damental Physics
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Transcript of damental Physics
damental PhysicsDr. Michael CookeDr. David Schmitz
Fermilab
Newton’s Laws of Motion
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1. Objects in motion want to stay in motion and objects at rest want to stay at rest
2. Forces change motion:Force = mass × acceleration
3. Forces come in equal and opposite pairs
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Inertia∝mass
Gravity is a Fundamental Force!Gravity changes the way things move, so it
must cause a forceHelp us explore the force of gravity!doesn’t move
moves slowly
moves faster
moves fastest
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Gravity ∝mass
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Inertia∝mass
Physics works EVERYWHERE
All moving objects have energy!We call it kinetic energy
Energy takes many forms, and can be stored as potential energy
Energy can transform between types!
Energy
MomentumAll moving objects have momentum!
Momentum = mass × velocity (or )
Momentum has a directionMomentum can transfer between
objects!
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ConservationIn a closed system, the
total energy and the totalmomentum are conserved!
Help us think about:Energy transformationMomentum transferEnergy & momentum
conservation
Laws of Spin?
Physics in the Olympics!
Spin and Angular MomentumA spinning bike wheel likes to stay vertical
It has a lot of angular momentumTrying to tip it makes it twist instead!If you twist it, it twists you back!
ChargeWhat is charge?
How do they act?
“Stuck” charges are called static electricityWhere have YOU seen charge?
Help us explore charge!
Particle Physics 101Our particle beam starts
with ionized hydrogen (H–) being moved by a huge amount of static electricity!
ElectricityElectricity is moving charge!Can you help us make electricity?
Where is the energy to make the electricity coming from?
MagnetismWhat is a magnet and how does it act?
Let’s test out some magnets!
Magnets & Moving ChargesHow do we control the particles in our
accelerator?The same way you do with YOUR accelerator
at home!
Our Magnets Make a Circle…
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Electricity & Magnetism?Moving magnets can make electricity…Moving charges can make a magnet…What if they both happen together?
Maxwell, Einstein and Beyond!
Imagine a changing electric field that induces a changing magnetic field that induces a changing …Yes, this can and DOES happen and we call it
light!The funny thing is, light always travels at
299,792,458 meters per second…Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity
explains what happens in a world where everyone always sees light moving at the same speed
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E=MC2! Energy Conservation! Momentum Conservation!
Making Something NewWhy “High Energy” physics?
Energy can be transformed, but it also must be conserved
E=mc2 lets us make new forms of matter, but only up to the limit of our beam energy!
Detecting ParticlesWe use energy and momentum
conservation to figure out what happened inside our detectorsSome particles (neutrinos!) can’t be seen in
our detectors…but we can still tell they were there! MINERnA
The FUNdamentals!Newton’s Laws of MotionEnergyMomentumThe Laws of SpinChargeElectricityMagnetismE=mc2
Particle Physics!
Thanks for coming to the Fermilab Open House!If you have any questions about any of our FUNdamental topics, ask away!We will also be available to answer questions between sessions!
Dr. Michael Cooke <[email protected]> Dr. David Schmitz <[email protected]>Fermilab