, array, adorn, embellish, decorate,

ornament, design, weave, deploy, equip, furnish, establish, set, set up, place, make firm, confirm,

harmonize, symmetrize, ripen, mature, remedy, amend, straighten, pave, smooth, make fit, qualified,

suited, convenient, make up for, compensate, intone (song), poise, mold itself, attend (Soncino:

maintain, uphold, sustain, renew, reinforce, cosmic reconstruction) Mopsik: reparation; ensure

ittaqan al tiqquneih – restored to perfection, perfectly mended

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taqin – Onq: ve-taqin la-hada (ve-hinneh tov me’od)

atqin – prepare, ordain, arrange, array, equip, attune, prime, invent, compose, innovate, institute, invest

(someone with), establish, enact, inaugurate, install, erect, introduce, prescribe (array, ordain, institute

evening prayer)

atqin orha qaman, orha mittetaqna qaman – has paved the way for us; the way before us is paved,

smooth; our path is made straight before us, auspicious (Soncino)

ad la itqan, not yet revealed (KP 70c); ittaqan kursaya - nakhon la-rokhev (OY 2:30b)

tiqquna – preparation, equipment, ritual, rite, restorative rite, restoration, reintegration, mending (of

one’s being), correction, remedy, reparation, amends, enhancement, refinement, harmony, perfection,

adorning, adornment, array, arraying, arrayal, arrangement, adjustment, finishing touch, configuration,

maintaining; administration (of justice); institution, regulation, ruling, rule, directive, guideline, reform;

well-being, (bodily) constitution; trappings, fixtures; procedure; weapon

be-tiqquna – refinedly

atqin tiqqun – restore perfection…

tiqqunin of the beard – enhancements, curls

tiqqun olam – social order, welfare; 1:38a: rearranged the world for them; working the earth, preparing

the soil, cultivate; restoration, mending, enhancement, harmony, harmonizing, adorning, arrraying,

maintaining, perfection of the world

trd – trouble, harass, torment, beset; drive out, expel, banish

trkh – grsh – drive out, cast out, expel, banish, divorce, exile, dismiss

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trq – havilei teriqin - ravaging bands of stingers

trs – ba’alei terisin BT Berakhot 27b; Bekhorot 36a; shield-bearing warriors

tsqf – tasqupa – pretext (Judges 14:4 (pretext, opportunity, occasion, ground for quarrel), Targum

Yonatan; Radaq) 2:65a, 25 (Goldstein: subterfuge); Sullam – false charges

ploy – 1:169b, 179b; 3:172b; 2:65a, 25

2:65b; 3:266b – tasqupei millin, fabricated accusations, fabrications; Targum Onqelos

Deuteronomy 22:14 – false accusation, false charges; deeds that are only words; groundless, fictitious

accusation of abominable behavior; Alter – and he impute to her misconduct; Ev – puts on her

capricious charges; Dick – he’ll assert words of abuse toward her; JPS, NRSV – makes up charges against

her; Tigay – accuses her of misconduct; Stone – makes a wanton accusation against her;

tsr – tesirin, specters zp 1:156, n383); snare (1:195b, 30); 3:126a (walls?, sitrei?)

195b: snare ????? (Tesira), a Zoharic neologism whose meaning ranges. 1:178b (zp 3:79, n 531), where

it apparently means “specter, spirit” (as in Zohar 1:17b, 20b). Cf. 2:29a (eerie?), 76a (sitrin), 240a

(tehiru); 3:126a. Cf. qisra – cage? 219b; Luria, Va-Ye’esof David, s.v. tesirin

perhaps derived playfully from the root ??? (tus), “to fly.”

tsa’ara – trouble, distress, afflict, pain, suffering, sorrow, grief,harm, vex, aggravated, harass, bother,

torment, annoy, pester

tsh – tsahtsah – radiant, gleaming, lucent, sparkle

tsn’ – conceal, modest,

tseni’uta – modesty, privacy, concealment

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tshtsh – blot out, obliterate, expunge, smear

tsrf – smelt, refine, purify, purge, try, test, mine; combine, permute

tsv – tseva’am – their array; force, etc. (see heila)

tsyr, tsiyyura – fashion, draw, form, mark, depict, tracing, figure, shape, drawing, picture, design

tsrkh – necessary, requisite, required, essential, has to (be), (where it) must, is in need, be forced to,

should be, (where it) should, have (no) need of, demand, appropriate, dependent

de-la itsterikh – undesirable, unwanted, unwelcome, uncalled-for, needless, unncessary, not supposed

to, which must not be…, (no one) may be, what (where) one should not, where there should be none

man de-la itsterikh – the one who must not be encountered

cf. Targum Onqelos, Deuteronomy 32:17: ???? ???? ???? ????.

ve-hakhi itsterikh – necessarily (so), unavoidably; so it has to (had to, should, must) be, (this is) as (how)

it should be, this was how it should have been, as required

be-sha’at de-itsterikh - when necessary, when there is need, when the need arises

tul – htl – cast, throw, inject, insert, inflict, fling, drop

tu(v) – moreover, further, furthermore; thus, again, more; Rabbi Abba said further

tus, “to fly” – tisin

Zohar 1:16a, 19b, 108b (ST), 218a–b; 2:7b, 147b; 3:229b (RM).

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tv – tivu uqhshot – hesed ve-emet (Onk Gen 24:49; 47:29) steadfast kindness (Uri); faithfully and truly

(Everett); true kindness, steadfast loyalty (JPS)

aveid immeih tivu – treats him kindly

otiv – treat (deal) well, kindly; benefit; do good

tivu, tava – goodness, benefit, kindness

tav leih de-la itberei - better for him if he had never been created!

tvh - tivhah, tevaha, stunned, dismayed, astonishment, astound, surprise, amaze, wonder

tva – demand (exact) requital, restitution, payment, punishment; ask, search, inquire

tva elbon – avenge (demand requital for, exact punishment for) a humiliation (insult, shame)

tva hova, dina – demand justice (punishment, restitution, payment) for a sin, debt

tvr – break, fracture, pulverize, smash, shatter, splinter

uq – ???? – anguish, constriction, distress, afflict

vaddai – literally, surely, certainly, actually, truly, really, indeed, for sure, absolutely, undoubtedly,

precisely, exactly; of course, obviously;

see mammash: actual(ly), real, really, genuine, authentic, veritable, true, substantial, substance, literally,

very, precisely, exact(ly), simply, identical; (him, it, your)self;

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vtq – vatiq – devoted, devotee

ya’al – me’alya – beneficial, effective

ya’ash – itya’ash – abandon (surrender) claim, relinquish, renounce, give (something) up, resign

possession, discard from the mind, abandon hope of (despair of) recovery; forgo, yield

yda – yedi’in – known, well-known, recognized, certain, specific, specified, particular, familiar, proficient

in, expert in, acquainted

yda – know, learn, be aware, perceive, discover, comprehend, understand, take note, realize,

recognize, gain knowledge, are familiar with

ishtemoda – perceive, know, recognize, discern, detect, ascertain, identify, well-known, renowned,

know well, intimately, familiar, specific, discover, reveal, realize, notice, regard, make known, made

manifest, distinguish, declare, cause to be recognized (odi’a), demonstrate, acknowledge, is evident,

apparent, clearly

odi’a – inform, apprise, reveal, tell, communicate, convey information, declare, make known,

disseminate, show, demonstrate, mention, impart, relate

ydh – thank, confess, concede, consent, acknowledge a debt; acclaim, praise, laud, glorify

yetser ha-ra – evil impulse

yhd – le-yahada yihuda – effecting, actualizing unification (union, unity) (fittingly); unite, unify; be-

yihuda hada – in unison

yhei – to hurry, hasten, rush (ohu) (2:136b, 29)

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yhv – impart, give, grant, bestow, present, provide, extend, offer, yield, confer, render, endow 818.12;

furnish, deliver, transmit, convey, transfer, bring, put, set, place, plant, infuse; inflict, impose, assign,

entrust; add

YHVH I YHVH am your God

yir’ah – awe, reverence, fear; revere, be in awe (of)

ykhh – okhah – establish, prove, demonstrate; admonish, reprove, chastise, reprimand

ykhl – kivyakhol – as it were, so to speak, as if it were possible, if one may say so, it is as if

yld – olid – engender, procreate, have (a son), bringing forth offspring, reproducing, propagate

yll – howl; howlers

ynq – suck, suckle, absorb, imbibe, draw, draw nourishment , derive

yqr yeqar – splendor; yeqara ila’ah - supernal splendor; honor, glory; splendid

yrt – inherit, possess; transmit

yry – mai ka mairei – how can he make such an assertion? what’s he point?

yshv – hityashshev – settle, inhabit, situated, populate, stabilize, fix, be stable, calm, feel settled,

become tranquil, composed, subside, establish, explain, reconcile, resolve, arrange evenly, deploy, be

embedded, (smooth, even, level highway)

yishuva – cultivation, habitation, civilization; yishuva de-alma – the inhabited world; right ordering

of society (Soncino)

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ytm – yatom – without a teacher (Avodah Zarah 13b; Hullin 111b?); be orphaned of

yvv – wail; trumpet; trumpeters; (wail - JT 16:5, 15d)

ze’eir anpin – also understood as small countenance

zhr – izdehar – wary, beware, aware, cautious, careful, show care for, heedful, mindful, vigilant, warn,

alert, admonish, caution; radiate, glow; warning, admonition, advise, caution; radiance, splendor

kamah it… le-izdahara – how vigilant (careful) a person should be…

zkhei – deserve, privileged to, virtuous, worthy, worth, entitle, merit, enable, sake, attain, achieve,

reach, gain, obtain, earn, has a right to, becomes the rightful owner, acquire, succeed, pure, purify,

refine, qualify, make or render worthy, confer merit, become worthy, prove oneself worthy, be found

worthy, deserving, just (Isaiah 33:5, targum: zekhu for tsedaqah), benefit; innocent; best, be victorious;

la zkh- fail

zekhut- (judge) favorably; worth, merit, virtue

zaka’a – virtuous, righteous, pure, worthy, innocent, happy

zkhr – invoke a name

zlzl – belittle, disparage

zmn - intending to, intent on, destined, determined, bound to, in the future, one day will, will then, will

eventually, the time will arrive (come), ready, waiting, awaits (one), lie in wait, (lie) in store, poised,

prepared, available, inclined to, about to, about to happen, is to (should do something), be present,

appear, pave (the way), reserve

zamin – welcome, etc. (zmn)

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azmin – appoint, designate, assign, commission, invite, summon, call, prepare, ready, arrange, provide,

supply, destine, call forth

izdamman - designated, appointed, destined, intended, reserved, to be, meant, prepared, prepared

himself, await, poised, about to, going to, arranged, prearranged, ready, readied, available, provide,

initiated, invited, come (to hand, to one’s help) providentially, meet, happen to meet, happen, happen

upon, chance upon, come upon, come about, come to pass, befall, encounter (are confronted by),

confront, appear, be present(ed), present itself, show up, assemble, gather, come along, turn up, loom,

prevalent, end up with, have the opportunity to, manifest, summoned; “encountered that destined

(fish)”

nizdammen mal’akh – appointed, appear

nizdammen lo ragli ehad - “happening to meet a pedestrian” (Sanhedrin 96a, Soncino)

izdammenu le-gabeih – confront him (or can be “he encounters them”)

zohama – filth, slime, lewdness, scum; scoria, dross, slag (of gold), pollution, dirt; contamination

zq – ziqa – wind, stream of air, spark, demon, spirit (like ruah) 1:86b; 2:86a, 38; cf. 2:34b, 40–41

zqf – rise, surge, billow

zqq – zeqaq – obligate (the widow for yibbum)

nizqaqin - attend to, obliged to, obligated to

nzqq – join, be engaged in (with), be attached to

itpe’el – be obliged to deal with, attend to, have sex

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zrz – izdaraz – arm, gird, ready for fighting, equipped; arouse, strengthen, encourage, brace; Onk -

Numbers 32:17, 20; be alert, zealous, conscientious

zv – ziva – glow, splendor, radiance, luster

ziv yeqara – radiant glory

zvg - zivvuga – coupling, partner, mate, joining, union; connubial, conjugal; izdavvag – couple, attack;

verb: couple, join, attach,unite, pair, match, mate, wed, marry

bat zug – mate, partner, spouse

zyn – zaina – kind, type, weapon, device