DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN - UNECE · 2014-03-05 · DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN Jürgen...
Transcript of DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN - UNECE · 2014-03-05 · DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN Jürgen...
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DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT
IN SPAIN
Jürgen Fleitz
General Manager OFITECO
Member of the Spanish Committee on Large Dams and
Vice chairman of ICOLD Technical Committee on Dam Surveillance
REGIONAL COOPERATION MEETING
DAM SAFETY IN CENTRAL ASIA
Almaty, Kazakhstan
November, 20th 2013
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DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN
1. Introduction. Water in Spain
2. Large Dams in Spain
3. Dam Safety Legislation
4. Guidelines on Dam Safety
5. Dam Safety Management
6. Conclusions
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1. INTRODUCTION . WATER IN SPAIN
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1. INTRODUCTION . WATER IN SPAIN
Highly irregular rainfall and river flow, both in time and
space.
Temporal variation is not only seasonal but also from year to
year.
Only an 8,3% of the renewable resources is available in
natural regime (9,19 km3/year).
That means that there are only 239 m3/person/year available
in natural regime.
Climate and hydrology
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1. INTRODUCTION . WATER IN SPAIN
Facts and Data on Water in Spain
Only
70l/day
Humid
Spain
Dry
Spain
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1. INTRODUCTION . WATER IN SPAIN
Spain has required, since ever, an enormous effort in water resources
planning.
Dams and reservoirs made it possible to increase the natural regulation
of only 8,3% up to 40 % of the water resources.
Facts and Data on Water in Spain
Natural resources Available without
regulation
Available with
regulation Reservoir capacity
112 km3 9,19 km3 46 km3 56 km3
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DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN
1. Introduction. Water in Spain
2. Large Dams in Spain
3. Dam Safety Legislation
4. Guidelines on Dam Safety
5. Dam Safety Management
6. Conclusions
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2. LARGE DAMS IN SPAIN
Dam construction in Spain has a long history of more than 2000 years,
starting in the Roman period.
Roman dams still
under operation
Proserpina
Cornalbo
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3 2 7 3 14
28 16
45 45 43
61
185
215 209
194
164
2 0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
0 - 100 101 -1500
1501 -1600
1601 -1700
1701 -1800
1801 -1900
1901 -1910
1911 -1920
1921 -1930
1931 -1940
1941 -1950
1951 -1960
1961 -1970
1971 -1980
1981 -1990
1991 -2000
2001 -2005
To
tal n
um
be
r o
f d
am
s b
uilt
Nu
mb
er
of
da
ms b
uilt
in
th
e p
erio
d
Year of termination
967 (80%)
dams built in
the period
1950 - 2000
2. LARGE DAMS IN SPAIN
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2. LARGE DAMS IN SPAIN
At present there are more than 1200 large dams under
operation:
1/3 aprox. are operated by the government
2/3 operated by private companies under temporal license
Irrigation demand for irrigation: 24,2 billion m3
Water supply demand: 4,3 billion m3
Industrial demand: 1,9 billion m3
Irrigated area: 3,7 million hectares (37.000 km3)
Benefits produced by Spanish Dams: ~ 30 billion €
(= 3% of GDP)
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DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN
1. Introduction. Water in Spain
2. Large Dams in Spain
3. Dam Safety Legislation
4. Guidelines on Dam Safety
5. Dam Safety Management
6. Conclusions
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3. DAM SAFETY LEGISLATION
1905 Spain adopts the first European standards related with dams:
“Instructions for developing reservoir projects”
1959 Failure of Vega de Tera buttresses dam killing 144 persons in
Ribadelago. This fact promoted:
The constitution of the Commission of Large Dams Regulations
Commitment: To develop new standards for dam projects
The creation of the National Service of Surveillance and Inspection
of Dams
Commitment: To survey safety of dams
1967 The “Instruction for the Project, Construction and Operation
of Large Dams” is adopted.
Legislation on Dam Safety: Historic Development
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3. DAM SAFETY LEGISLATION
Tous Dam failure in October 1982
Tous Dam after failure in 1982
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3. DAM SAFETY LEGISLATION
1982 The failure by overtopping of Tous Dam originated the starting of a
“Safety Program for Large Dams” that are state owned .
1992 The General Directorate of Hydraulic Works decided to prepare new standards for dam
safety, commending this task to the Commission of Large Dams Regulations.
1995 The “Directive on Civil Protection in the case of flood risk” was published, including
a section dedicated to emergency planning for the risk of failure or malfunctioning
of dams.
1996 The “Technical Regulation on Dams and Reservoirs Safety” was approved,
summarizing the works of the Commission of Large Dams Regulations and integrating the
requirements of the “Directive on Civil Protection in the case of flood risk.”
2008 A Royal Decree came into effect to establish common obligations and responsibilities for
all dam owners. The text mentions that dam safety management should be risk based.
Tous dam failure in 1982 originated a complete review of Dam
Safety regulations:
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DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN
1. Introduction. Water in Spain
2. Large Dams in Spain
3. Dam Safety Legislation
4. Guidelines on Dam Safety
5. Dam Safety Management
6. Conclusions
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SPANCOLD Technical Guidelines Year of Publication
Dam Safety 2005
Design criteria for dams and complementary works 2002
Geologic-geotechnical aspects and material studies 1999
Design Flow 1997
Spillways and Outlets 1997
Dam Construction and Quality Control 1999
Monitoring of dams and their foundations 2004
Operation and maintenance of dams: Vol. I: Risk
Analysis applied to dam safety management
2012
4. GUIDELINES ON DAM SAFETY
Guideline collection prepared by the Spanish Committee on Large Dams
(SPANCOLD):
http://www.spancold.es/Paginas/lista_publicaciones.asp?Categoria=Guias
Tecnicas
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4. GUIDELINES ON DAM SAFETY
Guideline collection prepared by SPANCOLD
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4. GUIDELINES ON DAM SAFETY
Guidelines by the General Directorate of Water
Spanish Ministry Technical Guidelines Year of Publication
Dam classification according to potential risk 1996
Elaboration of Emergency Action Plans 2001
Operation and Maintenance Draft version
Annual Report Draft version
Safety Review Draft version
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DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN
1. Introduction. Water in Spain
2. Large Dams in Spain
3. Dam Safety Legislation
4. Guidelines on Dam Safety
5. Dam Safety Management
6. Conclusions
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5. DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Main focus on risk potential in the downstream areas
of dams
Implementation of non-structural measures such as: Real time hydro meteorological information systems
Emergency action plans
Comprehensive Dam Safety Management Programs Detailed review of safety conditions of existing dams
Review and improvement of operation and maintenance procedures
On-going dam surveillance activities
Tous dam failure in 1982 originated a complete review of Dam
Safety regulations:
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Fundamental tools:
Real time early warning and flood forecast systems & DSS
Quantity and Quality
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Web-based tool for an integrated management of real time & on
site monitored data
Fundamental tools:
Dam monitoring and on-going safety assessment
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5. DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT
138 ICOLD Bulletin, 2008
Basic elements in a Dam Safety Process according to ICOLD:
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Constitution of Dam File containing all relevant documents
Detailed tasks and actions:
TECHNICAL FILE
5. DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT
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Constitution of Dam File containing all relevant documents
Potential Risk Classification
Detailed tasks and actions:
5. DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT
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Constitution of Dam File containing all relevant documents
Potential Risk Classification
Operation & Maintenance rules
Detailed tasks and actions:
PRESA DE AGUILAR DE CAMPÓO.
CAPACIDAD TOTAL DEL ALIVIADERO EN FUNCIÓN DE SU APERTURA
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
400.00
450.00
500.00
550.00
600.00
650.00
700.00
750.00
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Lámina de agua (m)
Ca
ud
al
(m³/
s)
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
2.20
2.40
2.60
Láminalibre
Altura mínima
Apertura
(m)
Caudales del río Turia tras su confluencia con el Tuejar para T=500 y T=100
años, variando el estado de humedad antecedentedel suelo.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102
108
114
Tiempo (h)
Cau
dal (m
3/s
)
T500SINEMBHUM
T500SINEMB
T500SINEMBSECA
T100SINEMBHUM
T100SINEMB
T100SINEMBSECA
5. DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT
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Constitution of Dam File containing all relevant
documents
Potential Risk Classification
Operating procedures
Emergency Action Plan
Detailed tasks and actions:
PROTOCOLO P.3
PROTOCOLO PARA ACTUACIÓN EN
SITUACIÓN DE AVENIDAS
Se recibe aviso de posible
avenida por parte de la C.H.J.
La C.H.J.
recibe aviso de posibleslluvias intensas
No hay aviso por parte de
la C.H.J., pero se detecta una subida anormal del embalse
ACTUACIONES
EN LA PRESA EN LA C.H.J.
1.- Comunicación con C.H.J.
2.- Intensif icación de los controles en la
presa y el embalse.3.- Preparación y comprobación de los
desagües.
4.- Se estará a la espera de las órdenes de
la C.H.J.
5.- Se realizará el seguimiento de la avenida
Con el formulario F.09
De confirmarse la situación de avenida,
deberá constituirse el Comité Permanente,
que deberá:1.- Obtener información para conocer la
Situación en la presa y aguas abajo.
2.- Determinar las actuaciones en la presa
3.- Determinar los preavisos y alarmas.
CAUDALES A EVACUAR:
Los caudales recomendados en función del caudal
de entrada y la cota de embalse se presentan en el
gráfico siguiente. No obstante, esta una posibilidad de las muchas
que se pueden utilizar para la actuación en caso
de avenida.
El Comité Permanente con el mayor conocimiento
de las características de la avenida y de la
situación aguas abajo, actuará en consecuencia.
PREAVISOS
PROTOCOLO P.1
Fallan las
comunicaciones?
PROTOCOLO P.6
SI
5. DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Action protocol
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Constitution of Dam File containing all relevant documents
Potential Risk Classification
Operating procedures
Emergency Action Plan
Inspection Reports
Detailed tasks and actions:
Galleries and foundations Dam and reservoir inspection Hydromecanical equipment
5. DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT
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Variación del coeficiente de seguridad
(Hipótesis A2. Pantalla eficaz)
1
1,1
1,2
1,3
1,4
1,5
1,6
1,7
1,8
1,9
2
520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540
Cota de embalse
Co
efic
ien
te d
e s
eg
uri
da
d
Fricción equivalente 44,24
Fricción equivalente 51.77
Hipótesis de proyecto Φ=36,87 sinconsiderar cohesiónCota N.M.N. (527,24)
Cota umbral aliviadero 2 (522,20)
Cota coronación (530,00)
FLAC (Version 3.40)
LEGEND
1-May- 2 19:58
step 125633
-6.111E+01 <x< 1.611E+02
-9.111E+01 <y< 1.311E+02
X-displacement contours
0.00E+00
2.50E-03
5.00E-03
7.50E-03
1.00E-02
1.25E-02
1.50E-02
1.75E-02
2.00E-02
Contour interval= 2.50E-03
Net Applied Forces
Max Vector = 1.606E+07
0 5E 7 -0.600
-0.200
0.200
0.600
1.000
(*10^2)
-0.400 0.000 0.400 0.800 1.200
(*10^2)
JOB TITLE :
U.D.OBPAS HYDRAULICAS
DIHMA, UPV
Constitution of Dam File containing all relevant
documents
Potential Risk Classification
Operating procedures
Emergency Action Plan
Inspection Reports
Safety Review
Detailed tasks and actions:
5. DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT
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Constitution of Dam File
Potential Risk Classification
Operating procedures
Emergency Action Plans
Inspection Reports
Safety Review
Annual Reports
Detailed tasks and actions:
5. DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT
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5. DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT
The dam engineering community agrees on the
importance to update and unify regulations and safety
requirements for both, state-owned and non state
dams.
Currently there is a clear trend towards a Risk-Based
Dam Safety Decision Process.
A dam safety law based on new technical regulations
and the risk analysis methodology is under
preparation.
Future trends
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5. DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Future trends: Overall holistic approach – on-going process
Periodic Safety Reevaluation:
- “TRADITIONAL” Safety Reviews
- RISK-BASED APPROACH
Source: G. Membrillera, 2011
Current Safety Profile
Routine Activities: - Monitoring & Surveillance
- Visual Inspections
- Operation & Maintenance
- Staff training, etc.
Organizational
Integration
Mid & Long-term Measures: - Structural / Non structural fixes
- Investigations & Studies
- Operation Optimization
- Budget & Phasing, etc.
Short-term Measures: - Trigger EAP
- Heightened surveillance
- Operating restriction, etc.
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DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN
1. Introduction. Water in Spain
2. Large Dams in Spain
3. Dam Safety Legislation
4. Guidelines on Dam Safety
5. Dam Safety Management
6. Conclusions
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6. CONCLUSIONS
Spain has more than 1200 large dams and therefore a strong tradition and technical
capability in this type of infrastructures and specifically in dam safety management.
Dam safety regulations are basic and fundamental to establish dam safety programs
aiming to reduce risk.
All type of dam safety regulations should consider not only technical aspects but also
available economical resources and technical capabilities of dam owners and
regulators.
Training and capacity building of all personnel involved is of crucial importance.
A modern Dam Safety Program should have a risk approach and is an on-going process.
Spanish organizations and institutions (e.g. General Directorate of Water belonging to the
Ministry of Agriculture and Environment and the Spanish Committee on Large Dams
SPANCOLD) are pleased to share the experience gathered over many years with other
countries (exchange and training programs).
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DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN
Thank you very much for your attention
Useful websites:
www.spancold.es
www.icold-cigb.org
www.damsafety.com