Damage SurveyTraining

Chad EntremontNWS Jackson

Viewing Damage• Be aware of all damage (trees, structures,

small objects etc)• Know which direction damage was blown

with respect to storm motion• Have an idea of how sturdy the structure /

object was• Cover / cross all roads along the possible

path

Tornado• Debris blown in different directions

from storm motion• Debris converges to the center• Look for focused damage along a path• Look for damage opposite of storm

motion (shingles on E side of roof dmg from a W to E moving tornado)

• Trees may lay perpendicular to storm motion

Severe Tstm• Damage is blown in 1 direction, the

way the storm is moving• Hardwoods tend to be uprooted• Pines snapped• Shingle damage on 1 side of roof• Usually wider and disorganized, not

in a focused path• Usually become wider with time

TornadoStorm Motion

EF Scale• EF0 – (light dmg) branches broken off

trees; a few shallow rooted trees uprooted; minor shingle or roof dmg

• EF1 – (mod dmg) peeled surface off or portions of roof heavily dmg; mobile homes pushed off foundation/overturned; several to a couple dozen trees snapped/uprooted; attached garages may be destroyed

• EF2 – (Considerable dmg) roofs torn off homes; mobile homes demolished; numerous to hundreds of trees snapped/uprooted; multi story homes shifted; chicken houses severely dmg or destroyed; light object missiles generated

EF Scale• EF3 – (severe dmg) roofs torn off well

build structures with outer walls collapsed; vehicles lifted and thrown; metal truss towers toppled; massive tree dmg with nearly all trees in the forest dmg with some hardwoods debarked

• EF4 – (devastating dmg) well built structures leveled; weak foundation buildings blown away some distance; vehicles thrown considerable distance and missiles generated

• EF5 – (total dmg) foundations left clean with all debris thrown considerable distances; steel reinforced concrete structures badly damaged

EF1 Damage

EF2 Damage

EF2 Damage

Destroyed Mobile Home

EF3 Damage

EF4 Damage

EF5 Damage