D-SPECT: Design and Performance
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Transcript of D-SPECT: Design and Performance
![Page 1: D-SPECT: Design and Performance](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102722/55616c2bd8b42a35458b56d9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A New Rapid Acquisition Solid State Imaging System for Cardiac
SPECT Imaging
S.S. Gambhir M.D., Ph.D.Nuclear Medicine Grand Rounds
September 2007
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SPECT vs. PET
• SPECT has potential for multiplexing• SPECT can achieve very high spatial
resolution• SPECT isotopes have some advantages
but also key disadvantages• SPECT is limited by sensitivity and
inability to do dynamic rapid acquisition
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Gamma Camera/SPECT
GAMMA CAMERA (GC)
GC GC
COLLIMATOR
NaI CRYSTALS
PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES
TO COMPUTER
GAMMA RAYS
SUBJECT INJECTED WITH GAMMA-EMITTING PROBE
SCHEMATIC OF A GAMMA CAMERA
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Nuclear Cardiac Imaging
Stress
Rest
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Scintillation Cameras for Cardiac Imaging
A. Dual Head, Variable Angle
GE Infinia
B. Dual Head, Fixed 90o
GE Ventri
C. Compact Dual Head, Fixed 90o
Siemens C-Cam
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Current SPECT Technology
• Detectors– Dual-Head– NaI(Tl) Scintillation
Cameras– Fixed 90o geometry
• Data Acquisition– Rotation – 90o
– No. of frames – 60 – Acquisition – 180o
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Objectives of New SPECT System• Designed specifically for cardiac imaging• Improved energy resolution• Improved spatial resolution• Significant reductions in imaging times (x10)• Improved patient comfort
– Imaging in an upright or reclining position– Reduction of claustrophobia– Elimination of need for arms over head
• Small footprint to fit in ED, offices, exam rooms, etc.
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D-SPECT™ Cardiac ScannerSpectrum-DynamicsHaifa, Israel
Dynamic SPECT(D-SPECT)
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Detector Configuration
10 rotatingcolumns
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Detector Configuration
D-SPECT™ detector head
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D-SPECT Detector Configuration
QuickTime™ and aYUV420 codec decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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64 elements~160 mm
16 elements~40 mm
2.46 mm
2.46 mm
Detector Column Detail
5 mm thick CZTDetector Element
1024 elementsper column
DetectorColumn
Column Collimator
Detector Array Direct conversion of photonenergy to voltage pulse
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Detector Characteristics
Detector ThicknessEffective
Atomic No.Density
(gm/cm3)Intrinsic Efficiency
(140 keV)
5 mm 88%
90%9.5 mm(3/8 in)
Energy Resolution(140 keV)
CZT 49 5.7 6%
NaI(Tl) 50 3.7 10%
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Rel
ativ
e co
unts
Tc-99mHALF LIFE = 6.02 Hours
140.5 KeV18.5 KeV
100
7
CZT Energy Resolution6%
NaI(Tl) Energy Resolution10%
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Sources of Improvements in Sensitivity
• Sensitivity– Use of wide angle collimators with high geometric efficiency– Unique ability to concentration acquisition on region-of-
interest (ROI-centric scanning)
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Sources of Improvementsin Spatial Resolution
• Spatial Resolution– Data collection from many angles– Decreased distance between detectors and ROI– Improved energy resolution– Use of proprietary BroadviewTM reconstruction
algorithms based on the ML-EM method
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D-SPECT Collimator
GE LEHR Collimator
Collimator HoleShape
Material Septum(mm)
Length(mm)
Hole Dia.(mm)
GeometricEfficiency
D-SPECT Square Tungsten 0.2 21.7 2.26 0.000748
GE LEHR Hex Lead 0.2 35 1.5 0.0000985
Ratio 7.6
Collimator Comparison
No lead x-rays to interfere with 201Tl imaging
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15 cm
7.5 cm
Spatial Resolution (mm)
Point # X Y
1-outer 4.7 5.2
2-outer 5.5 4.7
3-central 7.0 6.5
Average 5.7 5.5
13.612.63-central
12.813.4Average
12.412.82-outer
12.414.81-outer
YXPoint #
Spatial Resolution (mm)
2.11.83-central
2.32.3Average
2.62.32-outer
2.43.11-outer
YXPoint #
RatioA-SPECT/D-SPECT
15 cm
Spatial Resolution NEMA NU1 2001
A-SPECTD-SPECTAnger Camera SPECT
(A-SPECT)Dual Head 90O
60 frames, 180O
Circular orbitLEHR Collimators
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Resolution and SensitivityCo-57 line source 2.5 million counts
A-SPECT
1 mm
D-SPECT
Measured at 100 mm
System SpatialResolution
(mm)
Time(sec)
A-SPECT 10.4 600
D-SPECT 5.5 49
Ratio 1.9 12.3
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Gated Acquisition
• Acquired data are encoded during acquisition with EKG signal so that gated images may be reconstructed after data acquisition is complete
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Torso Phantom Studies
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D-SPECTA-SPECT
Anthropomorphic torso phantomActivity in liver, background, myocardium
No defect
D-SPECTA-SPECT
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D-SPECTA-SPECT
Anthropomorphic torso phantomActivity in liver, background, myocardium
20 mm; 50% activity defect
D-SPECTA-SPECT
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D-SPECTA-SPECT
Anthropomorphic torso phantomActivity in liver, background, myocardium
10 mm defect
D-SPECTA-SPECT
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Dual Isotope Phantom Studies
D-SPECT
SPECT
Virgin Thallium
Dual Thallium
Virgin Thallium
Dual Thallium
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10.58.47.0SensitivityGain (SD/GE)
*990,00095,000*920,000110,000*950,000136,000Counts/minfrom Myocardium
73.1%8.3%71.1%8.9%71%9.5%% MyocardiumCounts
1.981.18*1.831.43*1.901.70MyocardiumCounts (M)
*2.7114.26*2.6116.15*2.6817.08Total Counts (M)
212.5212.5212.5Duration (min)
10:339:2514:2511:5519:2117:08Start Acq
26.5 mCi at 08:4023.4 mCi at 11:1028.3 mCi at 16:13Administration
Raw Data
SDGESDGESDGE
Patient #130Patient #126Patient #125
*After decay correction
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47 y/o male, overweight, hypertensive,chest pain - Stress/Rest
AXIS, Philips Medical Systems
D-SPECT, Spectrum Dynamics
Rest2 min
Stress4 min
Rest11 min
Stress19 min
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44 y/o male, hypertensive, elevated cholesterol levels, asymptomatic - Stress/Rest
AXIS, Philips Medical Systems
D-SPECT, Spectrum Dynamics
Rest2 min
Stress4 min
Rest11 min
Stress19 min
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Future ProductsD-SPECT/CT
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Patient personalized RFID-tagged Syringe
Information transmitted to
D-SPECT Scanner; settings
adjusted automatically
Patient demographics acquired and transmitted to
®-Scan Wristband
Verification & Authentication
®-Scan Wristband:Patient demographics integrated
with dose and injection time
D-SPECT Cardiac Scanner System features the ®-SCAN data transfer system based on RFID technology.
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Conclusions• D-SPECT is a new cardiac SPECT system that has
been developed using a radically new data acquisition technology. This system exhibits:– Factor of ~2 improvement in spatial resolution– Factor of ~10 improvement in sensitivity– Factor of ~1.7 improvement in energy resolution
• Systems will be in nuclear medicine laboratories in late 2007
• Clinical trials are just starting
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Acknowledgments
• Dalia Dickman and Miki Nagler, Spectrum Dynamics
• Web Site:– www.Spectrum-Dynamics.com