DAIRY HERD MANAGEMENTDAIRY HERD MANAGEMENT

Dr.Dr. AvijitAvijit DeyDeyB.V.ScB.V.Sc. & A.H., M.V. Sc. (NDRI), Ph.D. (IVRI). & A.H., M.V. Sc. (NDRI), Ph.D. (IVRI)

PURPOSE OF ANIMAL REARING

MILK

MEAT

HIDE

WOOL & HAIR

FUEL & FERTILIZER (COW DUNG)

TRANSPORTATION (BULLOCK CART)

PLOUGHING

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MILK

MEAT

HIDE

WOOL & HAIR

FUEL & FERTILIZER (COW DUNG)

TRANSPORTATION (BULLOCK CART)

PLOUGHING

Ploughing

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Transportation

4

Transportation of Milk

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Transportation

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ASPECTS OF LIVESOCK MANAGEMENT

BREEDING

FEEDING

WEEDING

HEEDING

BREEDING

FEEDING

WEEDING

HEEDING

BREEDING

FEEDING

WEEDING

HEEDING

BREEDING

FEEDING

WEEDING

HEEDINGHOUSINGHOUSING

HYGIENE & SANITATIONHYGIENE & SANITATION

CARE OF ANIMALSCARE OF ANIMALS

BREEDING

Selection of breed

Bred at proper age

Avoid haphazard breeding

Maintain record

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Selection of breed

Bred at proper age

Avoid haphazard breeding

Maintain record

BREEDING

9

FEEDINGSorghum /maize/pearl millet 30 kg

Rice bran/wheat bran 30 kg

Groundnut cake 25 kg

Toor chuni/ gram husk: 12 kg

Mineral mixture 2kg

Composition of concentrate mixture

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Common salt 1kg

Treatment of Straw

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Heeding (Culling)

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• Culled cow after 6th lactation• Disease; Mastitis, Brucellosis,• Injury; cut teats, damaged teats• Permanent disable cow; leg, feet• Major reproductive problems• Male calves at early age

HOUSING

HOUSING

Model Cattle Shed

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Mist Cooling System

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Covered area (m2) Open area(m2)

Bulls 12 120

Cows 3.5 7.0

Floor Space Requirement

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Cows 3.5 7.0

Down calvers 12.0 12.0

Young calvesupto 3 months

1.0 2.0

Older calves 2.0 4.0

Management of Heifer

Monitor growth Come to heat at 18 months of age Regular deworming Regular vaccination Feeding; extra 0.5-1.0kg concentrate given

form 6 month

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Monitor growth Come to heat at 18 months of age Regular deworming Regular vaccination Feeding; extra 0.5-1.0kg concentrate given

form 6 month

Age Determination

Time of eruption Incisors (lower jaw)

Birth – 1month All 8 temporary incisors

2yrs- 2.5 yrs 1st pair of permanent incisors

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2yrs- 2.5 yrs 1st pair of permanent incisors

3yrs- 3.5 yrs 2nd pair of permanent incisors

4yrs- 4.5 yrs 3rd pair of permanent incisors

5yrs- 5.5 yrs 4th pair of permanent incisors

Care of Pregnant Cow

Feeding; extra 0.5-1.0kg concentrate givenform 6 month

Method of Drying (stop milking) Incomplete milking Intermittent milking Complete cessation

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Feeding; extra 0.5-1.0kg concentrate givenform 6 month

Method of Drying (stop milking) Incomplete milking Intermittent milking Complete cessation

Care of advanced Pregnant Cow

Feeding; extra 1.0-1.5kg concentrate givenProvide mineral mixture

Provide green fodder Not chased by the dog, bull or other animals Do not allow to fight with other animals Bedding should be provided Slippery floor avoided Close watching of the animal

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Feeding; extra 1.0-1.5kg concentrate givenProvide mineral mixture

Provide green fodder Not chased by the dog, bull or other animals Do not allow to fight with other animals Bedding should be provided Slippery floor avoided Close watching of the animal

ParturitionParturition

ParturitionParturition

Management of New Born CalvesManagement of New Born Calves•Remove mucous from the calf's mouth and nose.

•Vigorously rub and dry the calf with warm towels.

•Feed the calf approx. 3 liters (3 quarts) of colostrumwithin 30 minutes of birth and continue 4 days.

•Naval cord- tied 2.5cm

•Alternate to colostrum; 2 eggs +30ml castor oil

•Protection from cold weather

•Remove mucous from the calf's mouth and nose.

•Vigorously rub and dry the calf with warm towels.

•Feed the calf approx. 3 liters (3 quarts) of colostrumwithin 30 minutes of birth and continue 4 days.

•Naval cord- tied 2.5cm

•Alternate to colostrum; 2 eggs +30ml castor oil

•Protection from cold weather

Management of New Born CalvesManagement of New Born Calves

Management of New Born CalvesManagement of New Born CalvesColostrum Feeding

FEEDING OF CALFFEEDING OF CALF

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Common Diseases of CalvesCommon Diseases of Calves

•Diarrhoea

•Pneumonia

•Joint ill

•Round worm infection

•Diarrhoea

•Pneumonia

•Joint ill

•Round worm infection

Management of CalvesManagement of Calves•Removal of extra teat

•Dehorning (3-10days) ; Costic potash stick/hot ironrod

•Regular deworming (piperazine, albendazole),grooming

•Record keeping

•Removal of supernumerary teats

•Removal of extra teat

•Dehorning (3-10days) ; Costic potash stick/hot ironrod

•Regular deworming (piperazine, albendazole),grooming

•Record keeping

•Removal of supernumerary teats

CASTRATIONYounger age (about 2 yrs of age)

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Vaccination ScheduleVaccination Schedule

Disease Vaccine Dose(mL)

Repeat Time ofvaccination

FMD Raksha-OVAC 2 I/M 6 months

HS & BQ AlumPrecipitatedVaccine

5 S/C I yr Before rainyseason

3131

HS & BQ AlumPrecipitatedVaccine

5 S/C I yr Before rainyseason

Anthrax Spore Vaccine 1 S/C 1 yr Before rainyseason

NEWLY CALVED COWPlacenta should be expelled 2-8 hours aftercalving.Animal should not consume placentaChance of milk feverCleaning of back side of the animalsMilking regularlyCheck for possible prolapseUdder checkedNutrition

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Placenta should be expelled 2-8 hours aftercalving.Animal should not consume placentaChance of milk feverCleaning of back side of the animalsMilking regularlyCheck for possible prolapseUdder checkedNutrition

Milk FeverMilk Fever

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Reproduction ManagementReproduction ManagementHeat detection

Artificial Insemination

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Pregnancy Diagnosis

Heat Detection

RestlessnessAppetite depressedBellowingRise of body temperatureMucus discharge from vaginaMounting other animalsDepressed milk yieldFrequent urination

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RestlessnessAppetite depressedBellowingRise of body temperatureMucus discharge from vaginaMounting other animalsDepressed milk yieldFrequent urination

Artificial Insemination (AI)

Why do AI?When do AI?

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Why do AI?When do AI?

Pregnancy Diagnosis

Cessation of estrus

Tendency to grow fat

Increase body weight

Tendency to consume more feed

Sign of pregnancy

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Cessation of estrus

Tendency to grow fat

Increase body weight

Tendency to consume more feed

Symptoms of pregnancyPer-rectal examination

Restrain of Animal

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Disposal of Manure

Alnutt’s Manure pit 4.5 quintals manure/m3

Manure transferred to the field twice a year

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3 m2

2.5 m

Milking ManagementMilking ManagementMilking ManagementMilking Management

PRINCIPLE OF MILK SYNTHESIS

MILKING OF ANIMALS

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•STRIPPING

•KNUCKLING

•FULL HAND MILKING

Machine Milking

Machine Milking

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