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DAILY NEWS DIARY 04.06.2020 DAILY NEWS DIARY 24.09.2020
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DAILY NEWS DIARY of
24.09.2020
For Prelims & Mains
DAILY NEWS DIARY 24.09.2020 DAILY NEWS DIARY 24.09.2020
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Warm Greetings.
DnD aims to provide every day news analysis in
sync with the UPSC pattern.
It is targeted at UPSC – Prelims & Mains.
Daily articles are provided in the form of
Question and Answers
To have a bank of mains questions.
And interesting to read.
Providing precise information that can
be carried straight to the exam, rather
than over dumping.
Enjoy reading.
THE HINDU - TH
INDIAN EXPRESS - IE
BUSINESS LINE - BL
ECONOMIC TIMES - ET
TIMES OF INDIA - TOI
INDEX
Essay Paper
Editorial
1. Problematic content abounds in the digital space........................03 GS 2
Social Justice
1. Is the ‘Industrial Relations Code, 2020’ anti-worker?………..……....06
2. Status of the ‘Right to Education Project’ as surveyed
by the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG)……………………..…….07
GS 3
Security
1. The rafale deal.........................................................................08
Snippets
GS 2
International Relations
1. G4 and the steps taken by them to further the cause of
UN reforms ……………………………………………………………………………..…10
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Essay Paper
Editorial
Q – With Problematic content abounds in the digital space, what
are the regulatory steps taken and to be taken by India to counter
balance them?
INTRO = The Government has, in recent days, signalled that more
rules to tackle the problems of unlawful content and harm-causing
disinformation in the digital media space are in the offing.
Recently, in an affidavit filed in the case involving Sudarshan TV,
responding to the Supreme Court’s call for suggestions to improve the
self-regulatory mechanism for electronic media, the Centre said that
the regulation of web-based digital media is the need of the hour,
instead. Without any checks, it told the Court, digital media can spread
“venomous hatred”, terror and violence.
As a result, the Minister of State for Electronics and IT Sanjay Dhotre
said in a written reply to the Lok Sabha that his ministry is working to
amend the Information Technology (Intermediaries Guidelines)
Rules, 2011, to make intermediaries more responsive and
accountable.
It is difficult to disagree with the view that the Internet is a space
where finding truthful facts can be often challenging, and that
polarising opinions, hate speech, and disinformation abound. Many
lives have been lost to such disinformation-fuelled violence in India in
recent years. But it is also difficult to agree with the view that more
rules are an answer to an age-old problem, only, now amplified by
technology-based platforms. That more regulation will solve this is a
fanciful idea –
1) For one, the laws to tackle incendiary content and hate speech that
fuels violence are already in place
2) What is seen lacking is a will to uniformly apply these rules,
irrespective of political affiliations.
3) The flip side is that the net is a place where there is a free sharing of
information and ideas. So, the question worth asking is if it is possible
to ever regulate the Internet without throttling it, like China has
done.
4) The fear that bringing more rules is a euphemism for censorship
cannot be brushed away.
These questions are all the more important because there has been a
wave of investments in the digital news media space in recent years.
A large number of these media sites and magazines pursue legitimate
journalism initiatives, which not only have the proper mechanisms to
deliver quality but also operate with a high degree of accountability.
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Way Forward
Attempts at making new rules for intermediaries such as
Google and Facebook need to be well thought-out and
measured. Earlier attempts at imposing a high degree of
liability on them for content posted on their platforms have not
survived legal scrutiny, with Section 79(1) of the IT Act, 2000, giving
them some immunity in this regard. An intervention that is light and
well considered is what will work.
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GS 2
Social Justice
Q – Explain how is the recently passed ‘Industrial Relations Code,
2020’ anti-worker?
BACKGROUND = Central trade unions, including the RSS-affiliated
Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS), have said the three labour codes
passed by Parliament are anti-worker, with the BMS saying the
Industrial Relations (IR) Code could “adversely affect industrial
peace”. As –
1) None of the objections raised by it and other trade unions as well as
the pro-worker recommendations of the Parliamentary Standing
Committee on Labour were taken on board.
2) It is further tilted in favour of the employers and bureaucrats; and
the last-minute mutilations will adversely affect industrial peace.
3) Important changes to labour laws were made without discussion,
which was a violation of the International Labour Organization’s 144
convention ratified by India.
4) Among the changes he mentioned was exempting companies with
up to 300 workers from standing orders, increasing it from the
current law of 100. This would allow companies with up to 300
workers flexibility to hire and fire. These codes, now passed, will
throw more than 74% of the industrial workers and 70% of
industrial establishments in ‘hire and fire regime’ at the will of the
employers; even formation of a trade union will be difficult.
5) Responding to concern that the Industrial Relations Code had
imposed a 14-day notice period for strikes, Mr. Gangwar said: “The
government has not taken away the workers’ right to strike.” The
notice period gave the two parties a chance to resolve the dispute.
6) There is a clear attempt to diminish the role of trade unions. The
danger of bureaucrats replacing Parliament is very much apparent
in the IR Code, which may lead to constitutional issues
The government stated that the labour laws were needed for the
welfare of workers and promotion of industries, where –
50 crore workers of the organised and unorganised sectors as well as
the self-employed were covered under minimum wage and social
security laws.
Platform and gig workers were covered under the Social Security
Code as well, giving the government the power to formulate social
security schemes for them.
Social Justice
Q – Describe the status of the ‘Right to Education Project’ as
surveyed by the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG)?
BACKGROUND = The Swachh Vidyalaya Abhiyan was launched by the
Human Resource Development Ministry in September 2014 to meet
the Right to Education Act’s mandate that all schools must have
separate toilets for boys and girls. Lack of dedicated funds, poor
maintenance and poor water availability in toilets were identified as
major challenges, and central public sector enterprises (CPSEs) were
roped in to bridge the gap over a one-year period.
1) Public sector units claimed to have constructed 1.4 lakh toilets in
government schools, but almost 40% of those surveyed by the
Comptroller and Auditor-General were found to be non-existent,
partially constructed, or unused.
2) The CAG said over 70% did not have running water facilities in the
toilets, while 75% were not being maintained hygienically.
3) There are 10.8 lakh government schools in the country. Overall, more
than 1.4 lakh toilets were built by 53 CPSEs, with significant support
coming from power, coal and oil companies.
4) The CAG audit conducted a physical survey of a sample of 2,695
toilets built by these companies in 15 States. Out of that sample,
CPSEs identified but did not construct 83. Another 200 toilets were
reported to be constructed, but were non-existent, while 86 toilets
were only partially constructed.
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5) Another 691 toilets “were found not in use mainly due to lack of running water, lack of cleaning arrangements, damages to the toilets and other reasons like use of toilets for other purposes, toilets locked up, etc,” said the audit report.
6) Thus, almost 40% of toilets were non-existent, partially completed or unused.
7) Out of the 1,967 coeducational schools surveyed, 99 schools had no functional toilets while 436 had only one functional toilet, meaning that the objective of providing separate toilets for boys and girls was not fulfilled in 27% of the schools.
GS 3
Security
Q – In the rafale deal, what are the various offset commitments
made by the foreign vendors to qualify for the main supply
contract but later were not earnest about fulfilling them?
BACKGROUND = French aerospace major Dassault Aviation and
European missile maker MBDA have till date “not confirmed” the
transfer of technology for the indigenous development of engine for
the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) by the Defence Research and
Development Organisation (DRDO), under the offset contract
relating to the ₹60,000 crore deal for 36 Rafale fighter jets, the
Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) said.
The report on offset clauses in defence deals observed that in
October 2019, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) informed that the
vendor had not yet been able to confirm their capability for doing
the requisite upgradation.
“Thus, it is not clear if this technology transfer will take place, and
there is need for MoD/DRDO to identify and acquire the right
technologies in order to comply with the directions of Defence
Acquisition Council (DAC) given in September 2016”.
In September 2015, Dassault Aviation and MBDA initially proposed
to discharge 30% of their offset obligation in the Rafale deal by
offering high technology to the DRDO, and as per the contract,
acquisition of technology by the DRDO is envisaged, subject to discussions between the vendor and the DRDO.
The 6 Technologies - In April 2016, the DRDO identified six new technologies to be obtained from the firms under the offset obligations, but the vendors “did not agree on transfer of five technologies as most of them were not within the vendor’s core competence”. The sixth proposal of the DRDO was to obtain technical assistance for the indigenous development of an engine (Kaveri) for the LCA, which also has not been confirmed so far.
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Snippets
GS 2
International Relations Q – What countries constitutes the G4 and list the steps taken by them to further the cause of UN reforms?
The Group of 4 — India, Brazil, Japan and Germany — a group that
is seeking permanent membership of the UN Security Council
(UNSC), met virtually recently to further their objective. The four
countries stressed delivering concrete outcomes, in writing and
within a time frame.
a) They called for a decisive push for UNSC reforms during #UN75.
b) Unanimous call for text-based negotiations in a fixed time frame.
c) Reformed Multilateralism guides India’s approach to the United
Nations
The Ministers reaffirmed their common resolve to “finally take
decisive steps towards the early and comprehensive reform of the
Security Council that was envisaged by Heads of State and
Government in the 2005 World Summit”.
India, which, in January, will commence a two-year non-
permanent term on the UNSC, has long sought a permanent seat
at the Council and is a proponent of other UNSC reforms — such
as increasing the number of permanent (currently five) and non-
permanent (currently 10) seats and ensuring greater
representation for Africa. Africa needs to be represented in both
the permanent and non-permanent categories of membership of a
reformed and expanded Security Council to correct the historical
injustice against this continent with regard to its under-
representation in the Security Council.
How about this today!? Identify which from the following list of legislations have NOT BEEN PASSED by the Parliament in its monsoon session of 2020? 1. The Bilateral Netting of Qualified Financial Contracts Bill,
2020. 2. The Appropriation (No.3) Bill, 2020; and the Appropriation
(No.4) Bill, 2020. 3. The Foreign Contribution Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 4. The Code on Social Security, 2020
a. 1 only b. 1, 2 c. 1, 2, 4 only d. None of the above
Hey from yesterday….
Consider the following –
1. Reduction in the Market Development Fee by half 2. Offered higher MSP for the upcoming rabi crops 3. Reduction in the Rural Development Fee by one fourth 4. Established state level APMC mandis to procure all the rice, to
sell it to international platform To provide a level playing field for basmati rice traders and millers from within and outside Punjab, especially in the light of the provisions of the new agriculture Bills, which of the above measures are announced by the Punjab government?
a. 1 only b. 1, 2, 3 c. 1, 3 only d. All of the above
Answer: a NOTE: To provide a level playing field for basmati rice traders and
millers from within and outside Punjab, especially in the light of
the provisions of the new agriculture Bills, the Punjab government
announced reduction in the Market Development Fee and the
Rural Development Fee rates from 2% to 1% each.
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