D2.4 Technical, Legal and Scientific Feasibility of an Online Course for Primary Care Staff
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D2.4Technical,legalandscientificfeasibility
ofanonlinecourseforprimarycarestaff
TELLMETransparentcommunicationinEpidemics:LearningLessonsfromexperience,deliveringeffectiveMessages,providingEvidence.
Project cofunded by theEuropean Commissionwithin the7th FrameworkProgrammeHEALTHtheme
1stReportingperiod
WP2Newchallengesandnewmethodsforoutbreak
communication
ResponsiblePartner:Zadig
Contributingpartners:CSSC,UEMO
Duedateofthedeliverable:M11(January2013)
Actualsubmissiondate:M10(December21th2012)
Disseminationlevel:PU
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TELLMEprojectGA:278723
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D2.4Studyoffeasibilityofanonlinecourseforprimarycarestaff
Task:2.4
Leader:ZADIGOthercontributors:CSSC,UEMO
Allrightsreserved2012TELLMEProject
http://www.tellmeproject.eu
PROJECTFULLTITLE Transparent communication in Epidemics: Learning Lessons from
experience,deliveringeffectiveMessages,providingEvidence.
PROJECTACRONYM TELLME
CollaborativeProjectfundedunderThemeHEALTH.2011.2.3.33
Developmentofanevidencebasedbehaviouralandcommunication
packagetorespondtomajorepidemicsoutbreaks
GRANTAGREEMENT 278723
STARTINGDATE 01/02/2012
DURATION 36months
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TableofContents
EXECUTIVESUMMARY....................................................................................................................................................................4
1. Legal................................................................................................................................................................................................5
1.1Introductionandbackground..........................................................................................................................................5
1.2Conclusions............................................................................................................................................................................38
2. Technical....................................................................................................................................................................................40
2.1Introductionandbackground.......................................................................................................................................40
2.2Conclusions............................................................................................................................................................................55
3. Scientific.....................................................................................................................................................................................57
3.1Introductionandbackground.......................................................................................................................................57
3.2Conclusions............................................................................................................................................................................64
4. References.................................................................................................................................................................................66
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EXECUTIVESUMMARY
TheaimofTellMeProjectistodevelopanElearningtoolforhealthworkerstorapidlydisseminate
informationincaseofapandemicsituation.
Toachievethisgoalhasbeenmadearesearchonthreelevels:
Legal:collectinformationabouttheContinuingMedicalEducation(CME)systeminthe27EuropeanUnioncountries;
Technical:identifythebestopensourceLMSsystemforthedevelopmentofaprototypeofElearningthatcouldbeimplementedacrossall27countriesoftheEuropeanUnion;
Scientific:identifythebesttrainingapproachtodelivertohealthworkersofallthe27countriesoftheEuropeanUniontheinformationnecessarytocoordinateatimelyresponsetoacriticevent
(pandemic).
Theresultsofthefirstpartofresearch(Legal)suggestthatitcouldbepossibletodevelopaprotocolofE
learning,suchastheTellMeProject,thatcouldbeconsistentlyappliedindifferentcountries.Mostof
EuropeanUnioncountrieshaveCMEsystemswithsimilaraccreditationsystems,recognizedistance
learningandhavemutuallyrecognizedcreditsbecausetheybelongtoacommonsystem(UEMS).Theresultsofthesecondpartoftheresearch(Technical)showthatMoodleseemstobetheopensource
LMSplatformthatbestmeetstheTellMeProjectrequirementsforthefollowingreasons:
Userfriendly Manualsareavailableinallofficiallanguagesofthe27EuropeanUnioncountries Availabilityofmaterialtosupporttheuseofthesystem(tutorials,guidelinedocumentsandforum
discussions)
Largeandactivecommunityofusersanddevelopersassistingwithproblemresolution(e.g.,bugs),platformapplicationsandhelpingtoidentifystrengthsandweaknessesofthesystem
Availabilityofnumerousfunctions,pluginsandmodulestocustomizethesystem.Theseexpandthefunctionalityandenhancetheadaptivecapabilityoftheplatformtoanytechnicaland/orcultural
requirementsofthe27EuropeanUnioncountriesinvolvedinTellMeproject.
Adoptedinlargescaletrainingprogramsasitcansupportahighnumberofendusers.ThisfeatureisdirectlyrelatedtotheaimsoftheTellMeProjectasitenablesarapidandwidespreaddisseminationof
theinformationacrossthe27EuropeanUnioncountries.
Theresultsofthelastpartoftheresearch(Scientific)supporttheadoptionofacasebasedelearning
approachintheTellMeprojectasitallows1)torapidlyandeffectivelydisseminateandupdatecritical
informationnecessarytoefficientlyreacttoinfectiousdiseaseemergenciesinEurope,and2)topromote
activelearningandskillacquisitionbyusingclinicalcasestorecreateauthenticandrealisticclinicallearning
scenarios,whichultimatelyenableaneffectivetransferofthetheoreticalknowledgeintopracticalproblem
solving.
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1. Legal1.1Introductionandbackground
WeconductedasurveytocollectinformationabouttheContinuingMedicalEducation(CME)systeminthe
27EuropeanUnioncountries.TheMinistryofHealth'swebsiteandCMEnationalwebsiteforeachcountry
wereexamined.Inaddition,InternetsearcheswereconductedusingtheGooglebrowserwiththefollowing
acronyms,keywordsandphrases:CME,CPD,continuingmedicaleducation,continuingprofessional
development,accreditationandnameofthecountry.Internetsearcheswereconductedinthe
countriesnativelanguageandweretranslatedusingtheGoogleTranslatetool.
FromeachcountrysHealthActsthemostdetailedinformationaboutregulationoftheCMEsystemwas
taken.
FerencHajnalfromtheEuropeanUnionofGeneralPractioners(UEMO)wascontactedforfurtherinputand
additionalinformationonUK,Denmark,Hungary,Germany,Malta,CzechRepublic,France,Slovakiaand
Poland.Thisdatahavebeenintegratedintothefinalreport.
Keypeoplewerecontacteddirectlyforcountrieswheretherewasinsufficientinformationontheirwebsite
orfromtheInternetsearch.Addresseswerefoundonwebsites.Anemailrequestforinformationwassent
torepresentativesfrom12countries(tworequestssenttwoweeksapart)including:Denmark,Bulgaria,
Cyprus,Estonia,Finland,Greece,Hungary,Latvia,Luxemburg,Malta,PortugalandSweden.
Atable(seebelow)wasdesignedtocollectrelevantinformationincluding:
DetailsoftheInformationCollected
Country EUMemberState
PresenceofCMESystem Presence/absenceofaCMEsystem(date)
CMEcompulsory Mandatory/optionalCMEsystem(date)
CMEsystemrequirements OrganizationandrequirementsoftheCMEsystem
CMEcredits(unit) Measurementofcredits
RecognisedtypesofCME
activities
RecognisedtypesofCMEactivitiessuchasElearning
CMEtarget Targetofthecontinuingeducationprogramme(e.g.,doctors,nurses)
ParticipationintheUEMS
EACCMEsystem
WhetherthesystemparticipatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
NameofthecompetentCME
authority
DetailsoftheCMEauthority
Website Weblink
Nomenclature
UEMS
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TheEuropeanUnionofMedicalSpecialists(UnionEuropennedesMdecinsSpcialistesUEMS)isanon
governmentalorganisationrepresentingnationalassociationsofmedicalspecialistsintheEuropeanUnion
andassociatedcountries.
EACCME
TheEuropeanUnionofMedicalSpecialists(UEMS)setuptheEuropeanAccreditationCouncilfor
ContinuingMedicalEducation(EACCME)inordertoharmoniseandimprovethequalityofspecialist
medicalcareinEuropebystructuringandfacilitatingthemutualrecognitionofaccreditationofCME/CPD
activitiesthroughtheawardingofEuropeanCMEcredits(ECMECs)toindividualmedicalspecialists.
CME
Continuingmedicaleducation(CME)canbedefinedaseducationalactivitiesthatservetomaintain,
developorincreasetheknowledge,skillsandprofessionalperformanceandrelationshipsthataphysician
usestoprovideservicesforpatients,thepublicortheprofession.Allcontinuingeducationalactivitiesthat
assistphysiciansinundertakingtheirprofessionalresponsibilitiesmoreeffectivelyandefficientlyare
consideredasfallingintothescopeofthisdefinition.
CPD
ContinuingProfessionalDevelopment(CPD)istheeducativemeansofupdating,developingandenhancing
howphysiciansapplytheknowledge,skillsandattitudesrequiredintheirworkinglives.CPDratherthan
CMEisthepreferredterm,asphysiciansmayperformmanyrolesthatindirectlyaffectthequalityof
healthcare,suchasteaching,researchandmanagement.
CMECreditSystem,typeofactivities:
External
Externalcreditsmaybeearnedbyattendanceatcourses,conferences,lectures,scientificmeetingsor
workshopswherethecoursehaspriorassessmentofcontentandrelevancebytherelevantNational
authority(s).
Internal
Internalcreditsmaybeawardedforhospitalandlocallybasededucationalactivitiesincludingteaching,
audit,andpublishedmaterialaswellasselfdirectedlearning(e.g.,distancelearning).
Reading
Specialistsshouldspendonaveragetwoormorehoursaweekreadingauthoritativemedicalliterature.
ThisisexpectedinadditiontoCMEcreditrequirements.
Asummaryofalltheinformationcollectedaboutthe27EuropeanUnioncountriesislistedbelow.
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Country Austria1
PresenceofCME Yes,since1995
CMEcompulsory Yes,since2001
CMEsystem 150CMEcreditseverythreeyears:
Ofthese150CMEcredits,aminimumof120havetobeacquiredthroughclinicalCPD
and
up
to
30
credits
may
be
acquired
through
non
clinical
CPD
CPDprovidedinahospitalsettingorbydoctorsemployedbythesamelegalentityshallnotexceedtwothirdsofcredits
Creditscollectedbeyond150creditsduringthreeyearsarenotcreditabletothenextcollectionperiod
ClinicalCPDcoversexclusivelycertifiedCPDactivitiesinthemedicalfield,basedonthedisciplinesofthecurriculumoftheAustrianMedicalUniversities
NonclinicalCPDdoesnothavetobepurelypatientorientedandcaninclude:coursesinmedicalEnglish,ataxseminarforpracticeowners,amedicallawseminar
andanyotheractivitieswithinthescopeofCPD
CMEcredits(unit) OneCMEcreditisawardedperCPDactivityof45minutes(withoutbreaksand
interruptions);maximum10CMEcreditsperday
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Elearningisallowedandincludesinteractivearticles,onlinecoursesand
interactiveonlineCPD.ThistypeofCPDhastocomplywiththegeneralcriteria
forCPDandansweringquestionsprovidesevidenceofparticipation.Correct
answeringofaminimumoftwothirdsofquestionsisnecessaryforearningDFP
pointsbyElearningandprofessionalreading.
AllCPDeventswherethemedicaldoctorispresentinperson(forexample,
lectures,journalclubs,courses,symposia,workshops,congresses,seminarsor
Balintgroups)andwhicharenotclassifiableasanyothertypeofCPDactivity
mentionedlater,areconsidered(formal)events.
Otherrecognisedactivitiesinclude: Qualitycircles(usuallyundertheleadershipofamoderator) Scientificactivities:Publicationsinpeerreview,medicaljournals Supervisions:Aspecialformofmid andlongtermcounsellingofteamsand
organisationsaimedatenhancingprofessionalizationofworkwithcustomers,clients,
patients,teammembers,contractingpartiesordifferentmanagementlevels
Traineeship:IstheparticipationinapracticalCPDeventinvolvingmedicalactivitiesinanintra and/orextramuralinstitutionorpracticeandcomprisesconclusive
discussion,analysisandappraisalofthedoctorsparticipation
Professional(directed)readingCMEtarget Licenseddoctors,generalmedicalpractitionersandspecialistsofallspecialisations
Participationinthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem.TheEuropeanCMEcredits(ECMEC)
recognisedbytheEACCME(EuropeanAccreditation CouncilforContinuingMedical
Education)oftheUEMS(UnionEuropennedesMdecinsSpcialistes)arerecognisedto
thesameextentasDFP(DiplomFortbildungsProgrammeoftheAustrianacademyof
physicians)credits
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
Arztakademie(AustrianMedicalChamber)
1CPD(continuingprofessionaldevelopment)Regulations(2010).http://www.arztakademie.at.AccessedApril,2012
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Website http://www.arztakademie.at
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Country Belgium2
PresenceofCME Yes,since1994
CMEcompulsory No,voluntary.InordertoencouragedoctorstotakepartinCPDthereexistsafinancially
beneficialsystemofCPDaccreditation
CMEsystem 60 CMEcreditseverythreeyears,atleast20CMEcreditsperyear.Physiciansaregenerally
free
to
choose
which
CME
activities
they
participate
in.
However,
there
are
twoactivitieswhichmustbeundertakeneachyearinordertogainaccreditation:
AtleastthreecreditsperyearbytakingpartinsomeformofCMErelatedtoethicsandeconomics
Atleasttwolocalmedicalevaluationgroupmeetingsperyear(peerreviews),forwhichtheymustgainatleasttwocredits
CMEcredits(unit) OneCMEcreditpointisawardedperhour(formostactivities)
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
In2005theInstitutebeganaccreditingCMEElearningmodulesfordoctors,
whichincludespecialtyspecificmodules.ElearningCMEisworthonecredit
pointperhouranddoctorsmustreceiveindividualfeedbackontheirElearning
performancefromtheElearningprovider.
Otherrecognisedactivitiesinclude:
Workshops Regionalseminars Nationalsymposia Internationalcongresses Didacticpublications Staffmeetingsinahospital Scientificpresentations(courses,abstracts,posters) Actingasamoderator(ofaCMEactivity)
CMEtarget Allmedicaldoctors
ParticipationintheUEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem.TheInstitutehasautomaticallyrecognisedaccreditedEACCMEeventssinceJanuary2007andinthesameyearchangeditssystem
ofCMEcreditstoalignitselfwiththeEACCME
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
INAMI/RIZIV(InstitutNationaldAssuranceMaladieInvalidit)
Website http://www.inami.fgov.be
2InstitutNationaldAssuranceMaladieInvalidit.http://www.inami.fgov.be.AccessedApril,2012
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Country Bulgaria3,4
PresenceofCME Yes,since2005
CMEcompulsory Yes,since2005
CMEsystem 150CMEcreditseverythreeyears,atleast50CMEcreditsperyear
CMEcredits(unit) OneCMEcreditpointisawardedperhour(1hourminimum=45minutes)
Recognisedtypes
of
CMEactivityForms
of
continuous
medical
education
through
distance
learning
are
accepted.
Onepointisawardedforoneacademichour:60pointsforthreeyears
(maximum).
Otherrecognisedactivitiesinclude:
Lectures Congresses,symposiums,national/internationalconferences Formsofcontinuousmedicaleducationsuchaspracticalexercisesorindividual
trainingcourses
Trainingwithmedicalliteraturesuchasscientificmedicalmagazines,textbooksandmonographs
Authorshipofareport,lecture,academicpublication(thethirdcoauthor),poster,reportofadversereactionsordocumentcertifiedbytheBulgarianMedical
Association(BDA)
CMEtarget Allmedicaldoctors
Participationinthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem.ThepointsaccreditedtoBulgariandoctors
throughparticipationinEACCMEaccreditedeventsarenotautomaticallyrecognizedby
theBulgarianMedicalAssociation
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
BulgarianMedicalAssociation
Website http://www.blsbg.com
3BulgarianMedicalAssociation.http://www.blsbg.com.AccessedApril,20124BulgarianMedicalAssociationCME/SDODepartment.E:[email protected]
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Country Cyprus5
PresenceofCME Yes,since2002
CMEcompulsory No,voluntary
CMEsystem 150CMEcreditseverythreeyears(fromwhich50%mustcomefromactivitiesrelatedto
the
doctors
specialty)
CMEcredits(unit) OneCMEcreditpointisawardedperhour
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Elearningisaccepted
CMEtarget Allmedicaldoctors
Participationinthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
CyprusMedicalAssociation,CMECommitteeofCyprusMedicalAssociation
Website http://www.cyma.org.cy
5CyprusMedicalAssociation.http://www.cyma.org.cy.AccessedApril,2012
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Country CzechRepublic6,7
PresenceofCME Yes,since1991
CMEcompulsory Yes,since2001
EachphysicianmemberoftheCzechMedicalChamber(CMC)hastheobligationto
participateinthesystemofcontinuoustraining
CMEsystem 120CMEcreditseveryfiveyears
CMEcredits(unit) OneCMEcreditpointisawardedperhour(1hour(minimum)=45minutes)
SixCMEcreditsperday(maximum)
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Elearningisaccepted.
Otherrecognisedactivitiesinclude:
EducationaleventsorganizedbytheCMC EducationaleventsorganizedbyotherorganisationsincollaborationwithCMC Educationaleventsorganizedbyrecognisedentities Clinicalpractice Publishingandlecturing:
Conferenceattendance(lectureorposter) Articleinajournalwithanimpactfactor Articleinaninternationalpeerreviewedjournal ArticleinaCzechreviewedjournal Contributioninproceedings(inaforeignlanguageorinCzech) Scientificmonograph Chapterinascientificmonograph Universitytextbook
StudyoftherelevantliteratureintegratedbyselfevaluationoflearningCMEtarget Allmedicaldoctors
Participationinthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
CMC
Website http://www.lkcr.cz
http://www.eclk.cz/(distancelearning)
6CzechMedicalChamber.http://www.lkcr.cz.AccessedApril,20127CzechMedicalChamberelearningsystem.http://www.eclk.cz.AccessedApril,2012
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Country Denmark8,9
PresenceofCME Yes
CMEcompulsory No,voluntary
CMEsystem 200CMEhourseveryfiveyears,atleast50CMEhoursperyear(recommendation).In
Denmarkgeneralpractitioners(GP)areorganisationallyandfinanciallyencouragedto
participate
in
CME
and
outreach
visits.
Each
GP
has
a
personal
account
that
may
cover
thecostofatleastthreefulldaysofCMEactivitiesayear(includingcompensationfor
lostearningsandcoursefees).GPsalsohavetheopportunitytoparticipateinlocally
financedCMEgroups,forwhichtheyarepaidasmallfee
CMEcredits(unit) OneCMEcreditpointisawardedperhour
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Elearningisaccepted
CMEtarget Allmedicaldoctors
Participationinthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
DanishMedicalAssociation
Website http://www.laeger.dk
8DanishMedicalAssociation.http://www.laeger.dk.AccessedApril,20129UEMS.(2008).Dentmark.http://www.ipcaa.org/assets/Denmark86423.pdf.RetrievedApril,2012
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Country Estonia10
PresenceofCME Yes
CMEcompulsory No
CMEsystem 300CMEcreditseveryfiveyears
CMEcredits
(unit)
One
CME
credit
point
isawarded
per
45
minutes
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Elearningisnotaccepted
CMEtarget Allmedicaldoctors
Participationinthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
EstonianMedicalAssociation
Website http://www.arstideliit.ee
10EstonianMedicalAssociation.http://www.arstideliit.ee.AccessedApril,2012
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Country Finland11,12
PresenceofCME Yes
CMEcompulsory No,voluntary
ByvirtueoftheirprofessionalactivitiesphysicianshavebotharighttoCMEandan
ethicalobligationtoparticipateinit
CMEsystem FinnishMedicalAssociation(FMA)recommendsthateverydoctorshouldhaveatleast
twoweekseachyearinexternalCME/CPDactivity.AccordingtosurveysbytheFMA,the
averageamountofexternalCMEforFinnishdoctorsisaroundeightdaysperyear.
Therequirementsandresponsibilitiesareasfollows: EachphysicianmusthavearighttoexternalprofessionalCMEforatleasttwoweeks
(10workingdays)peryear,attheexpenseofhisorheremployer.TheCMEmust
meetagreedqualitycriteria.InestablishingquantitativeminimaforCME,individual
practicerequirementsmustbetakenintoaccount
Physiciansshouldhavethepossibilityofkeepingupwithdevelopmentsintheireverydayfieldsofpractice
TheweeklyworkinghoursofaphysicianmustallowatleastfivehoursforonthejobtrainingandpersonalCME
PhysiciansmustdocumentandassesstheirCMEandlearningactivitiesCMEcredits(unit) ThereisntaCMEsystembasedoncredits
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Elearningisaccepted.
Otherrecognisedactivitiesinclude:
Trainingsessionsandliterature Participationintheevaluationofqualityprojects Groupdiscussions Writingarticles Consultationactivities Peerreview
CMEtarget Allmedicaldoctors(allspecializations)
Participationinthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
ProMedico
Website http://www.promedico.fi
11FinlexDataBank.http://www.finlex.fi.AccessedApril,201212FinnishMedicalAssociation.E:[email protected]
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Country France13
PresenceofCME Yes,since1996
CMEcompulsory Yes,since2009
CMEsystem 250CMEcreditseveryfiveyears
150
credits
in
two
categories
(categories
1to
3),
and
100
credits
in
category
4
1) Fieldtrainingwithtutoring2) Individualtraininganddistancelearning3) Situationprofessionaltrainers4) Evaluationofprofessionalpractices
Canaccumulateupto50creditspertypeofgroup(infiveyears) Apackageof100creditsisassignedtoeachdoctorwhohasmettheassessment
requirementundertheconditionssetbytheHighAuthorityHealth
CMEcredits(unit) OneCMEcreditpointisawardedperhour(1hour=4560minutes)
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
1) Fieldtrainingwithtutoring2) Individualtraininganddistancelearning.Thiscategoryincludesindividualtraining
anddistancelearningusinganymedium(physicalorelectronic)
3) SituationsprofessionaltrainersProfessionalsituationtrainersaredividedinto4groups:
Group1:includestheemployeesofNationalHealthService
Group2:includestheaccomplishmentofmissionsofgeneralinteresttotheservice
qualityandtheorganizationofcareandprevention,includingelectedoffice,aspart
oforganizedstructures
Group3:includesactivitiesandteacherparticipationinjuries,inthefieldofhealth
Group4:includesresearchandpersonalpublicationsinthefieldofhealth
4) Evaluationofprofessionalpractices(mandatoryforanyphysician)CMEtarget Medicaldoctors,dentistsandhospitalpharmacistsParticipationinthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
NationalCouncilsforContinuingMedicalEducation(CNFMC)
Website http://www.cnfmc.fr
13NationalCouncilsforContinuingMedicalEducation.http://www.cnfmc.fr.AccessedApril,2012
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Country Germany14
PresenceofCME Yes
CMEcompulsory Yes
CMEsystem 150CMEcreditseverythreeyears(withatleast50CMEcreditsperyear)or250CME
creditseveryfiveyears(withatleast50CMEcreditsperyear)
For
the
five
years
cycle:
150CMEcreditsmustbegainedintopicsspecifictothedoctorsspecialty,withtheother
100CMEcreditsfromtopicsoftheirchoice.Generalpractitionersandspecialistsworking
inambulatorycaredonothaveanyrestrictionsplacedontheCMEtopicstheycancover
CMEcredits(unit) OneCMEcreditpointisawardedperhour(1hour(minimum)=45minutes)
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Interactiveelearningeducation(printandonline)isaccepted(onepointper
exerciseunit)
Otherrecognisedactivitiesinclude:
Lectureanddiscussiongroups Congressattendance Activeparticipationforexampleataworkshop Selfstudyofscientificliterature Author/Referent Practicaltraining Curriculumbasedcontentincludingcurricularcontinuingeducationmeasures,
specialisttrainingcoursesprescribedforaspecialistqualificationunderthe
RegulationsSpecialistTrainingorsupplementarycoursesofstudy
CMEtarget Allmedicaldoctors
Participationinthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem.ECMECscreditsarerecognised
NameoftheCMEcompetentauthority
TheGermanMedicalAssociation(Bundesrtzekammer)Duetothesystemofsixteenstates(Lnder)inGermanythereareactuallyseventeen
(twoinoneofthelargeststates)primaryorganizationsinvolvedinoverseeingCME
Website http://www.bundesaerztekammer.de
14TheGermanMedicalAssociation.http://www.bundesaerztekammer.de.AccessedApril,2012
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Country Greece15
PresenceofCME Yes
CMEcompulsory No,voluntary
CMEsystem 100CMEhourseveryfiveyears
CMEcredits
(unit)
There
isnt
aCME
system
based
on
credits
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Emailandlongdistancelearningisnotcurrentlyreceivingaccreditation
CMEtarget Allmedicaldoctors
Participationinthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
ThePanhellenicMedicalAssociation(PHMA)
Website http://www.pis.gr
15UEMS(2007).Greece.http://www.ipcaa.org/assets/Greece77669.pdf.RetrievedApril,2012
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Country Hungary16
PresenceofCME Yes
CMEcompulsory Yes,since1999
CMEsystem 250CMEcreditseveryfiveyears,atleast50CMEcreditsperyear.
CMEcredits(unit) OneCMEcreditpointisawardedperhour
Recognisedtypes
of
CMEactivityDistance
learning
isallowed.
An
Elearning
program
must
include
at
least
three
questionsandhasamaximumof20CMEcreditsinayear.
Otherrecognisedactivitiesinclude:
Trainingcoursesorganizedoutsidetheworkplace(preclassified)includingapprovedcontinuingeducationcourses,lectureseriesorparticipationina
professionaleventsprogram(evaluatedonthebasisofduration)
Trainingcoursesorganizedattheworkplace Aprofessionalstudytour Publishingactivity:
Scientificpapersacceptedorpublishedinpeerreviewedjournals Articlesinajournalwithanimpactfactor Scientificconferenceattendanceincludingpresentationoraposter(in
Hungarian
oraforeignlanguage)
Participationinaninternationalornationalscientificconference PhDthesis PhDcandidate Scientifictextbook,includingcontributingtoachapter Chapterforauniversity,collegeorothereducationalmaterials
CMEtarget Medicaldoctors,dentists,pharmacistsandclinicalpsychologists
Participationinthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem.ECMECscreditsarerecognised
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
TheAssociationofHungarianMedicalSocietyMOTESZ
Website http://www.motesz.hu
16TheAssociationofHungarianMedicalSociety.http://www.motesz.hu.AccessedApril,2012
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Country Ireland17
PresenceofCME Yes,since1995
CMEcompulsory Yes,since2010
CMEsystem 250CMEcreditseveryfiveyears,withatleast50CMEcreditsrequiredperyear.A
common
framework
for
all
approved
Professional
Competence
Schemes
sets
requirementsthatparticipantsneedtomeetincluding:
External(maintenanceofknowledgeandskills):20creditsperyear(minimum),100creditsperfiveyearcycle(minimum)
Internal(practiceevaluation&development):20creditsperyear(minimum),100creditsperfiveyearcycle(minimum)
Personallearning(mayinvolvereadingjournals,preparationforgivinglecturesoronlinelearning):
Fivecreditsperyear(minimum),25creditsperfiveyearcycle(minimum)
Researchorteaching:Twocreditsperyear(desirable),10creditsperfiveyearcycle(desirable)
CMEcredits(unit) OneCMEcreditpointisawardedperhour
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Personallearningincludingjournalcontributionsandparticipatinginjournal
clubs.
Elearningisaccepted.
Otheracceptedactivitiesinclude:
External:International/nationalmeetings,college/societymeetings,coursesaccreditedbythetrainingbody,medicallyrelatedadvanceddegreesoronline
courses
Internal:Clinicalclubs,morbidityandmortalitymeetings,clinicalriskmeetings,casepresentations,chartreviews,grandrounds,multidisciplinarymeetingsorpeer
reviewgroups
Researchorteaching:Accreditedpostgraduatetrainer,lectures,examinerforpostgraduatetrainingbody,publishingarticles,posterpresentation,national
standardsdevelopmentorquestionsetting
CMEtarget Allmedicaldoctors(allspecialities)
Participationinthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystemanddoctorswhoattendinternational
conferencesareawardedcreditpoints
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
RoyalCollegeofPhysiciansofIreland
Website http://www.rcpi.ie
17RoyalCollegeofPhysiciansofIreland.http://www.rcpi.ie.AccessedApril,2012
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Country Italy18
PresenceofCME Yes,since2002
CMEcompulsory Yes,since2002
CMEsystem 150CMEcreditseverythreeyears,atleast50CMEcreditsperyear(minimum25,
maximum75)
CMEcredits(unit) OneCMEcreditpointisawardedperhour
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Selflearningwithouttutor(FAD)(includingjournalsanddistancelearning
programs(onecreditperhour))orselflearningwithtutor(FAD,1.5creditsper
hour).90CMEElearningcreditsinthreeyearsfornurses(maximum),nolimits
fortheotherhealthoperators
Otherrecognizedactivitiesinclude:
Residentialeducation:Congresses,conferences,courses,seminars,meetingsorsymposia
Interactiveresidentialeducation:Discussiongroups,roleplaysorclinicalcasediscussion
Individualtraining Improvementgroups:Commissionsorguidelines Research:Design,objectivesorstudygroupsfinalized Publishing
Journalwithanimpactfactor Journalwithoutanimpactfactor Bookormonography(chapter)
Clinicalaudit Teachingandtutoring:
Relations,teachingoraccreditedresidentialevents Tutoring Coordinationoftrainingactivities Tutoringforinternships
CMEtarget Allhealthprofessionals(notonlymedicaldoctors)
Participationinthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem.Creditsthathealthprofessionalsmay
acquireabroad(EUcountries,USAandCanada)arerecognizedwithavalueofCME
creditsequalto50%ofthoseassignedtotheevent
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
Agenas
Website http://www.agenas.it/
18NationalAgencyforRegionalHealthServices.http://www.agenas.it.AccessedApril,2012
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Country Latvia19
PresenceofCME Yes
CMEcompulsory Yes
CMEsystem 250CMEcreditseveryfiveyearswithatleast50CMEcreditsperyear
CMEcredits(unit) OneCMEcreditpointisawardedperhour
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Distancelearningprogramsareaccepted(onecreditperhour)
Otherrecognizedactivitiesinclude:
Workinaprofessionaladvisoryboard,workinggroups,expert Workcertification,examcommissions WorkintheLatvianMedicalAssociation(electedbodies) Workforinternationalprofessionalassociations Workasregularteacher Workingforcontinuingeducation Lecturesandcourses Congresses,conferences,symposia,rallies,roundtablediscussionsorprofessional
associationmeetings
Subscriptiontoarelevantmagazineaboutprofessionalspecialization Relatoratmeetingsofprofessionalassociations,congressesandconferences(in
Latvian)
Participation inLatvianorinternationalcongresses,conferencesorsymposia Speakingaboutmedicalinstitutionsinclinicalconferences,clinicalcasestudiesand
literaturereviewsorpublichealthtopicsinmassmedia
Internationalcongressesandconferencereports Presentations(oralreport)atinternationalcongressesandconferences Publications Researchactivity PhDthesis Fulltime/parttimelecturerinuniversities
CMEtarget Allmedicaldoctors
Participationinthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
TheAssociationofPhysiciansofLatvia
Website http://www.arstubiedriba.lv
19LatvianMedicalAssociation.http://www.arstubiedriba.lv.AccessedApril,2012
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Country Lithuania20
PresenceofCME Yes
CMEcompulsory Yes
CMEsystem 120CMEcreditseveryfiveyears(24creditsperyear)
CMEcredits(unit) Notavailable
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Elearningisaccepted
CMEtarget Allmedicaldoctors
Participation inthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
MinistryofHealthoftheRepublicofLithuania.
TheStateHealthCareAccreditationAgencyattheMinistryofHealthisresponsiblefor
assessingCMEcertificatestodetermineCMEhours(credits)
Website http://www.sam.lt,http://www.vaspvt.gov.lt
20TheStateHealthCareAccreditationAgencyattheMinistryofHealth.http://www.vaspvt.gov.lt/node/168.AccessedApril,
2012
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Country Luxembourg21,22,23
PresenceofCME Yes
CMEcompulsory No,voluntary
CMEsystem CMEisconductedonavoluntarybasis,eachphysicianisresponsibleforthe
identification
of
his/her
own
needs
and
participation
to
local
or
international
events
to
keepupdated.
CMEcredits(unit) Notavailable
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Notavailable
CMEtarget Allmedicaldoctors
Participation inthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
TheAssociationofDoctorsandDentists(AMMD)
LuxembourgAssociationforContinuingMedicalEducation(ALFORMEC)
Website http://www.ammd.lu
http://www.alformec.lu/
http://www.institutfmc.lu/
21LuxembourgInstituteforContinuingMedicalEducation.http://www.institutfmc.lu.AccessedApril,201222TheLuxembourgAssociationforContinuingMedicalEducation.http://www.alformec.lu.AccessedApril,201223UEMS(2008).Luxembourg.http://www.ipcaa.org/assets/Luxembourg44760.pdf.RetrievedApril,2012
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Country Netherlands24,25,26
PresenceofCME Yes
CMEcompulsory Yes,since1996
CMEsystem 200CMEhourseveryfiveyearswithatleast40CMEhoursperyear.Doctorsmusttake
part
in
40
hours
of
CME
per
year
and
general
practitioners
(GPs)
must
take
part
in
at
leasttwohourspeerreviewperyear.Doctorshavetodemonstratethattheyhave
undertaken16hoursperweekofgeneralpracticeworkineachyear,overtheprevious
fiveyears.ItiscompulsoryforGPstoundertakeatleast10hoursofpeerreview
CMEcredits(unit) OneCMEcreditpointisawardedperhour
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Distancelearning(Elearning)isaccepted.Everydistancelearningprogramlasts
fromonetofourhours,onehourformodules(onlinesystemcalledGAIA)
Otherrecognisedactivitiesinclude:
Continuingeducationmeetingsabroad(congressesorsymposia) Writingathesis Publicationinascientificjournal Givingalectureatanaccreditedmeeting GPTrainers(viaBIAGPtraining) Editorialmembershipofascientificjournal Participationinworkgroupsforguidelinedevelopment PersonalCurriculum(PL) Peerreview
CMEtarget Physicians,pharmacists,physiotherapists,healthcarepsychologists,psychotherapists,
dentists,midwivesandnurses
Participation inthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
RoyalDutchMedicalAssociation(KNMG)
GAIA(JointAccreditationInternetApplication,elearning)
Website http://knmg.artsennet.nl
24RoyalDutchMedicalAssociation.http://knmg.artsennet.nl.AccessedApril,201225TheAccreditationBoardCluster1.http://www.cvah.net.AccessedApril,201226UEMS(2008).Netherlands.http://www.ipcaa.org/assets/Netherlands42818.pdf.RetrievedApril,2012]
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Country Malta27
PresenceofCME Yes
CMEcompulsory No,voluntary
CMEsystem Notavailable
CMEcredits
(unit)
Not
available
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Notavailable
CMEtarget Generalpractitioners
Participatesinthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
TheMedicalAssociationofMalta
Website http://www.mam.org.mt/
27TheMedicalAssociationofMalta.http://www.mam.org.mt.AccessedApril,2012
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Country Poland28
PresenceofCME Yes,since2004
CMEcompulsory Yes,since2004
CMEsystem 200CPDcreditseveryfiveyearswhichmustinclude140CMEpointsand60CPDpoints.
There
are
two
categories
of
activities
including:
Basic Additional(100creditsmaximum)
CMEcredits(unit) OneCMEcreditpointisawardedperhour
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Basicactivities:
Implementationofaspecializationprogram Participation incoursesfordoctors(outofprogram) Nationalorinternationalcourseofclinicalpractice Nationalorinternationalconferences,congressesorscientificsymposiums Scientificsocietymeetings Internaltrainingorganizedbythestructureinwhichthephysicianisemployed Lesson,report(oral)orposteratconferences,conventionsorscientificmeetings Testaccreditedbyascientificsocietyorspecialitycollege Doctorateinmedicine,professortitle,assistanttitleAdditionalactivities(100creditsmaximum):
Distancelearning(Elearning) Publishingabookabouthealth,chaptersinatextbookoraneducationalprogram Writingandpublishingbooks,achapteroramultimediaeducationalprogram Translationandpublicationofprofessionalmedicalbooks,chaptersinabookor
educationalmultimediaprogram
Writingandpublishinganarticle Translationandpublicationofanarticlefromamedicaljournal Postgraduatemanagementexperienceoracquisitionofspecializationfordoctorsor
dentists
Specializationtitle Subscriptiontoaprofessionalmedicaljournal Membershiptoascientificsocietyorprofessionalcollege
CMEtarget Allmedicaldoctorsanddentists
Participation inthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
NameoftheCMEcompetentauthority
Polish(Supreme)ChamberofPhysiciansandDentistsandRegionalChambersofPhysiciansandDentists
Website http://www.nil.org.pl
28PolishChamberofPhysicians.http://www.nil.org.pl.AccessedApril,2012
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Country Portugal29
PresenceofCME Yes,since1982
CMEcompulsory CMEisvoluntary,withnoplanstomakeitmandatory
CMEsystem InthePublicService15dayspaidleaveisallowedperyearforCMEactivity
CMEcredits
(unit)
There
isno
system
of
credits
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Elearningisntrecognised
CMEtarget Allmedicaldoctors
Participation inthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
PortugueseMedicalAssociation(OrdemDosMedicos)
Website http://www.ordemdosmedicos.pt
29UEMS.(2008).Portugal.http://www.ipcaa.org/assets/Portugal81875.pdf.RetrievedApril,2012
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Country Romania30
PresenceofCME Yes
CMEcompulsory Yes,compulsorysince2006
CMEsystem 200CMEcreditseveryfiveyears,atleast40CMEcreditsperyear
More
than
one
third
of
the
minimum
score
must
comprise
educational
activities
not
directlyrelatedtothebasicspecialtyofeachindividual
AtleastonethirdoftherequiredCMEcreditsmustberepresentedbyparticipationincourses
CMEcredits(unit) OneCMEcreditpointisawardedper hour
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Distancelearning(Elearning)isaccepted:18hoursperprogram,10questionspersix
hours(75%thresholdrequireinordertopasstheprogram).Bothemailandonline
programsareallowed.
Otherrecognizedactivitiesinclude:
CMEcourses Attendanceatinternational,national,regional,localevents,congress,conference,
symposium/seminaroraworkgroup
Publications: Articlesinascientific/medicaljournal Chapterinascientific/medicalbook Medical/scientificbookmonograph Publicationofamedical/scientificbooks Publishinginajournalwithanimpactfactor
Subscriptionstomedicaljournals(nationalandinternational) Obtaininganyofthefollowingtitles:
ResidentphysicianconfirmedbytheMinistryofPublicHealth Specialist,includingtheacquisitionofotherspecialties Acertificateoffurthereducation MD,includingasecondspecialty Doctorinmedicine Master TraineraccreditedbytheMinistryofPublicHealth Traineroftrainers,accreditedbytheMinistryofPublicHealth Statusofateacherwithuniversityfunction,lecturer,associateprofessorwith
appointmentsconfirmedbytheGraduateInstitute
CMEtarget Physicians
Participation intheUEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
RomanianPhysiciansBoard
Website http://www.cmr.ro
30RomanianPhysiciansBoardwebsite,http://www.cmr.ro[lastaccessed:April2012]
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Country Slovakia31
PresenceofCME Yes,since1998
CMEcompulsory Yes,butvoluntaryforpublicphysicians,compulsoryforprivatephysicians
CMEsystem 250CMEcreditseveryfiveyears,atleast50CMEcreditsperyear
150
allocated
for
external
officially
planned
medical
education
(CME)
including
seminars,conferences,posters,paneldiscussions,scientificandexploratory
activities
100creditsforpersonalstudy(CPD) 100creditsperfiveyearsisautomaticallyallocatedtodoctorsperformingeveryday
practice
CMEcredits OneCMEcreditpointisawardedperhour
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Immeasurablecomponents:
Performanceofapracticewithinthediscipline MedicalassessmentactivityMeasurablecomponents:
Distantlearning(correspondenceorimplementedviacomputernetworks).Elearningiscreditedinthesamewayasautodidactictestsandisnotincluded
underpersonalstudy.For80100%correctanswersdoctorscollecttwo
credits,for6080%theycollectonecredit
Notsupervisedpersonallearningactivitiesintheareaofthespecialisation discipline
Attendanceatcourses Attendanceatscientificmeetingsorganizedincooperationwitheducational
institutions
Studystays Local,regionalandinternationalprofessionallyorientedmeetings Lecturingincludingpedagogicalactivities Publications Scientificresearch
CMEtarget Allmedicaldoctors,dentist,nurses,midwivesandassistantsinlearningactivity
Participation inthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
SlovakAccreditationCouncilforCME(SACCME)
Website http://www.saccme.sk
31SlovakAccreditationCouncilforCME.http://www.saccme.sk.AccessedApril,2012
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Country Slovenia32
PresenceofCME Yes
CMEcompulsory Yes,since1992
CMEsystem 75CMEcreditseverysevenyears
CMEcredits
One
CME
credit
point
isawarded
per
hour
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Elearningcoursesaccepted.
Otherrecognisedactivitiesinclude:
Lecturesorpassiveinvolvementinseminarsandmeetings(nationalandinternational)
Publicationinamedical/peerreviewedjournalorbook Participationinpeerreview Selfstudy Literaturestudywithtest Studytripsandvisits Participationinaspecificprofessionallecture
CMEtarget Allmedicaldoctorsanddentists
Participation inthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
MedicalChamberofSlovenia
Website http://www.zzsmcs.si
32MedicalChamberofSlovenia.http://www.zzsmcs.si.AccessedApril,2012
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Country Spain33
PresenceofCME Yes,since2002
CMEcompulsory No,voluntary
CMEsystem Therearenorecommendationsorguidelinesastothenumberofcreditstobecollected
annually.
The
CME
credits
are
currently
serving
for
career
purposes
(e.g.,
salary
of
doctorsemployedbypublichealthservices).Doctorsmaybeabletoearnmoremoney
bytakingpartinCMEprogrammes
CMEcredits 1ECMECcredit(EuropeanCMECredits)=0,12SACCME(SpanishAccreditation Council
forCME)credit
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Traditionallectures,meetings,trainingseminars,distancelearningactivities
CMEtarget Allmedicaldoctors,pharmacists,dentists,veterinaries,nurses
Participation inthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
SpanishAccreditationCouncilforCME(SACCME)
Website http://www.cgcom.es/seaformec
33GeneralCouncilofOfficialCollegesofPhysiciansofSpain.http://www.cgcom.es/seaformec.AccessedApril,2012
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Country Sweden34
PresenceofCME Yes,since2002
CMEcompulsory No,voluntary
CMEsystem Notbasedoncredits.TheInstituteforProfessionalDevelopmentofPhysicians(IPULS)
reviews
CME/CPD
events
in
accordance
with
criteria
that
comply
with
Swedish
regulationsandareinagreementwiththeEACCMEsrecentlyrevisedcriteriaforlive
educationalevents.ApprovedeventsarepublishedinIPULSDoctorsonline
educationalcatalogue.TheSwedishMedicalAssociationrecommends10daysof
externalCME/CPDperyearfordoctors
CMEcredits Nocreditsareused
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Elearningisaccepted
CMEtarget ThereisnosystemforCMEaccreditationofhealthcareworkers.IPULScertifies
educationaleventsandelearningcourses
Participation inthe
UEMSEACCME
system
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
InstituteforProfessionalDevelopmentofPhysiciansinSweden(IPULS)
Website http://www.ipuls.se
34InstituteforProfessionalDevelopmentofPhysiciansinSweden.http://www.ipuls.se.AccessedApril,2012
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Country UnitedKingdom35
PresenceofCME Yes
CMEcompulsory Yes
CMEsystem 250CMEcreditseveryfiveyears,withatleast50CMEcreditsperyear.Ofthese,atleast
125
should
be
clinical
external
and
at
least
25
should
be
non
clinical
external
credits.
A
maximumof50personalcreditsmaybeclaimed,andonly50RCP(RoyalCollegesof
Physicians)approveddistancelearningcreditsand60MRCPUK(Membershipofthe
RoyalCollegesofPhysiciansoftheUnitedKingdom)examiningcreditsmaycount
towardsthetotalexternalcreditsclaimed.CPDcreditscanbeeitherclinicalornon
clinicalandcanbederivedfrompersonal,internalorexternalactivities.Exemption
creditsmayonlybeclaimedinexceptionalcircumstanceswhenaphysicianisunableto
meettheannualminimumrequirementsduetoillness,maternityleaveorlongterm
absencefromwork
CMEcredits OneCPDcreditpointisawardedperhour
Recognisedtypesof
CMEactivity
Distancelearningisaccepted.However,onlythefirst10RCPapproveddistancelearning
creditscanbecountedasexternalandtheremaindercanbeclaimedaspersonal.The
FederationoftheRoyalCollegesofPhysiciansoftheUKhasanapproveddistance
learningcreditcategoryinordertoacknowledgetheincreasinglyavailablehighquality
onlineeducationalopportunities.Physicianscanregisterupto10approveddistance
learningcreditstowardstheirminimumannualrequirementof25externalcredits.
Physicianscanonlyregisterdistancelearningcreditsfromdistancelearning
materials/productsthathavebeenapprovedforthispurposebytheFederation.
Otherrecognisedactivitiesinclude:
Unlistedexternalmeetings(external) WorkrelatedMSc(MasterofScience)orequivalentactivity(external) InternalCPDmeetings(internal) Internaltrustoremployermandatorytraining(internal) Participationinauditmeetingsormorbidityandmortalitymeetings(internal) Participationingrandroundsorspecialityclinicalmeetings(internal) Participationinseminars/workshops(internal) Internaltrustoremployermandatorytraining(internal) Undertakinginformationsearches(personal) Presentationsatconferences(personal) Participationincommittees/workingparties(personal) Readingjournalsandtexts(personal)
Refereeing
articles
and
texts
(personal)
Undertakingaresearchproject(personal) Writingexaminationquestionsorexamining(personal) Writingreviewarticlesandtexts(personal)
CMEtarget Allmedicaldoctorswhohavealicencetopractise
Participatesinthe
UEMSEACCME
Yes,participatesintheUEMSEACCMEsystem
35AcademyofMedicalRoyalColleges.http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk.AccessedApril,2012
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system
NameoftheCME
competentauthority
AcademyofMedicalRoyalColleges
Website http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk
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Resultsofthesearch:
Thetableshavebeencompletedfor22countriesincluding:
Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Cyprus,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Ireland,Italy,
Latvia,Netherlands,Poland,Portugal,Spain,UnitedKingdom,CzechRepublic,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia,
SwedenandHungary.
ThetablesofLithuaniahasbeenpartiallycompleted.
Thetablesoftwocountrieshavenotbeenfilledduetoalackofdataincluding:
Luxembourg,Malta.
Thefollowingtablesummarisestheresultsoftheresearchaccordingtosixfundamentalcategories:the
presenceorabsenceofaCMEsystem,theCMErequirements(compulsory,voluntary),thenumberof
creditsperyear,theunitofaccreditation,therecognitionofelearningandtheendusersofthetraining.
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Summarytableoftheresearch
Country Presenceof
aCME
system
CME
requirement
Credit/year CMEcredits
(credits/minutes)
Elearning
recognised
CMEtarget
Austria Yes Compulsory 150/3 1/45min Yes Allmedicaldoctors
Belgium Yes Voluntary 60/3 1/60min Yes AllmedicaldoctorsBulgaria Yes Compulsory 150/3 1/45min Yes Allmedicaldoctors
Cyprus Yes Voluntary 150/3 1/60min Yes Allmedicaldoctors
CzechRepublicYes Compulsory 120/5 1/45min Yes Allmedicaldoctors
Denmark Yes Voluntary 200/5 1/60min Yes Allmedicaldoctors
Estonia Yes Voluntary 300/5 1/45min No Allmedicaldoctors
Finland No Voluntary Notbasedon
credits
Yes Allmedicaldoctors
France Yes Compulsory 250/5 1/4560min Yes Allmedicaldoctors,dentistsand
hospitalpharmacists
Germany Yes Compulsory 150/3250/5 1/45min Yes Allmedicaldoctors
Greece Yes Voluntary 100/5 NA No Allmedicaldoctors
Hungary Yes Compulsory 250/5 1/60min Yes Allmedicaldoctors,dentists,
pharmacistsandclinical
psychologists
Ireland Yes Compulsory 250/5 1/60min Yes Allmedicaldoctors
Italy Yes Compulsory 150/3 1/60min Yes Allthehealthprofessionals
Latvia Yes Compulsory 250/5 1/60min Yes Allmedicaldoctors
Lithuania Yes Compulsory 120/5 NA Yes Allmedicaldoctors
Luxembourg Yes Voluntary NA NA NA Allmedicaldoctors
Netherlands Yes Compulsory 200/5 1/60min Yes Allmedicaldoctors,pharmacists,
physiotherapists,healthcare
psychologists,psychotherapists,
dentists,midwivesandnurses
Malta Yes Voluntary NA NA NA Generalpractitioners
Poland Yes Compulsory 200/5 1/60min Yes AllmedicaldoctorsanddentistsPortugal Yes Voluntary Notbasedon
credits
No Allmedicaldoctors
Romania Yes Compulsory 200/5 1/60min Yes Allmedicaldoctors
Slovakia Yes Voluntary 250/5 1/60min Yes Allmedicaldoctors,dentist,nurses,
midwivesandassistantsinlearning
activity
Slovenia Yes Compulsory 75/7 1/60min Yes Allmedicaldoctorsanddentists
Spain Yes Voluntary NA 1ECMECcredit=
0,12SACCME
Yes Allmedicaldoctors
Sweden Yes Voluntary Notbasedon
credits
Yes
United
Kingdom
Yes Compulsory 250/5 1/60min Yes Allmedicaldoctors
NA=NotAvailable
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1.2Conclusions
In this report we give an overview of the CME system in the 27 countries of the European Union.
Importantly,the27countriesarefullmembersofUEMSandfollowtheEACCMEdirective.Thus,although
therearedifferent typesofCME systems ineachcountry,with some systems still in their development
phase,there
exists
acommon
framework
(UEMS)
to
which
all
countries
tend
to
align.
This
helps
to
reduce
theheterogeneityacrossthedifferentCMEsystems.
All27EuropeanUnioncountrieshavetheirownCMEsystemexceptFinland,wherethesystemisstillbeing
developed.Morethanhalfofcountriesanalyzed(15countries,56%)havemandatoryparticipationtotheir
CME system. In the remaining countries participation is voluntary and based on the assumption that
continuingmedicaleducation isacivicdutyand, insomecases,participation isencouragedbyeithertax
incentivesorfinancialrewards.
There isareasonablehomogeneity inthetypeofCMEsystemacrosscountriesandformostofthem(15
countries,56%)itcanbedividedintotwomaintypes:
CMEsystemwithafiveyearscycleforatotalof200/250credits(11countries,41%) CMEsystemwithathreeyearscycleforatotalof150credits(5countries,19%)
TheremainingCMEsystemsaresomewhatdifferentincludingforexample,afiveyearscycleforatotalof
100/120credits,andSloveniawhosesystemrequires75creditsinsevenyears.Swedenisuniquebecauseit
hasaCMEsystemthatisnotbasedoncredits.ForLuxembourg,Malta,PortugalandSpainfulldetailsabout
CME system were not available through the literature search or via email requests (and reminders) to
relevantcontacts.
There was large homogeneity on the accreditation unit across countries: 14 countries (52%) award one
credit
for
one
hour
of
activity
and
six
countries
(22%)
award
one
credit
for
45
minutes
of
activity.
Informationonaccreditationunitwasnotavailablefortheremainingfourcountrieswithasystembased
oncredits(15%).
Some types of activities were accepted for credit across all 27 European Union countries including:
internal/externalactivities,publicationsandrefereeduties.Distance learning (Elearning)wasrecognized
fortheacquisitionofcreditsin22countries(81%)andnotrecognizedinonlytwo(7%,GreeceandEstonia).
For the remaining three countries (11%, Luxembourg, Malta and Portugal) information on accepted
activitiesforaccreditationwasnotavailable.
Most CME systems (17 countries, 63%) are targeted to medical doctors (all specializations). Only seven
countries(26%),Italyincluded,haveaCMEsystemalsoopentootherhealthoperators.
Italy inparticular is theonlycountry inwhichallhealthoperatorsareobliged tocarryout thecontinue
medicaleducation.
Overall,basedon the similarityacross theCME systemsof the27EuropeanUnioncountries the results
suggestthatitcouldbepossibletodevelopaprotocolofElearning,suchastheTellMeProject,thatcould
beconsistentlyappliedindifferentcountries.MostcountrieshaveCMEsystemswithsimilaraccreditation
systems, recognize distance learning and have mutually recognized credits because they belong to a
commonsystem(UEMS).However,apotentiallimitationisthatmostCMEsystemsaretargetedtomedical
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doctors and, in thecase of global events requiring organised actions (which is the focus of the Tell Me
Project),differenttypesofhealthoperatorswouldbeexpectedtobeinvolvedandeachoneofthemwould
havetomatchspecifictrainingrequirements.However,numeroushealthtrainingactivitiesareoperating
acrossthedifferentcountrieswhichmayneedtobeincorporatedintoeachaccreditationsystemandtaken
intoaccountincaseofacoordinatedEuropeanaction.
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2. Technical2.1Introductionandbackground
WehaveconductedareviewoftheliteratureandInternetbasedsearchestofindcomparisonstudies,
reportsordiscussionaboutopensourceLearningManagementSystems(LMS),withafocusontheir
strengthsandweaknesses.TheaimwastoidentifythebestLMSsystemtoreleaseCMEduringapandemic
situationacrossall27countriesoftheEuropeanUnion.
Theanalysisfocusedexclusivelyonopensourcetechnologiesthathavenolimitationsontheirdistribution.
Thus,commercialproductswereexcludedfromtheevaluation.Themaincriteriafortheevaluationofthe
mostrelevantdistancelearningactivitiesareasfollows:
UsabilityTheLMSmustbefairlyintuitivetouse;documentation,howtoguides,support,trainingandonlinehelphavetobeavailableandaccessibleforadministrators,teachersandstudents
AdoptionBothaconsistentdevelopmentcommunityandafairnumberofsimilarinstitutionsusingtheLMShavetobedocumented
Numberoflanguages(localisation,translationguidelinesandmanuals)Thesystemhastosupporttheofficiallanguagesofthe27EuropeanUnioncountries
ScalabilityTheprogramhastobesuitableforbothsmallandlargeinstallations;theLMSneedstotransparentlyfollowtheincreaseofusers,contentsandfunctionality
Ifoneormoreofthesecriteriawasnotreachedthesoftwarewasexcludedfromfurtherreview.Secondary
criteriawerealsoconsideredincluding:
Hardware/softwarecompatibilityThesoftwareshouldrununderthemostusedserversystems(Windowsserver,Appleserver,LinuxandUnix)andhavelowhardwarerequirements
CustomizedlookThemescustomisationthatismaintainedthroughoutthedifferentpagesandlearningobjects
UserpresenceloggingAvailability ChatAvailability ForumsAvailability Onlinesupport/helpAvailabilityofasystemforhelp/bugtrackingforadministratorsandteacherson
thedevelopers'site
Basedonareviewof35Elearningplatformsfivewereselectedformoredetailedassessment.Thesefive
platformswerefrequentlypresentincomparisontochartsofbenchmarksanalysedfrom2003to2011and
include:LRN(dotLRN),ILIAS,Dokeos,ATutorandMoodle.
ThefirstpartoftheanalysisismoreindepthandretainedthespecificdescriptionoftheLMS.This
informationwasretrievedfromtheLMSsdocumentationandhasbeenintegratedwithrelevantdata
documentedincasestudies,productcomparisonsanddiscussionthreads.
ThefollowingtablessummarisethecharacteristicsofthefivemainElearningplatformsselected:dotLRN,
ILIAS,Dokeos,ATutor,Moodle
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Table1
Name .LRN/dotLRN(pronounced"dotlearn")
Logo
Platformhomepage
Lastversion .LRNStablerelease2.5.0(asofJune2012)
Link http://www.dotlrn.org/index.html
Dissemination 35installations.Noexactdataareavailableonhowmanyrealrunninginstallations
thereare,butfromthedownloadpagesomeversionshavebeendownloadedas
manyas76.748times.However,theavailabilityofastableversionsuitablefor
differentLinuxoperatingsystems,itislikelythatinstallationsofdotLRNarehigher
thananticipated.
About .LRNisaglobalcommunityofeducators,designersandsoftwaredevelopers.
.LRNisbackedbythe.LRNConsortium,anonprofitorganizationcommittedto
advancinginnovationineducationaltechnologythroughopensourceprinciples.
Consortiummemberinstitutionsworktogethertosupporteachother's
deploymentsandtoaccelerateandexpandtheadoptionanddevelopmentof.LRN.
TheConsortiumensuressoftwarequalitybycertifyingcomponentsas.LRN
compliant,coordinatessoftwaredevelopmentplansandmaintainstieswith
OpenACS(theopensourcetoolkitwhichformsthebasisfor.LRN).The.LRNBoard
ofDirectors,representingConsortiummembers,setsstrategyandhasultimate
oversightresponsibilitiesfortheproject.The.LRNLeadershipTeammanages
operations,workswiththeopensourcecommunityofusersanddevelopersand
executesthegoalsoftheConsortiumasdefinedbytheBoard
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Generalconsideration .LRNisagroupsupportedenvironmenttowhichElearningfeatureshavebeen
added.Itslogicalunitistheuser,whohasapersonalworkspace.Thisspacealso
providesaccesstosharedspaces(classes).The.LRNsystemwasoriginally
developedbyMITaspartoftheIntellectualCommonsproject.Itisanopensource
projectcreatedaccordingtothemotto"Learn,search,network"tosupport
innovationinlearningandresearchcooperativecommunity.Thetypical
characteristicsof.LRNresideinthequalityofsupportanddevelopmentcommunity
Technical Technology.LRNisbuiltusingOpenACS(OpenArchitectureCommunitySystem),an
advancedenterpriseframeworkforbuildingscalable,communityorientedweb
applications.TheOpenACS"core"hasbeenindevelopmentfornearlyadecade,
withaninvestmentoftenmilliondollars
OperatingsystemLinuxandUnix.OnotherplatformsaUnixlikevirtualmachineor
OShastobeinstalledpriorthe.LRNinstallation process.Version2.5.0isinthe
standardDebianStablerepository
LicenseGeneralPublicLicense(GPL)
Referencemodel/ContentPackagingspecificationsHTML4.01Strict,WCAG
doubleAcompliant,LRNcompatiblecodeisalsoavailablewhichusesRSS,Web
Services,LearningObjectRepositorySystemandvariouscomponentsbasedonIMS
andSCORMstandards
TranslationTranslatedinto41languages,includingonly19languagesofthe27
EuropeanUnioncountries
Integratedfeatures Forums,filestorage,calendar,news,survey,FAQ,homeworkdropboxandgroup
email.
Modulesforweblogs,assessment,RSSnewsaggregator,HTMLeditor,web
presentation,complexsurvey,photoalbumandlearningobjectrepositoryarealso
availablebutnotyetcertifiedforrelease
Attheinfrastructurelevelthecurrentreleasecontainsprovisionsforbothbasic
andexternalauthentication,permissioning,generalnotifications,
internationalization,contentmanagementandWebDAV
Teacherscanadministerclassesoronlinecommunitiesbycustomizingthelayout,
choosingthelanguageandadjustingthetimezonefortheirclasses
Eachusercancustomizethelayout,languageandtimezone(thisoptionis
particularlyusefulincaseofappointments)
Classesandcommunitiescanbecreatedbyanadministratorwhoselectsthe
accessmodalities
Strengths .LRNprovidesmanytoolsformanagingonlinecommunities.Itispossibletodefinedifferenttypesofcommunitieswithavarietyoftoolsandresourcesfor
shareworking,discussionsandresearch.
.LRNisextensible .LRNbenefitsfromthehighscientificandtechnologicalvaluesofinstitutions
thatsponsortheprojectincluding:MIT,theUniversityofHeidelberg,
WirtschaftsuniversittVienna,theUniversityofBergeninNorway,theFreie
UniversittofBerlin,GreenPeaceandtheWorldBank
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Weaknesses Theplatformfor.LRN isacombination ofmodules createdbydifferentdesigners
atdifferentstagesofdevelopmentandmanyfeaturesandtoolsarenotalwayseasy
tointerpret.Theinterfaceisnothomogeneousandattimessuffersfrompoor
qualitymakingitdifficulttouse,especiallyforteachers.Inaddition,thepage
reloadsandtheuseofbookmarksdontalwaysworkasexpected
.LRNseemsmoreacollaborativespacethatanLMSduetothefactthatithasonly
basicfunctionsforfilemanagement
Therearenorealtimechatrooms
Installationisnoteasy
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Table2
Name ILIAS
Logo
Platformhome
page
Lastversion ILIAS4.2.5(asofJuly2012)
Link http://www.ilias.de/
Dissemination 5.000productiveinstallations
About ILIASisapowerfulsystemforwebbasedteachingandlearning.Itisamultipurposetoolthat
canbeusedasaflexiblecourseplayer,asanauthoringtoolandalsoasacommunicationand
collaborationplatform.ItwasthefirstOpenSourceLMSthathasbeencertifiedasSCORM1.2
andSCORM2004compliant.ILIASisanopensourcesoftwarepublishedundertheGeneral
PublicLicenseandisfreeofchargeforeveryinstitutionandorganizationnomatterthe
numberofusers.ItisasecureLMSthathasbeencertifiedbyNATOandcanbeusedontheir
system.Thesystemdevelopmentfollowsstrictlydefinedguidelinesandiscoordinatedbythe
ILIASopensourceELearningsocietyscoordinationteam
General
consideration
ILIASisawebbasedLMSdeveloped,since1997,withinthe VIRTUS projectbytheUniversity
ofCologne(FacultyofEconomicsandSocialSciences)andbecamein2000anopensource
productlicensedundertheGNU/GPL.ILIASwasthefirstopensourceLMSwithSCORM
certification.ILIAShastoolsforlearning,contentcreation,accessinginformationand
cooperativework.Authorscancreateentirecoursesandpublishthemonline.Studentscan
setupworkinggroupsandgothroughlearningmaterialsaswellascommunicatewitheach
otherandwiththeirteachers
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Technical TechnologyPHP,Apache,MySQL
OperatingsystemVariousplatformspecificbundlesofApache,MySQL,PHP(AMPtrilogy):
Windows,MACOS,Linux,Unix,etc.
LicenseGeneralPublicLicense(GPL)
Referencemodel/ContentPackagingspecificationsSCORM1.2andSCORM2004modules
ConformanceADLLMSRTE3,AICC
TranslationTranslatedinto23languages,includingonly17languagesofthe27European
Unioncountries
Integrated
features
Personaldesktopforeachuserwithalltheinformationonvisitedcourses,newmessagesornewpostsontheforum
Learningenvironmentwithpersonalannotations,test,glossaryandprint,searchanddownloadfunctions
Coursemanagementsystem Functionsforcommunicationsuchasmail,forumsandchatting Functionalitybasedonaccessrole Toolsfortestingandevaluation Integratedauthoringtoolsthatallowauthorstoadd/editcontents,metadataand
subcomponentsateachlevelwithoutadvancedtechnicalknowledge
Authoringtoolsforstudentstotrackmaterials(texts,imagesorgraphics),retrievealltherecords/annotationandalsosharethisinformationwithotherstudents
Installationandsystemadministrationdocumentationisavailablebothon andoffline Possibletostructurecoursesatdifferentlevels,inhierarchicalorsequentialorder
includingmodules,chapters,pagesandelements
MetadatadefinedinonelevelareavailabletoallLOs(learningobjects) Contextualhelpandacustominterfaceisavailableforteachers/authorsandstudents
Strengths Integratedenvironmentforauthorsandforcoursescreation Metadatasupportforallavailablelearningobjects Multipleclientssupportedonthesameinstallation Manytoolsforusersandadministrators Functionalitybasedonaccessrole PossibletoimportSCORM/AICC/HTMLmodules Testingandevaluationtoolsavailable Goodinbusinessasitallowsmanagementofacomplexcentralisedarchivewithalarge
amountofdata
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Weaknesses InstallationinWindowsisnotsuitableforaproductiondeploymentasitusesXAMPasserverbackend
Usabilityislimitedassomefeaturesaredifficulttomanageandtoomanystepsarerequiredtoaccomplishotherwisesimpletasks.Theaccesstothevariousfunctionsisnot
immediateandsometools,likethebookmarkfunction,cannotbeused
The
role
based
high
differentiation
can
be
difficult
to
cope
with
even
for
experienced
users
Theheterogeneousgroupofdevelopersmightincreasesystemcomplexity Installationisdifficult ILIASisoneofthemostcompleteandpowerfulLMScurrentlyavailableintheOpenSource
world.ILIAShasadifferentapproachcomparedtootheravailableproductsandismore
complex.However,withtheappropriateknowledgeitallowsuserstodevelopthemost
appropriateenvironmentaccordingtoneedsthroughtheuseoftherichvarietyoftoolsand
featuresoffered
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Table3Name Dokeos
Logo
Platformhomepage
Lastversion Dokeos2.0(free asofJune2012)Link http://www.dokeos.com/en
Dissemination 11.525installations
About Dokeosisanopensourceonlinelearningsuite.Itprovidesallthefeaturesneededfor
Elearningandblendedlearningmanagement:fromauthoringtoreporting.
DokeosisacompanydedicatedtoopensourceLearningManagementSystems.Its
mainproductisaSCORMcompliantopensourcelearningsuiteusedbymultinational
companies,governmentagenciesanduniversities.Dokeosoperatesonaprofessional
opensourcebusinessmodelbasedonopencode,communitydevelopment,
professionalconsulting,
quality
assurance
services
and
subscription
based
customer
support
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Generalconsideration TheprojectisarecentdevelopmentofClaroline,anacademictechnologicalplatform.
ComparedtoClaroline,theinterfacehasbeenslightlymodifiedandnewfeatures
added,includingSCORMsupportandaruntimeengine.QuicklyDokeosbecamean
independentproduct,withfourmaingoals:tohelpteacherstorealizepedagogical
contents,structureactivitiesonthebasisoflearningpathway,interactwithstudents
andfollowprogresswithatrackingsystem.Specifically,Dokeosallowsthecreationof
"educationalpathways"forstudents.Eacheducationalpathwaycanbebuiltby
creatingoneormoremodulesthatcontainall(orpart)oftheresourcesofthecourse.
Oncethemodulesarecreatedinternalhierarchiescanbedefined.Studentsand
teachersfromvariousuniversities,mainlyinEurope,supporttheproject
Technical TechnologyPHP,Apache,MySQL
OperatingsystemServerOperatingsystemsupportingwebservice,MySQLandPHP,
e.g.,WindowsServer,MACOSServer,Linux,etc.
LicenseGeneralPublicLicense(GPL)
Referencemodel/ContentPackagingspecificationsPartiallySCORMcompliant.IEEE
LOMonlyfordocumentsandgroups(TheIEEE1484.12.12002Standardfor
LearningObjectMetadataisaninternationallyrecognizedopenstandardpublished
bytheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineersStandardsAssociation, New
Yorkforthedescriptionoflearningobjects)
TranslationTranslatedinto44languages,includingalllanguagesofthe27European
Unioncountries,exceptEstonian
Integratedfeatures Highusabilityandreliability Supportoflearningpaths Chat,forums,video/audioconferences PartialsupportofSCORM Highmodularitywithpluginuse
Strengths Learningpathsapproach Organizationoftools Flexible,allowingthepossibilitytobuildandaddnewplugins(sinceversion1.6.0)
Weaknesses InstallationinWindowsisnotsuitableforaproductiondeploymentasitusesXAMPasserverbackend
Authorstoolsneedtobeimproved Insitesearchnotavailable Documentationisincomplete Thecustomizationofstylesheetscanbedoneonlyattheplatformlevelsuchthat
userscannotcustomizeplatformdefaultsettings
OntheofficialsiteguidesandtutorialsareonlyinPDF(sometutorialsarealsoinFlash)
LackofXMLsupport
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Table4Name ATutor
LogoPlatformhomepage
Lastversion ATutor2.0.3(asofJune2012)Link http://atutor.ca/
Dissemination58.593officialinstallations
About ATutorisanOpenSourceWebbasedLearningandContentManagementSystem(LCMS)
designedwithaccessibilityandadaptabilityinmind.AdministratorscaninstallorupdateATutor
inminutes,developcustomtemplatestogiveATutoranewlookandeasilyextendits
functionalitywithfeaturedmodules.Educatorscanquicklyassemble,packageandredistribute
Webbased
instructional
content,
easily
retrieve
and
import
prepackaged
content
and
conduct
theircoursesonline.Studentslearninanadaptivelearningenvironment
Generalconsideration
TheATutorprojectstartedin2002andwasdevelopedbytheAdaptiveTechnologyResource
Centre(ATRC)attheUniversityofToronto;aninternationallyrecognizedleaderinthe
developmentanddistributionofElearningtodisadvantagepeople.
ATutorisreleasedundertheGeneralPublicLicense(GPL)releasinglicenseandiscurrently
consideredamongthebestdistancelearningplatforms.ThisLCMSallowsdeveloperstobuild
reusablecontentthatcanbesharedthroughdifferentElearningsystems;inthesameway,
contentsrealizedwithIMSorSCORMcompliantsystemscanbeeasilyimported
Technical TechnologyHTTPwebserver(Apache,IIS,etc.),MySQL,PHP
OperatingsystemServerOperatingsystemsupportingwebservice,MySQLandPHP;e.g.,WindowsServer,MacOSServer,Linux,etc.
LicenseGeneralPublicLicense(GPL)
Referencemodel/ContentPackagingspecificationsSCORM1.2,SCORM1.2RuntimeEnvironment(LMSRTE3),IMSPackaging,W3CXHTML1.0,W3CWCAG1.0accessibility
specificationsattheAA+level
TranslationTranslatedinto69languages,includingalllanguagesofthe27EuropeanUnion
countries
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Integrated
features
Separateinterfaceforadministratorsofthecourses Coursescanbebuiltfromsetsofpages CreationofreusableandinteroperablelearningobjectsthroughtheadoptionofIMSContentPackagingspecification/SCORM
Abilitytodefinetagstoexpandthesearchmechanismacrossthecourses
Easycreation
of
courses,
although
skills
in
HTML
are
desirable
ContextualhelpandfurthersupportisavailableontheATutorwebsite ATutorisunderconstantdevelopment,implementingleadingedgestandardsofElearningandtryingtointegrateWYSIWYGeditortoallowteacherstocreatecourse
contentswithouthavingtoknowHTML
ATutorwebsiteincludesseveralforum:asupportforum,abugtrackingforumanda"wishlist"forum
Strengths OneofthemainfocusesisonaccessibilityandforthisreasonATutoristheonlydistancelearningproductinaccordancewiththeW3CWCAG1.0LevelAA+standards
Thesystemisadaptable,resourcesparingandfunctional.ATutorisverysimpleandintuitiveevenforthemostinexperiencedusers,bothadministratorsandteachers.
Teacherscandeveloponlinelearningenvironmentsthatarehighlyadaptableand
customised.Inaddition,ATutorhassimultaneousandasynchronouscollaborationand
communicationsystems(forums,chat,messaging).Userscancustomizedthepresentation
ofcontentbasedontheirlearningneedsandstyles
Weakpoints Nobookmarkstodifferentelementsofthecoursesisavailable DifficultyinextendingthefunctionalityofATutor AuthenticationismadeonlyagainsttheinternaldatabaseofATutor Requiresafairlylongtrainingperiod Notenoughinstallationandmaintenancedocuments ManyshortcomingsmakeATutorunsuitablefornonacademicareas
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Table5
Name Moodle
Logo
Platformhome
page
Lastversion Moodle2.3(asofJune2012)
Link http://moodle.org/
Dissemination 66.000currentlyactivesites
About MoodleisaLearningManagementSystem(LMS)orVirtualLearningEnvironment(VLE).Itisa
softwarepackageforproducingInternetbasedcoursesandwebsites.Itisaglobal
developmentprojectdesignedtosupportasocialconstructionistframeworkofeducation.
Trainersareavailablearoundtheworldmakingitaneffectivetoolforcreatingandconductingonlinecourses.ThemainobjectiveoftheMoodleprojectistoprovideeducators/teachersthe
besttoolstomanageandpromotelearning.Itcanbeusedinsmall(e.g.,smallschoolor
independenttraining)orverylarge(e.g.,hundredsofthousandsofstudents)learning
environments.ManyinstitutionsuseMoodleasanenvironmentforentirelyonlinecourses
whileothersuseittosupportcoursesinblendedlearning.TheMoodlesactivitymodules
(suchasforums,Wikianddatabases)areoftenusedtobuildlearningcommunities(inthe
traditionofsocialconstructivism).Alternatively,someuserspreferitasatoolforcontent
distribution(suchasSCORMpackets)andtoevaluatelearningthroughquizzesandhomework
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General
consideration
Moodlestartsfromasocialconstructionistpedagogicalmodel.Itisanopensourceproject
promotedbytheUniversityofTechnologyinAustralia.Moodleprovidestoolsforcourse
managementandintegrationofitscontent(documentsandexercises)bybothteachersand
students.Moodleisawebbasedopensource(underGNUPublicLicense)projectthatis
activelybeingdeveloped.Ithasmanyfeatures,mostofwhichareaimedtowards
collaborativeworksuchasforums,instantmessaging,anintegratedsystemofemail,
managementofworkinggroups,sharedagenda,blogs,wikiandquizzes.TheMoodle
communityisorganizedaroundmoodle.org.In2007theUKgovernmentfundedOSSWatch
reportedthatMoodlehadbecometheLMSofchoicefor56%ofUKFEinstitutions.According
totheMoodleTrust,therearealmost4millionMoodlecoursesintheworld,usedby38
millionparticipants
Technical TechnologyPHP,Apache,MySQL
OperatingsystemMoodlecanbeinstalledonanycomputerthatcanrunaHTTPwebserver,
PHPandcansupportaSQLtypedatabase(forexampleMySQL).ItcanberunonLinuxand
Windowsoperatingsyst