D19

MAXIMUM CURRENT INDICATOR ON

PHASE

By

ARVY TRYUDHA MKS0412/JF/S1/ED/028

RIZKA UNAIRIROSI 2009-71-067

ARIF BUDIMAN 2009-71-125

PT. PLN (Persero) RAYON AIRMADIDI

CABANG MANADO, WILAYAH SULUTTENGGO

2013

PT PLN (PERSERO)

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OLIMPIAD_33rd OJT

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ABSTRACT

PHB-TR is one of the distribution material which support sustainability

electronic distribution. Actually, the attention of PLNs operator is weak toward

PHB-TR. It cause outage. Majority causes of outage is disconnect NH Fuse. NH

Fuse disconnected because the current which through phase higher than their

nominal current. NH Fuse disconnected can be avoided with an indicator. It use to

give initial warning when the current almost reach nominal currents NH Fuse.

This indicator is Maximum Current Indicator on Phase.

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CHAPTER I BACKGROUND

The title of our innovation in Olimpiade, Science, and Technology is

MAXIMUM CURRENT INDICATOR ON PHASE the function to be avoid

blackout which caused disconnected by NH Fuse on PHB-TR. NH Fuse

disconnected because the current which through phase higher than their nominal

current. Hopely, this innovation can give initial warning by indicator which will

be active when the current almost reach nominal currents NH Fuse.

CHAPTER II STRATEGIC ISSUE

During this time, the attention of PLN Airmadidis operator is weak

toward PHB-TR load metering. It cause transformator overload, outage, and

current each phase isnt balanced. This problem is caused by:

1. Many member of new installation customer without measuring the load on each

phase.

2. Wearing jumpers instead of the damaged NH fuse on PHB-TR.

3. Lack of direct action of the operators prevent overcurrent on phase.

4. MCB on customer misuse.

CHAPTER III OFI FORMULATION (OPPORTUNITY FOR

IMPROVEMENT)

We chose SWOT methode to analysis our problem. SWOT is methode to

explain the condition and evaluation of problem which based from internal factor

and external factor. There are Strenghts, Weakness, Opportunities dan Threats

(SWOT). This methode evaluation is to find the problem and strategic. SWOT

methode is just for explain the condition and not for solution problem.

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Picture 3.1 SWOT Diagram

1. Strengths

- The people around should be give participate to protect PLNs asset.

- PLNs operator is more perceptive to prevent overcurrent on phase.

2. Weakness.

- There are losses.

3. Opportunities

- Indicator will still on until operator do the action.

- It can prevent outage which caused overcurrent phase on PHB-TR.

4. Threats

- This innovation tools can be stolen.

CHAPTER IV AFI (ACTION FOR IMPROVEMENT)

Based on strategic issues encountered in PLN Rayon Airmadidi, so we

took the initiative to make a device which can detect overcurrent at each phase

PHB-TR. It can to prevent the outages caused by unbalanced load in the PHB-TR.

This innovation have a sensor that can detect overcurrent used on each phase

PHB-TR.

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Example for PHB-TR

Picture 4.1 MAL 01 PHB-TR Picture 4.2 MAL 01 Transformator

MAL 01 PHB-TR Likupang-Batu

Transformation power : 50 KVA

NH fuse Line : 63 A

Total line : 1 line

PHB-TR Metering Data on 2 Februari 2013, Time 19.45

IR : 49,2 A

IS : 0,4 A

IT : 57,4 A

IN : 62 A

PHB-TR Metering Data on 18 Februari 2013, Time 10.16

IR : 49,5 A

IS : 0 A

IT : 72,3 A

IN : 64,8 A

Current nominal phase :

=

= 75,75 A

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Standard load phase :

80 % x 75,75 = 60,6 A

If metering data compared with counting data. We can see that current each phase

on PHB-TR arent balanced. Is (current on S phase) doesnt have load and It

(current on T phase) have reached more than 80% from standard current that is

72,3 A. It (current on T phase) have reached 95,45% from maximum current each

phase. So hopely, with this innovation that condition can be avoided.

4.1 MCB

We use MCB with current rating one level lower than NH Fuse. MAL 01

PHB-TR use NH fuse with nominal current 63A, so the MCB we choosed is MCB

with nominal currents 50A. MCB is an automatically operated electrical switch

designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short

circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition an by interrupting

continuity, to immediately discontinue electrical flow. Unlike a fuse, which

operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset to resume

normal operation.

Picture 4.3 MCB 50 Ampere

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4.2 CONTACTOR

A contactor is an electrically controlled switch used for switching a power

circuit, similar to a relay except with higher current rating. Contactors come in

many forms with varying capacities and features. Unlike a circuit breaker, a

contactor isnt intended to interrupt a short circuit current.

A contactor composed from coil, NO (Normally Open) contact, and NC

(Normally Close) contact. When current passes through the electromagnet (coil), a

magnetic field is produced, which attracts the moving core of contactor. The

electromagnet coil draws more current initially, until it is inductance increases

when the metal core enters the coil. The moving contact is propelled by the

moving core. The force developed by electromagnet holds the moving and fixed

contacts together. When the contactor coil is de-energized, gravity or spring

retuns the electromagnet core to its initial position. It make contacts retuns to

initial position too.

Contactors which used on MAL 01 PHB-TR have suitable capacity with

maximum current which through each phase 75,75 A. So, we choose contactor 3

phase which have capacity 80 A.

Picture 4.4 Contactor 3 phasa 80 Ampere

4.3 INDICATOR

There are two indicator which used in this inovation. There are lamp and

alarm. Those indicator will be assembled paralel way. If current which through

phasa higher than MCB's nominal current, the lamp will be on and the alarm will

be out the sound

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Picture 4.5 Lamp and Alarm Indicator

4.4 EQUIPMENT

Normal Condition :

When the MCB close, coil energized. All of NC (Normally Close)

contacts will be Open. And NO (Normally Open) contacts will be Close.

So the customers still underserved.

Overcurrent Condition:

When the current which through MCB higher than its capacity, MCB

will be trip (turned off). Coil will energized and the contacts will return to

initial (normal) condition. When MCB trip (turned off), indicators will active

(turned on) and the customers still underserved.

4.5 INSTALATION

Picture 4.6 Line Diagram Circuit

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Picture 4.7 Instalation

4.6 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE

1. Indicators on 2. People sees it

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4.Operator receives information 3. People calls PLN

5. operator asks employee to check PHB-TR 6. Employee checks load phase

4.7 DETAIL COST

Detail cost for this innovation:

No Component Amount Price Total

1 MCB 100 A/ MCB 1 A 3 Rp 97. 405 Rp 292.215

2 Contactor 3 phasa 3 Rp 827.600 Rp 2.482.800

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80A/Relay 5 A

3 Alarm 3 Rp 22.500 Rp 67.500

4 Lamp sirine/Lamp (2rb) 3 Rp 60.000 Rp 180.000

Total Rp 3.022.515

Detail cost for this innovation prototype:

No Component Amount Price Total

1 MCB 1A 1 Rp 20.000 Rp 20.000

2 Relay 5A 1 Rp 75.000 Rp 75.000

3 Bell 1 Rp 22.500 Rp 22.500

4 Lamp 1 Rp 1.600 Rp 1.600

5 Fitting Lamp 1 Rp 3.000 Rp 3.000

6 Steker 1 Rp 6.000 Rp 6.000

7 Fuse 2A 1 Rp 400 Rp 400

8 Fitting Fuse 1 Rp 1.500 Rp 1.500

Total Rp130.000

4.8 SAVING, BENEFIT, GAIN

Saving which get from this inovation :

1. Transformator

Transformator price 50 KVA is Rp 30.000.000

2. NH Fuse

Assumption PHB-TR has 3 NH Fuse:

3 x 200.000 =Rp 600.000

3. Outage

Outage asssumption when transformator reach 80%, that is 40 KVA.

If outage through 1 hour, 40 KVA 40 KW

40 KWH x 495 (assumption power is 900 VA) = Rp 19.800

Total saving is Rp 30.619.800

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The benefit which get from these innovation is

1. There are accompany between the people and PLN to protect electronic

tools of substation distribution.

CHAPTER V CLOSING

5.1 CONCLUSION

1. This innovation can assist operators in performing maintenance of PHB-TR.

2. By involving the people, the problem can be quickly distribution substations.

3. This innovation can help prevent outages and damage distribution substation

equipment.

5.2 SUGGESTION

1. Should any PHB-TR fitted locks to protect electrical equipment in the PHB-TR.

D19

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