DAMS AND PROJECTS IN ANDHRA PRADESH

DAMS ANDPROJECTS IN ANDHRA PRADESHBY PRASHANTH REDDY AND SUMANTH

1Why do we build Dams?2Dams are important because they provide water for domestic, industry and irrigation purposes.

Dams often also provide hydroelectric power production and river navigation. Domestic use includes everyday activities such as water for drinking, cooking, bathing, washing, and lawn and garden watering.

Dams and their reservoirs provide recreation areas for fishing and boating. They help people by reducing or preventing floods.

During times of excess water flow, dams store water in the reservoir; then they release water during times of low flow, when natural flows are inadequate to meet water demand. When engineers design and maintain dams, they consider all these purposes

3Before going to the discussion onDAMS AND PROJECTS IN ANDHRA PRADESHLet us discuss about ENGINEERS DAY in india.

Engineer's Day is observed in India on September 15 in honour of Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya who was born on the day in 1860.

He was the chief designer of the flood protection system designed and built for the city of Hyderabad, as well as the chief engineer responsible for the construction of the Krishna Raja Sagara dam in Mysore which created the largest reservoir in Asia at that time.

He also designed and patented a system of automatic weir water floodgates that were first installed in 1903 at the Khadakvasla Reservoir near Pune

4These gates were employed to raise the flood supply level of storage in the reservoir to the highest level likely to be attained by a flood without causing any damage to the dam.

Based on the success of these gates, the same system was replicated at the Tigra Dam project in Gwalior and the Krishna Raja Sagara project in Karnataka.

Not only these he had constructed many dams and reservoirs , on behalf of his service to india . engineers day was celebrated.

5DAMS AND PROJECTS IN ANDHRA PRADESHList of dams and reservoirs in Andhra Pradesh

1.Dowleswaram Barrageon theGodavari Riverin theEast Godavari district.2.Penna Reservoiron the penna river in nellore dist3.Joorala Reservoiron theKrishna RiverinMahbubnagar district4.Nagarjuna Sagar Damon theKrishna Riverin theNalgondaandGuntur district5.Osman Sagar Reservoiron theMusi RiverinHyderabad6.Nizam Sagar Reservoiron theManjira Riverin theNizamabad district7.Prakasham Barrageon theKrishna River8.Sriram Sagar Reservoiron theGodavari RiverbetweenAdilabadandNizamabaddistricts9.Srisailam Damon theKrishna RiverinKurnool district10.Rajolibanda Dam

611.Telugu Ganga12.Polavaram ProjectonGodavari River13.Koil Sagar, a Dam in Mahbubnagar district on Godavari river14.Lower Manair Reservoiron the canal ofSriram Sagar Project(SRSP) inKarimnagar district15.Himayath Sagar, reservoir inHyderabad16.Dindi Reservoir17.SomasilainMahbubnagar district18.Kandaleru Dam19.GandipalemReservoir20.Tatipudi Reservoir21.Icchampally Projecton theriver Godavariand an inter state projectAndhra pradesh, Maharastra, Chattisghad22.Pulichintalaon theriver KrishnainNalgonda district23.Ellammpalli24.Singur Dam25.Dummagudem26.Sunkesula27.Musi Reservoir

728.Pothireddypadu Reservoirnear kund29.Ramagundam Damon theriver GodavariinKarimnagar District30.Pranahita Chevellaon theriver GodavariinAdilabad District31.Jeri Dam32.Brmham sagar33.Polavaram Project34.Handri-Neeva35.Mylavaram Dam36.PABR Dam37.MPR Dam

THE MOST IMPORTANT AMONG THEM ARE :SRI SAILAM DAM

NAGARJUNA SAGAR DAM

JURALA PROJECT

DOWALESWARAM BARRAGE

PRAKASAM BARRAGE

89SRI SAILAM DAMTheSrisailam Damis adamconstructed across theKrishna RiveratSrisailamin theKurnool districtin the state ofAndhra PradeshinIndiaand is the2ndlargest capacityhydroelectricproject in the country. The dam was constructed in a deep gorge in theNallamala Hills, 300m (980ft) above sea level. It is 512m (1,680ft) long, 145m (476ft) high and has12 radialcrest gates. It has a reservoir of 800km2(310sqmi). The left bank power station houses6 150MW reversibleFrancis-pump turbines(forpumped-storage) and the right bank contains7 110 MWFrancis-turbine generators.

10Project history

The Srisailam project began in 1960, initially as a power project, across the Krishna, near Srisailam in Andhra Pradesh. After several delays, the main dam was finally completed twenty years later in 1981. In the meantime the project was converted into a multipurpose facility with a generating capacity of770 MWby its second stage which was expected to be completed in 1987. The dam is to provide water for an estimated 2,000km2(770sqmi) with its catchment area of 206,040 km2(79,552sqmi) and water spread of 1,595km2(616sqmi). Under the right branch canal 790km2(310sqmi) in Kurnool and Kaddapa districts will have assured irrigation. From the initial modest estimate ofRs.384.7 millionfor a power project the total cost of the multipurpose project was estimated to crossRs.10 billionin its enlarged form. The 143m (469ft) high and 512m (1,680ft) wide dam has alone costRs.4.04 billiontogether with the installation of four generating sets of110 MWeach. The right branch canal is estimated to costRs.4.49 billionand the initial investment ofRs.1.4 billionhas been provided by the World Bank. The projected cost-benefit ratio of the project has been worked out at 1:1.91 at 10% interest on capital outlay. On 2 October 2009, Srisailam dam experienced a record inflow which threatened the dam.11

12NAGARJUNA SAGAR PROJECTLocation of Nagarjuna Sagar DamOfficial name Nagarjuna Sagar DamLocationGuntur District,Nalgonda district,Pradesh, IndiaCoordinates163432N791842ECoordinates: 163432N791842EConstructionbegan10 December 1955Openingdate1960Constructioncost1300 crore rupeesDam and spillwaysHeight124 metres (407ft) from river levelLength1,450 metres (4,757ft)ImpoundsKrishna RiverReservoirCreatesNagarjuna Sagar ReservoirCapacity11,560,000,000 m3(9,371,845acreft)Active capacity5,440,000,000 m3(4,410,280acreft)[1]Catchmentarea215000 km (83012 sq mi)Surfacearea285km2(110sqmi)13Salient dataCatchment Area: 215000km (83012 sq mi)

Locationof dam: Nalgonda(District)

ReservoirWater spread area at FRL of dam: 285km2Masonry damSpillwayof dam: 471 mNon-over flow dam: 979 mLength of Masonry dam: 1450 mMaximum height: 125 mEarth damTotal Length of Earth dam: 3414 mMaximum height: 128 mPower GenerationPower Units: 1 No. conventional (110 MW capacity), 7 nos Reversible (100 MW capacity)Canal Power HouseRight side: 3 units 30 MW (each)Left side: 2 units 30 MW (each)14 The construction duration of the dam was between the years of 1955 and 1967. The dam created a water reservoir whose capacity is 11,472 million cubic meters. The dam is 490ft (150m). Tall and 1.6km long with 26 gates which are 42ft (13m). Wide and 45ft (14m). Tall.Nagarjuna Sagar was the earliest in the series of large infrastructure projects initiated for theGreen Revolution in India; it also is one of the earliest multi-purpose irrigation and hydro-electric projects in India. The dam provides irrigation water to theNalgonda District,Prakasam District,Khammam District,Krishna DistrictandGunturDistrictand electric power to the national grid. The proposal to construct a dam to use the excess waters of the Krishna river was sketched out by theBritishEngineers in 1903 on the supervision of Hyderabad Nizams. The perseverance of theRaja of Muktyalapaved way for the site identification, design and construction of the dam. Nagarjuna Sagar was the earliest in the series of "modern temples" taken up to usher in theIndia.Project construction was officially inaugurated by Prime MinisterJawaharlal Nehru, on 10 December 1955, and proceeded for the next twelve years.The reservoir water was released into the left and right bank canals by Prime Minister,Indira Gandhiin 1967.Construction of thehydropowerplant followed, with generation increasing between 1978 and 1985, as additional units came into service. The construction of the dam submerged an ancient Buddhist settlement,Nagarjuna konda, which was the capital of theIkshvaku dynastyin the 1st and 2nd centuries, the successors of theSatavahanasin the Eastern Deccan

15 Excavations here had yielded 30 Buddhist monasteries The right canal (a.k.a. Jawahar canal) is 203km long and irrigates 1.113 million acres (4,500km) of land. The left canal (a.k.a. Lalbahadur Shastri canal) is 295km long and irrigates 0.32 million acres (800km) of land in Nalgonda and Khammam districts of Telangana region. Thehydroelectric planthas a power generation capacity of 815.6 MW with 8 units (1x110 MW+7x100.8 MW). First unit was commissioned on 7 March 1978 and 8th unit on 24 December 1985. The right canal plant has a power generation capacity of 90 MW with 3 units of 30 MW each. The left canal plant has a power generation capacity of 60 MW with 2 units of 30 MW each.

16Dowleswaram Barrage:

TheDowleswaram Barrage(Telugu: ) is an irrigation structure which is built on the last stretch of theGodavari Riverbefore it empties into theBay of Bengal. It was built by a British irrigation engineer,Sir Arthur Thomas Cotton. Cotton Museum is constructed on behalf of Sir Cotton's memory. It has been a tourist attraction in Rajahmundry. The Godavari River empties its water into the Bay of Bengal after flowing a few miles from the Dowleswaram Barrage. Sir Arthur Thomas Cotton, a British irrigation engineer, constructed the Dowleswaram Barrage. The village of Dowleshwaram is at a distance of eight kilometres downstream ofRajahmundry.The river is divided into two streams; the Gautami to the left and the Vasistha to the right, forms the dividing line between the West Godavari and the East Godavari districts. The Dowleswaram Barrage is 15 feet high and 3.5 km wide. Its construction was completed in the 1850. Adjoining two mid-stream islands, the barrage is constructed in four sections. The Godavari crossed the first warning level of 43 feet at Bhadrachalam on 21st august evening and poised to surpass the second warning level of 48 feet by 22nd august morning with all its tributaries in spate due to incessant rains in the upper reaches of the river.

17The authorities sounded a flood alert and activated the official machinery to deal with any exigency. According to official sources, the flood level in Bhadrachalam was expected to rise steeply; it was likely to touch the third warning level of 53 feet if the heavy rains continued upstream. Nearly 30 villages, including 25 in Wajedu mandal, remained cut off from the outside world as Cheekuvagu and Kongalavagu continued to flow over low-level causeways. Heavy rains wreaked havoc in R. Kothagudem village in Charla mandal where several huts collapsed under the impact of strong gales and heavy downpour. Dowleswaram barrage during floods

18Prakasam BarrageThe impressive construction ofPrakasam Barrageis 1223.5m long, Road Bridge and modern regulator that was built in the year 1957.This bridge is placed over the Krishna River. The panoramic lake of thePrakasam Barrage and the 3 canals givesVijayawadaan Italian feeling. This idea of building a barrage over the Krishna River was escorted sometime in 1798.But the project saw light in the year 1839 and this Barrage was again revised in the year 1841.The construction of this barrage was approved by the East India Company in the year 1850 and construction of the barrage was started in the year 1852 and was completed in the year 1855.Later it was reconstructed and named after the 1st chief minister of Andhra Pradesh Sri Tanguturi Prakasam. The overall journey of the river is of 720km in the state of Andhra Pradesh. An evening walk by the barrage is the best way to rejuvenate you from the stress. 19Project NamePrakasam BarrageLatitude (decimal degrees)15.667Longitude (decimal degrees)81.517VillageVijayawadaMandal/TalukVijayawadaDistrictKrishnaStateAndhra PradeshRiver/StreamKrishnaSub-basinLower KrishnaCatchment Area (km2)251,251Purpose of ProjectConstruction TypeConcreteDam Height (m)4.27Dam Length (m)1223.5mNo. of Gates72Full Reservoir Level (FRL in Meters)-Gross Storage Capacity (MCM)8,697Live Storage Capacity (MCM)6,488Power Generation Capacity-Irrigable Area (ha)529,69120

The serene breeze that comes from the sanctified waters of River Krishna freshens up evening strollers and tourists.

TheBuckingham Canalis a 421.55 kilometres (261.9mi) longfresh water navigationcanal, running parallel to theCoromandel CoastofSouth IndiafromVijayawadainAndhra PradeshtoVillupuram DistrictinTamil Nadu.21

Thank you From Prasanth Reddy and Sumanth