Daniel Clavijo Harrison Nguyen Bjorn Bourne

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Daniel Clavijo Harrison Nguyen Bjorn Bourne East Asia Economics. Politics. Society. 1600-1750

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East Asia. –. Economics. Society. Politics. 1600-1750. Daniel Clavijo Harrison Nguyen Bjorn Bourne. Ming to Qing China. Economic Changes Political Changes Social Changes. Essential Question. How did isolationist policies affect Ming to Qing China and Tokugawa Japan - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Daniel Clavijo Harrison Nguyen Bjorn Bourne

Page 1: Daniel  Clavijo Harrison Nguyen  Bjorn Bourne

Daniel ClavijoHarrison Nguyen Bjorn Bourne

East AsiaEconomics.Politics.Society.

1600-1750

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Economic ChangesPolitical ChangesSocial Changes

Ming to Qing China

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How did isolationist policies affect Ming to Qing China and Tokugawa Japan

socially, politically, and economically? What events in the past shape how a

country’s people are today?

Essential Question

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China had a farming economyTrade reached the South China Sea

under the MingEarly Qing economy flourishedRewards were issued for land cultivationTaxes were reduced under the Qing

Economic Changes

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Rice hybrids were createdTrade within China grewTrade = wealthy merchantsMoney was found as coins or paperBulky coins caused the creation of banks

Economic Changes

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The Grand Canal connected Beijing to Southern China.

Misconception: Chinese government controlled trade

The government controlled salt trade.

Economic Changes

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The Tokugawa and the Qingboth saw commercial increase from

merchants and peasant work to currency and banking. Qing tradingwas more lenient than Tokugawa.

Economic Changes

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1636- Manchus establish Qing dynastyUse of Ming governmentSoldiers were assigned posts to maintain

orderQing gained lands as part of their empireMissionaries were accepted and hired

Political Changes

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Didn’t solve the problems of common people

Influences on rule:Beijing captured by banditsWestern colonizationNatural disaster

Political Changes

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of Qing ChinaSociety…

Hereditary status groups• Ranged from the descendants of

imperial line to “mean people”• Occupations were hereditary

• banner men• brewer men• dyers• doctors• navigators• Daoist priests passed their jobs down to

at least one son in generation.

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of Qing ChinaSociety…Second time the whole of China is ruled by foreigners—Manchu Manchus maintained domination over Chinese by preserving their own identity• Home visits • No inter-marriage• Restrict documents from

Chinese Change in dress code…• Men must shave hair and wear queues with

Manchu clothing• Women no longer bind feet

• Impossible to enforce, withdrawn in 1668

• However, Qing allowed growth and decoration of fingernails

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of Qing ChinaSociety…Social Mobility• it was possible for “a peasant boy to become the

first scholar in the land”• stressed education and hard work

• motivated households• upward mobilityChange in attitude• money becomes the indicator of status• Chinese elite join Qing state to propagate

traditional values and behavior • morality books tied virtuous behavior to concrete rewards• educational success• high office• sons

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of Qing ChinaSociety…Renaissance?• time of peace in the ascension of Qing Dynasty • allowed for revival of arts and learning• renaissance-like effect

• repaired public works• essays, novels, pamphlets, books,

scriptures• art • plays• “Story of the Stone”Family

• the foundation of roles that were essential in the Confican vision of a morally correct society

• basic unit of production and consumption in Chinese society• kin by blood, marriage, or adoption• patriarchal

• jia

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Economic ChangesPolitical ChangesSocial Changes

Tokugawa Japan

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Japan cut-off trade with EuropeDutch merchants confined to NagasakiTowns built near roadDaimyô travelled the roadsDaimyô had to visit residencies in Edo

Economic Changes

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Most daimyô income went to townsDaimyô castle = major cityPeasants switched to commercial farmingWealth was measured in koku1 Koku = approximately 5 bushels of rice

Economic Changes

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Money began circulatingRise of money = rise of merchantsTextiles and sake became popularBanks loaned to samurai and daimyôMerchants learned financial skills

Economic Changes

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1603- beginning of Tokugawa ShogunateBalance between tozama, fudai, and

shimpan1635- successful system of domains

establishedUncommon class structureChristianity was banned

Political Changes

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Failed fiscal reformInfluences on actions:

Fear of loss of powerSpread of Christianity in AsiaDaimyô and samurai face financial

hardship

Political Changes

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End of Tokugawa Shogunate:Peasant uprisings and samurai unrestFinancial problemsAdvencement of western colonies

Political Changes

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Do you believe it was wise for Japan to practice extreme isolationism? Why or why not?

How might Japan be different had these policies not existed?

Was China’s decision to accept missionaries a sign of little national identity or a political move.

Do you believe the Tokugawa Shogunate was a more effective government than the Qing Dynasty? Why or why not?

Discussion Questions

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The Edicts of the Tokugawa Shogunate:Excerpts from The Edict of 1635 Ordering the Closing of Japan:Addressed to the Joint Bugyō of Nagasaki1. Japanese ships are strictly forbidden to leave for foreign countries.2. No Japanese is permitted to go abroad. If there is anyone who attempts to do so

secretly,he must be executed. The ship so involved must be impounded and its owner arrested,

and thematter must be reported to the higher authority.3. If any Japanese returns from overseas after residing there, he must be put to death.4. If there is any place where the teachings of padres (Christianity) is practiced, the two

ofyou must order a thorough investigation.…7. If there are any Southern Barbarians (Westerners) who propagate the teachings ofpadres, or otherwise commit crimes, they may be incarcerated in the prison maintained

by theŌmura domain, as was done previously.…10. Samurai are not permitted to purchase any goods originating from foreign ships

directlyfrom Chinese merchants in Nagasaki.…

Primary Source - Example of the Tokugawa’s measures for isolation

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"Tokugawa period." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010. Web. 15  Oct.  2010  <http://school.eb.com/eb/article-9072774>.

"Qing dynasty." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010. Web. 15  Oct.  2010  <http://school.eb.com/eb/article-9082155>.

Tokugawa Shogunate. Tokugawa Shogunate. "the Edicts of the Tokugawa Shogunate:      Excerpts from The Edict of 1635 Ordering the Closing of Japan: Addressed to      the Joint Bugyō Of Nagasaki." The Edict of 1635 Ordering the Closing      of Japan: Addressed to the Joint Bugyō Of Nagasaki. Edo: Japan: A      Documentary History: The Dawn of History to the Late Tokugawa Period, 2001.      Columbia University. Web. 21 Oct. 2010.      <http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/japan/tokugawa_edicts_foreigners.pdf>.

"Qing Dynasty 1644 - 1911." Antiques & Dynasties. Antiques & Dynasties Co, 2009.      Web. 21 Oct. 2010. <http://antiquesndynasties.com/qing_dynasty.htm>.

Adler, Philip J, and Randall L Pouwels. World Civilizations: Since 1500. N.p.:      Clark Baxter , 2008. Google Book Search. Web. 21 Oct. 2010.      <http://books.google.com/      books?id=mPoqfoiIp4sC&pg=PA358&lpg=PA358&dq=qing+dynasty+economics&source=bl&ots=      CZ-#v=onepage&q=qing%20dynasty%20economics&f=false>.

Zelin, Madeleine. "MING-QING ECONOMIC DYNAMISM AND FOREIGN TRADE." Grandeur of      the Qing. Columbia U, n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2010.      <http://www.learn.columbia.edu/nanxuntu/html/economy/>.

Gordon, Bill. "Tokugawa Period's Influence on Meiji Restoration." Home Page of      Bill Gordon. Wesleyan U, 2000. Web. 21 Oct. 2010.      <http://wgordon.web.wesleyan.edu/papers/jhist1.htm>.

"The Sankin Kotai System and Its Effects on Tokugawa Japan." Short Essays on      Tokugawa Japan before 1853. N.p., 2007. Web. 21 Oct. 2010.      <c. http://www.thecorner.org/hist/essays/japan/sankin-kotai.htm>.

Hooker, Richard. "Japan: Life in Tokugawa Japan." Tokugawa Japan (1603 - 1868).      Washington State U, 1996. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. <http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/      TOKJAPAN/SHOGUN.HTM>.

Ellington, Lucien. Japan: a Global Studies Handbook. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC CLIO, 2002. Print.

Bibliography