DAC Center at NSLS

Q. Z. Guo (X17B3)Jingzhu Hu (X17C)

Z. X. Liu (U2A)R. J. Hemley (IR spokesperson)H. K. Mao (Xray spokesperson)

Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington

COnsortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences

IR

X-RAY

U2A

X17BX17C

DAC Center at NSLS

X17B3 beam line•On-line laser-heating•Cryogenic conditions•EDXD•ADXD•Microbeam < 10 microns•100 days/year beam time

X17C beam line•EDXD•ADXD•<10 microns white beam•Sagittal Laue focusing mono •200 days/year beam time

U2A beam line•Cryogenic conditions•Diffraction limited IR microscopy•On-line Raman•200 days/year beam time

On-site laboratory•Ruby P-calibration•Portable on-line Raman•Sample prep•Cryogenic gas loading•Supporting all HP beamlines

Capabilities

X17 Superconducting Wiggler White Beam Flux

10000 1000 100 10 1108

109

1010

1011

1012

1013

1014

1015

1016

1017

1018

1019

2000K Black Body

U4IR

NSLS U2B Mk.2 40 mrads hor40 mrads vert.

NSLS U2B 12 mrads hor8 mrads vert.

Phot

ons/s

ec/0

.1%

bw/m

m2 sr

Wavelength (microns)

ALS Superbend

NSLS X17

HPCAT BM 2002

HPCAT BM 2005

HPCAT ID 2002

HPCAT ID 2005IR Brilliance

X-RayBrilliance

Xray Spectroscopy

Time Resolved XRD

Xray Diffraction Amorphous

Single-crystal XRD

NSLS has a very bright

future in the next decade

•Dedicated high-pressure XRD beamline•Dedicated high-pressure IR beamline•Integration of XRD and laser-heating high P-T •Double-sided laser heating•Resistive heating and XRD above 100 GPa-1000 K•Integration of HP XRD, IR, on-line Raman at cryogenic T•Side diffraction for HP elasticity tensor and rheology•Single crystal diffraction above 20 GPa (to 60 GPa)•XRD of nanometer-size single crystal•XRD of amorphous structure at high P•Pressure calibration based on volume and elasticity

Firsts

•Dedicated high-pressure XRD beamlines•Dedicated high-pressure IR beamline•Integration of XRD, IR, on-line Raman at HP, Hi-Lo T•Axial XRD for EOS and phase transition studies•Radial XRD for HP elasticity tensor and rheology•Micrometer to nanometer mineralogy with single-xl XRD•Brightest high-energy white x-ray in the U.S.•500 day/yr beam time for COMPRES •Lowest cost (needs $1200/day b.t.), 1/4 of other facilities•Most productive HP geoscience facility in the world

Unique & Routine Operations

But unsustainable at the current funding of $660/day b.t.

Xie et al, GCA 2002

Chen et al, PNAS 2003

New mineral, Tuite, in shocked meteoriteTwo new minerals, HP forms of chromite, discovered in shocked meteorite & synthesized in DAC

Thin chromite (presumed) precipitates in olivine from garnet peridotite.

Green, PNAS 2003

Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and meteorite impact metamorphism

New Lunar Mineral, HapkiteAnand et al, PNAS 2004

Rapid growth of superhard single-crystal Diamond by Homoepitaxial CVD method[Yan, et al, 2004]

1 6 .2 m m

CVD homoepitaxial growth

1 .6 m m

seed

1 0 .7 m m

9 °

B

G

B

2 .8 m mA

1 2 .1 m mH

XRD, IR, Raman, and laser heating with 10 carat moissanite anivl cell[Xu, et al, 2004]

CVD diamond anvils reaching 230 GPa[Mao, et al, 2004]

Big MAC and CVD DAC

- ANOMALOUS TRANSITIONS

IN ICE VIII

100 200 300 400 500

6.51

4.71

2.08

0.14

1.48

2.83

4.12

6.18

7.98 GPa

D2O 85 K

Abso

rban

ce (a

rb. u

nit)

Wavenumber (cm-1) 0 2 4 6 8150

200

250

300

350

400

450D

2O 85K

decompression

compression

Wav

enum

ber (

cm-1

)

Pressure (GPa)

Pressure dependence of IR translational and rotational mode frequencies in D2O No transition

[Klug et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2004 submitted]

A WEALTH OF FINDINGS:A WEALTH OF FINDINGS: HP IR studies

?

HP IR study of Amphibole

Group from Dip. Scienze della Terra, Università di Chieti, Chieti Scalo (2004)

3600 3700 3800 3900

Na(Li0.8

Na0.2

Mg)Mg5Si

8O

22(OH)

2

20.8 GPa

18.315.613.512.310.89.48

7.946.665.813.942.931.671.000.33

1 atm

0.2

Ab

sorb

ance

Wavenumber (cm-1)

Unpublished work, do not circulate

HP hydrogen bond symmetrization in methane clathrate

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

2700

2800

2900

3000

3100

3200

3300

3400

3500

3600

3700

3800

solid symbols 10 Kopen symbols 300 K

Methane-III Clathrate Hydrate (98.3% D

2O + 1.7 % H

2O)

Wav

enu

mb

er (

cm-1)

Pressure (GPa)

2500 3000 3500 4000

10 K

3.59

5.73

8.58

13.2

16.3

19.2

22.124.6

29.5 GPa

Methane-III Clathrate Hydrate (98.3% D

2O + 1.7 % H

2O)

0.5

Ab

sorb

ance

Wavenumber (cm-1)

Klug et al June 2004; unpublished work, do not circulate

Original PRT MembersEarl Skelton- -- NRL

Dave Schiferl -- LANLJagan Akella -- LLNLPaul McMillan -- ASU

Funding SourcesNSF-EARNSF-DMRDOE-DPDOE-BES

NASANavy

Carnegie

Beamline DevelopmentTom Duffy

Guoyin ShenYanzhang Ma

Maddury SomayazuluMichael Hanfland

Ming Li

Technical HelpLarry CarrPeter Eng

Larry FingerAlexander Goncharov

Gwyn Williams Yan Wu

Mark RiversUsers

Acknowledgments