DAMS1(1)

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DAMS

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TERMINOLOGY for DAMS

Dam.........................................................baraj Small dam...............................................bent veya gölet Reservoir ................................................hazne veya göl alan Leakage..................................................!" #a$a% Seepage..................................................!z&a Storage...................................................'e(ola&a Coffer dam..............................................batar'o Upstream coffer dam.............................&e&ba batar'o!" Downstream coffer dam........................&an!a( batar'o!" Core.........................................................baraj $e#)r'e%) Filter .........................................................f)ltre veya ge$)rgen #at&an Diversion tunnel.....................................'er)va!yon t*nel) + $ev)r&e t*nel) Rip-rap.....................................................#or"y"," #aya 'olg" Cut-off .....................................................hen'e# Toe-drain.................................................to("# 'renaj Right side................................................!a% yan + !a% !ah)l

Left side..................................................!ol yan + !ol !ah)l

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River side.....................................neh)r )$) Butress.........................................(ayan'a

Foundation...................................te&el m!ankment................................!e''e Base-width....................................taban gen)-l)%) Crest..............................................te(e Cut-off trench...............................!a(la&a hen'e%) "pansion #oint............................gen)-le&e 'erz) ')lata!yon/

Spillwa$........................................'ol"!ava# %ravit$ dam..................................a%rl# baraj Tail water ......................................$#an !" &ead water ...................................g)ren !" 'rch dam......................................#e&er baraj '!utment......................................yan 'ayana#

(ultiple arch dam........................$o# #e&erl) baraj veya (ayan'al baraj "trados.......................................'- y*zey )ntrados........................................)$ y*zey

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*arapet...............................................#or#"l"# Rock fill dam......................................#aya 'olg" baraj Compacted rock fill...........................!#-trl&- #aya 'olg" Dumped rock fill................................'ö#&e #aya 'olg" Foot wall.............................................to("# '"var arth dam...........................................to(ra# baraj

+atertight core..................................ge$)r)&!)z $e#)r'e# +atertight diaphram.........................ge$)r)&!)z (er'e Retaining wall....................................)!t)nat 'ayan&a/ '"var &ard ground......................................!a%la& ze&)n )mpervious ground...........................ge$)r)&!)z ze&)n %rout curtain.....................................enje#!)yon har$la&a/ (er'e!)

,ver!urden.......................................!yrla,a# #at&an Bedrock.............................................yerl) #aya

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D)STR)BUT), of +'TR RS,URCS

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In T"r#ey0 123 large 'a&! have been b")lt an'be)ng o(erate'. On the other han'0 S&all4y'ra"l), 5or#! De(art&ent ha! b")lt 67 !&all'a&!.

4ere0 18 !torage fa,)l)t)e! that are not ,on!)'ere'a! 'a& '"e to the)r lo9 he)ght! :;1&/ an' lo9!torage ,a(at,)t)e! :7 h&2/ have not been ta#en

)nto a,,o"nt.

<y no90 ,on!tr",t)on of ;88 'a&! an'hy'roele,tr), (o9er(lant! )! go)ng on.

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Def)n)t)on A 'a& )! a !tr",t"re 9h),h (revent! the flo9

of 9ater an' a,,"&"late! )t )n a re!ervo)r

.araka$a Dam/Di$ar!ak0r 'tat1rk Dam/2anl0urfa

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Nee'! for Da& =on!tr",t)on

;. Dr)n#)ng an' 'o&e!t), 9ater !"((ly

7. >loo' ,ontrol

2. Irr)gat)on

6. In'"!tr)al 9ater !"((ly

1. 4y'roele,tr), energy (ro'",t)on

3. Retent)on an' ,ontrol of !e')&ent!

an' Inlan' nav)gat)on0 I&(rove&ent of 9ater ?"al)ty0>)!h >ar&)ng0 Re,reat)on fa,)l)t)e!

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BREAKDOWN by PURPOSE of DAMS in EUROPE

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=LASSI>I=ATION O>

DAMS

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'CC,RD)% to the S)3 of the D'(

1. Large (Big) dam

2. Small dam

Internat)onal =o&&)!)on on Large Da&!0 I=OLD/ a!!"&e! a 'a&a! b)g 9hen )t! he)ght )! b)gger than ;1&.

If the he)ght of the 'a& )! bet9een ;8& an' ;1& an' &at,he! thefollo9)ng ,r)ter)a0 then I=OLD a,,e(t! the 'a& a! b)g@

If the ,re!t length )! b)gger than 188& If the re!ervo)r ,a(a,)ty )! larger than ; &)ll)on &2

If the floo' ')!,harge )! &ore than 7888 &2! If there are !o&e ')ff),"lt)e! )n the ,on!tr",t)on of fo"n'at)on

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'CC,RD)% to &)%&T of D'(

High Dam or Large Dam If the he)ght of the 'a& )! b)gger than ;88&

Medium Dam If the he)ght of the 'a& )! bet9een 18& an' ;88&

Low Dam or Small Dam If the he)ght of the 'a& )! lo9er than 18&

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'CC,RD)% to the ST'T)C'L DS)% of

D'( B,D4

Grav)ty Da&! Saryar0 B"b"# I0 Ce&er0 Sr II

Cara,aören II/

Ar,h Da&! Gö#$e#aya0 Cara#aya0

Oy&a(nar0 Gezen'e/

<"tre!! Da&! El&al II/

E&ban#&ent Da&! Atat*r#0 Seyhan0 A!lanta-/ =o&(o!)te Da&! Ceban/

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GRAITY DAMS

Grav)ty Da&! "!e the)r tr)ang"lar !ha(e an' the !heer

9e)ght of the)r ro,# an' ,on,rete !tr",t"re to hol' ba,#

the 9ater )n the re!ervo)r.

Sar0$ar Dam 5 Sakar$a River6

&eight7 89 m

Reservoir Capacit$7 :;8 !illion m<

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AR=4 DAMS

Ar,h Da&! "t)l)ze the !trength of an ar,h to ')!(la,e the

loa' of 9ater beh)n' )t onto the ro,# 9all! that )t )! b")lt

)nto.

.araka$a Dam 5 F0rat River6

&eight7 :=< m

Reservoir Capacit$7 8>? !illion m<

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<TRESS DAMS

<"ttre!! Da&! "!e &"lt)(le re)nfor,e' ,ol"&n! to

!"((ort a 'a& that ha! a relat)vely th)n !tr",t"re.

<e,a"!e of th)!0 the!e 'a&! often "!e half a! &",h

,on,rete a! grav)ty 'a&!

lmal0 )) 5 %@ksu River6

&eight7 A;? m

Reservoir Capacit$7 :9 million m<

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EM<ANCMENT DAMS

Ro,# >)ll or Earth >)ll Da&!/

They are &o!tly ,o&(o!e' of nat"ral &ater)al! !",h

a!0 ,lay0 !an'0 gravel et,...

I&(erv)o"! ,ore )! (la,e' )n the &)''le of the

e&ban#&ent bo'y

Generally r)(ra( )! "!e' to ,ontrol ero!)on

'tat1rk Dam 5 F0rat River6&eight7 :8 m6

Reservoir Capacit$7 A>= !illion m<

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=OMFOSITE DAMS =o&(o!)te 'a&! are ,o&b)nat)on! of one or &ore 'a&

ty(e!. Mo!t often a large !e,t)on of a 'a& 9)ll be e)ther

an e&ban#&ent or grav)ty 'a&0 9)th the !e,t)on

re!(on!)ble for (o9er generat)on be)ng a b"ttre!! or

ar,h.

.e!an Dam 5 F0rat River6

&eight7 :< m6Reservoir Capacit$7 <: !illion m<

%ravit$ E Rock Fill

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%)R)% %,L,%)C'L

STUD)S for D'(

C,STRUCT),

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;. RE=ONNAISSAN=E STDY

;. Eval"at)on of the 'ata hav)ng at ar,h)ve! of MTA0 DSI0 EIE0n)ver!)t)e!0......et,

7. >)el' )nve!t)gat)on for l)&)te' t)&e Re,onna)!!an,e St"'y/

2. So&e &a(! )n !&all !,ale0 for ea&(le ;71.888 or ;18.888

6. So&e hy'ra"l), 'ata abo"ta. <a!)n

b. Fre,)()tat)on area

,. R"noff0 &a)&"& ')!,harge HJRt &2!/K

'. Mo'"l"! of R"noff Rt&7 Rt#&7/

1. So&e a((roa,h to the re!ervo)r area0 'a& !)te an' ty(e of 'a&an' he)ght of 'a&...et,

3. Fhotogeolog),al !t"')e!

. A (rel)&)nary re(ort

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7. FRELIMINARY STDIES at the

RESEROIR AREA an' DAM SITE

;. Da& !)te )nve!t)gat)on!;. Lo,at)on of 'a& a)!

7. Lo,at)on of ')ver!)on t"nnel

2. Lo,at)on of !()ll9ay

6. Lo,at)on of (o9erho"!e...et,

7. Geolog),al !t"')e!

2. Geo(hy!),al !"rvey)ng

6. n'ergro"n' )nve!t)gat)on!;. <orehole!

7. Inve!t)gat)on galler)e!2. F)thole!

1. S"rvey)ng for &ater)al!;. >)el' !"rvey)ng

7. Laboratory te!t!

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3. Slo(e !tab)l)ty )nve!t)gat)on!

. Earth?"a#e hazar' r)!# analy!)!

. Env)ron&ental !t"')e!

P. Lea#age (o!!)b)l)t)e! fro& re!ervo)r area

;8. Lea#age (o!!)b)l)t)e! fro& 'a& !)te

;;. Ero!)on0 !e')&entat)on !)ltat)on

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DETAILED INESTIGATION at DAM SITE

;. To(ogra(h), !"rvey)ng!

7. Geolog),al &a(()ng!;1888 + ;;888 or ;188

2. n'ergro"n' e(lorat)on!<orehole!0 a')t!....et,

6. 4y'rogeolog),al !t"')e!

1. Slo(e !tab)l)ty analy!)!

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>A=TORS A>>E=TING to the DAM TYFE

SELE=TION

To(ogra(hy Geology

<ear)ng ,a(a,)ty of the "n'erly)ng !o)l >o"n'at)on !ettle&ent! Fer&eab)l)ty of the fo"n'at)on !o)l

Mater)al ava)lab)l)ty S()ll9ay (o!)t)on Earth?"a#e!

Safety 4e)ght Ae!thet), v)e9 "al)f)e' labo"r =o!t

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>A=TORS A>>E=TING to the FLA=E of the

DAM AQIS

To(ogra(hy Geology Mater)al! S()ll9ay lo,at)on ava)lab)l)ty Der)vat)on Se')&ent! )n the flo9)ng 9ater 5ater ?"al)ty

E(ro(r)at)on ,o!t! Earth?"a#e (o!!)b)l)ty Do9n!trea& 9ater r)ght!

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RIER <ASINS )n TRCEYTurke$ has !een separated into main river !asins for the

h$drological studies;

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ENIRONMENTAL

IMFA=TS O> DAMS

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ENIRONMENTAL IMFA=TS of

=ONSTR=TION F4ASE of DAMS

R)ver (oll"t)on

Ero!)on

Lo!! of ae!thet), v)e9

A)r (oll"t)on

No)!e (oll"t)on D"!t

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ENIRONMENTAL IMFA=TS of

RESEROIRS

Lo!! of lan' 4ab)tat De!tr",t)on @

The area that )! ,overe' by the re!ervo)r )! 'e!troye'0 #)ll)ng9hatever hab)tat e)!te' there beforehan'.

Lo!! of ar,heolog),al an' h)!tror),al (la,e! Lo!! of &)neral 'e(o!)t! Lo!! of !(e,)al geolog),al for&at)on! Ae!thet), v)e9 re'",t)on Se')&entat)on =hange )n r)ver flo9 reg)&e an' floo' effe,t! Re!ervo)r )n'",e' !e)!&),)ty =hange )n ,l)&ate an' (lant !(e,)e!

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E>>E=TS of DAMS to 5ATER ALITY

=hange )n te&(erat"re

T"rb)')ty

D)!!olve' ga!e! )n the 9ater 5ater ')!,harge' fro& the !()ll9ay ,onta)n! ;;8;78

!at"rate' n)trogen. Th)! a&o"nt &ay be 'e!tr",t)ve for f)!h

l)fe.

E"tro(h),at)on It &ean! )n,rea!e )n vegetat)on. If &o!! an' other (lant!

e)!t )n 9ater0 ?"al)ty of that 9ater get! 9or!e.

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SOME DAMS fro& SFA=E

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DAMS1(1)

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